Related Research Articles
Ticks are parasitic arachnids that are part of the superorder Parasitiformes. Along with mites, they constitute the subclass Acari. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external parasites, living by feeding on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. It is estimated ticks originated during the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 120 MYA, the earliest tick fossil in New Jersey amber is dated at 90-94 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.
The Ixodidae are the family of hard ticks or scale ticks, one of the three families of ticks, consisting of over 700 species. They are known as 'hard ticks' because they have a scutum or hard shield, which the other big family of ticks, the 'soft ticks' (Argasidae), lack. They are ectoparasites of a wide range of host species, and some are vectors of pathogens that can cause human disease.
Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to South-western part of India. The disease is caused by a virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. KFDV is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected hard ticks which act as a reservoir of KFDV.
Haemaphysalis is a genus of ticks, containing these species:
Amblyomma javanense is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Amblyomma. It is found in Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Philippines and Thailand. It is the only ectoparasite found on the Manis javanica, Manis crassicaudata and also from Sus scrofa.
Ixodes petauristae is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Ixodes. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. Adults parasitize various smaller mammals such as Ratufa indica, Funambulus tristriatus, Macaca radiata, Petaurista sp. and mice. It is a potential vector of Kyasanur Forest disease virus,
Haemaphysalis aculeata is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Haemaphysalis. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.
Haemaphysalis bispinosa is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Haemaphysalis. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Pakistan, Nepal, Australia, and Indonesia. It is an obligate ectoparasite of mammals. It is a potential vector of Kyasanur Forest disease virus. These ticks was found parasitized by a chalcid Hunterellus sagarensis in these diseased areas.
Haemaphysalis anomala is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Haemaphysalis. It is found in India, Vietnam and Sri Lanka. It is an obligate ectoparasite of mammals.
Haemaphysalis cuspidata is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Haemaphysalis. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. It is a potential vector of Kyasanur Forest disease virus.
The East Asian mountain haemaphysalid,, is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Haemaphysalis. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Myanmar, China, Japan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan and Thailand. It is an obligate ectoparasite of mammals. It is a potential vector of Kyasanur Forest disease virus, Coxiella sp., Ehrlichia sp., and Rickettsia japonica. In 2007, an unknown trypanosoma species known as Trypanosoma KG1 isolate was isolated from naturally infected H. hystricis ticks.
The Flat-inner-spurred haemaphysalid,, is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Haemaphysalis. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. It is an obligate ectoparasite of mammals. It is a potential vector of Kyasanur Forest disease virus, Ganjam virus, and Nairobi sheep disease virus.
Haemaphysalis minuta, is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Haemaphysalis. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. It is an obligate ectoparasite of mammals. It is a potential vector of Kyasanur Forest disease virus.
Haemaphysalis spinigera, is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Haemaphysalis. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam. It is an obligate ectoparasite of mammals of various rodents, insectivores and monkeys. It is a potential vector of Kyasanur Forest disease virus, and Kaisodi virus.
Haemaphysalis turturis, is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Haemaphysalis. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. It is an obligate ectoparasite of mammals. It is a potential vector of Kyasanur Forest disease virus, and ganjam virus.
The Sharif's Indian Hyalomma,, is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Hyalomma. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.
The Cattle tick,, is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Rhipicephalus. It is also known as North American cattle tick, North American Texas fever tick, and Texas fever tick.
Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Rhipicephalus. It is one of the major medically important ticks in the world.
The zebra tick or yellow back tick is a species of hard tick. It is common in the Horn of Africa, with a habitat of the Rift Valley and eastward. It feeds upon a wide variety of species, including livestock, wild mammals, and humans, and can be a vector for various pathogens. The adult male has a distinctive black and ivory ornamentation on its scutum.
References
- ↑ "Species Details : Nosomma monstrosum Nuttall & Warburton, 1908". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
- ↑ Bandaranayaka, KO; Apanaskevich, DA; Rajakaruna, RS (2016). "Life cycle of Nosomma monstrosum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions". Exp Appl Acarol. 69 (1): 97–106. doi:10.1007/s10493-015-0011-4. PMID 26846472.
- ↑ "STUDY ON THE BIONOMICS OF NOSOMMA MONSTROSUM(NUTTALL AND WARBURTON) (ACARI : IXODIDAE)". Acarologia. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
- ↑ Singh, KR; Pavri, KM; Anderson, CR (1964). "Transmission of Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus by Haemaphysalis Turturis, Haemaphysalis Papuana Kinneari and Haemaphysalis Minuta". Indian Journal of Medical Research. 52: 566–73. PMID 14184087.
