| Notoreas paradelpha | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Female | |
 | |
| Male | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | Notoreas |
| Species: | N. paradelpha |
| Binomial name | |
| Notoreas paradelpha | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Notoreas paradelpha is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
This species was first described in 1883 by Edward Meyrick using material collected by him on Ben Lomond near Lake Wakatipu in December. He named the species Pasithea paradelpha. [2] [1] In 1884 Meyrick went on to give a more detailed description of the species. [3] [4] In 1886 Meyrick renamed the genus to which he had previously assigned this species and placed it within the genus Notoreas. [5] George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species both in his 1898 book New Zealand Moths and Butterflies (Macro-lepidoptera) and in his 1928 book The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. [6] [7]
The genus Notoreas was reviewed in 1986 by R. C. Craw and the placement of this species within it was confirmed. [8] However species within the genus Notoreas are currently regarded as being in need of revision. [9] The lectotype specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London. [4]
Meyrick described the species as follows:
Male. — 21-23 mm. Forewings moderate, costa straight, hindmargin rounded; dark fuscous, densely and finely strewn with yellowish and a few whitish scales; a curved cloudy whitish line towards base, anteriorly blackish-margined; a slightly bent whitish line at 1⁄3, posteriorly blackish-margined; sometimes a small blackish discal dot, and slender curved median line; a clearly marked white line beyond middle, anteriorly strongly blackish-margined, shortly and obtusely angulated in middle, and inner margin shortly toothed above and below middle; an irregular sinuate subdentate whitish-yellowish subterminal line: cilia with basal half dark grey, apical half sharply barred with dark fuscous and white. Hindwings somewhat elongate, hindmargin rounded; dark fuscous; basal half irrorated with pale yellowish; a very obscure curved whitish shade before middle; a well-defined strongly-curved white median line; a very irregular subdentate whitish-yellowish subterminal line; cilia as in forewings. [3]
N. paradelpha is endemic to New Zealand. [1] [10] Along with its type locality of Ben Lomond, N. paradelpha has also been found on Mount Arthur, Arthur's Pass, the Hunter Mountains and at Obelisk Station and the Dansey Ecological District in Otago. [7] [11] [12] [13]
The female moth lays her eggs within the flower buds of their host plant. [14] When the larvae emerge from their eggs, they eat into the leaves or buds of their host, hiding from predators. [14] Once they are large enough, they emerge to feed from the fresh growth of the plant. [14] N. paradelpha pupate in a loose cocoon on the ground under their host. [14] N. paradelpha are day-flying moths. [14] They are low but fast flyers and constantly vibrate their wings to enable them to take off rapidly. [14]
Adults are on the wing from November to February. [3] [6] [13]
This moth species prefers to live in high alpine habitat and has been found amongst grass and in herbfields. [3] [12] The host plants for the larvae of N. paradelpha are the endemic species in the genera Kelleria and Pimelea including Pimelia oreophila . [13] [15]
Cephalissa is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae. Its only species, Cephalissa siria, the orange triangle moth, is endemic to New Zealand. This species has been classified as nationally vulnerable by the Department of Conservation. It has suffered a contraction of its range, no longer being seen in Dunedin or Invercargill. It is currently found in the Mt Watkin Scenic Reserve, in eastern Otago, in the Rongahere Gorge and in the Dansey Ecological District. C. siria is known to inhabit kahikatea forest amongst Carex species as well as short tussock grasslands and shrubland. The larval host plant is Fuchsia perscandens. Adult moths are on the wing in October and November.
Izatha metadelta is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it is known from the North Island only. It is rare north of Waikato and the Bay of Plenty.
Ichneutica steropastis, or the flax notcher moth, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and can be found throughout the country from the Three Kings Islands to Stewart Island as well as in the Chatham Islands. The larvae of this species feed on a variety of native and introduced plants however the New Zealand flax is one of the more well known host plants for the larvae of this moth. The larvae are nocturnal, hiding away in the base of the plants and coming out to feed at night. They create a distinctive notch in the leaf when they feed. The adults of this species are on the wing from October to March. Although adult specimens of I. steropastis are relatively easy to recognise they might possibly be confused with I. inscripta, I. theobroma or with darker forms of I. arotis. However I. steropastis can be distinguished as it has a long dark basal forewing streak that these three species lack.
Hierodoris electrica is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1889. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it has been reported from the northern and southern parts of the South Island. The larva of H. electrica has yet to be described. The wingspan is between 15 and 16.5 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is dark brown, with narrow yellow scales overlaying this base colour. The hindwings are brown. The known larval host species is Olearia nummulariifolia.
Gadira leucophthalma, the beaked moss moth, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is found in the south eastern side of the South Island down to Banks Peninsula. G. leucophthalma inhabits the foredunes of coastal areas. The larval host is unknown but it has been hypothesised that the larvae feed on moss. The adult moths are day flying although some specimens have been trapped at night via light traps. Adults are commonly on the wing from March to April. This species has been classified as Nationally Vulnerable by the Department of Conservation.
Eudonia xysmatias is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1907. This species is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed and collected in Otago. This species inhabits wetlands. Adults are day flying and are on the wing in December and January.
Xanthorhoe lophogramma is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and if found in the South Island. This species inhabits dry beech scrub but its larval host is unknown. Adult moths are on the wing in January. This species is classified as "At Risk, Nationally Uncommon" by the Department of Conservation.
Notoreas atmogramma is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. It is a day flying moth that frequents alpine habitat.
Notoreas chrysopeda is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. It is a colourful day flying moth that lives in mountainous habitat.
Asaphodes cosmodora is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. This species is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in the South Island. The adults of this species are on the wing in January and February.
Notoreas galaxias is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. This species is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in the southern half of the South Island. The species inhabits alpine herbfields and their larvae feed on species in the genera Kelleria and Drapetes. The adults are on the wing February to March.
Notoreas arcuata is a species of geometer moth endemic to New Zealand. This species if found in the South Island and has been observed in the Saint Arnaud Range, around Arthur's Pass and in the Oteake Conservation Park. Larvae feed on species in the genera Kelleria and Pimelea. Adults are on the wing from December to February.
Notoreas hexaleuca is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. This species is endemic to New Zealand.
Notoreas ischnocyma is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. This species is found in Canterbury and Otago.
Notoreas isoleuca is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
Notoreas mechanitis is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
Notoreas niphocrena is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
Notoreas ortholeuca is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
Notoreas perornata is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and is found in the North Island from Northland to Westland as well as in the South Island on the coast of Marlborough.
Notoreas simplex is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
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