Currently, there is no nuclear power plant in Hong Kong. However, a Hong Kong company, Hong Kong Nuclear Investment Company (HKNIC), owns 25% share in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in Guangdong. About 80% [1] of the power plant electricity output is supplied to Hong Kong by their electric utility company China Light and Power Co., Ltd. (CLP) to meet the electricity demand in Hong Kong. [2]
Hong Kong currently imports electricity from Mainland China from the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in Guangdong since 1994. The agreement of electricity import lasts until 2034.[ citation needed ] CLP will also import 17% of electricity from the planned Yangjiang Nuclear Power Station in Guangdong by 2017 under the agreement with China Guangdong Nuclear Power Company.[ citation needed ]
To reduce the carbon dioxide emission in Hong Kong, new coal-fired power plants have not been allowed to be built anymore since 1997. The government of Hong Kong have been trying to boost the share of renewable energy, natural gas and nuclear energy for power generation in Hong Kong. The current existing coal-fired power plants will be kept on low utilization as reserve.
The government itself plan to cut carbon emission up to 50-60% from the current emission by 2020 by gradually replacing coal-based power generation with more nuclear power and other green energy. [3]
Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy. For utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery to end users or its storage.
CLP Group and its holding company, CLP Holdings Ltd, also known as China Light and Power Company, Limited, is an electricity company in Hong Kong. Incorporated in 1901 as China Light & Power Company Syndicate, its core business remains the generation, transmission, and retailing of electricity. It also has businesses in a number of Asian markets as well as EnergyAustralia in Australia. It is one of the two main electricity power generation companies in Hong Kong, the other being Hongkong Electric Company.
India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world. The national electric grid in India has an installed capacity of 393.389 GW as of 31 December 2021. Renewable power plants, which also include large hydroelectric plants, constitute 37% of India's total installed capacity. During the fiscal year (FY) 2019-20, the gross electricity generated by utilities in India was 1,383.5 TWh and the total electricity generation in the country was 1,598 TWh. The gross electricity consumption in FY2019 was 1,208 kWh per capita. In FY2015, electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded as being the highest (17.89%) worldwide. The per capita electricity consumption is low compared to most other countries despite India having a low electricity tariff.
EnergyAustralia is an electricity generation, electricity and gas retailing private company in Australia, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Hong Kong-based and listed China Light and Power. EnergyAustralia also had a portfolio of generating sites using thermal coal, natural gas, hydro-electric, solar energy, and wind power. The company has a long history of paying little or no tax in Australia and is listed in the top 10 "tax dodgers" in the nation.
Taiwan relies on imports for almost 98% of its energy in 2016, which leaves the island's energy supply vulnerable to external disruption. In order to reduce this dependence, the Ministry of Economic Affairs' Bureau of Energy has been actively promoting energy research at several universities since the 1990s.
Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant located in Daya Bay in Longgang District, along the eastern extremity of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; and to the north east of Hong Kong. Daya Bay has two 944 MWe PWR nuclear reactors based on the Framatome ANP French 900 MWe three cooling loop design (M310), which started commercial operation in 1993 and 1994 respectively.
Nuclear power plants operate in 32 countries. Most are in Europe, North America, East Asia and South Asia. The United States is the largest producer of nuclear power, while France has the largest share of electricity generated by nuclear power, at about 70%. China has the fastest growing nuclear power program with 13 new reactors under construction.
The Castle Peak Power Station is the largest coal-fired power station in Hong Kong. It is situated in Tap Shek Kok, Tuen Mun District, on the north shore of Urmston Road. Its name came from the mountain Castle Peak nearby. The station consists of four 350 MW and four 677 MW generating units, with auxiliary facilities.
Ensuring adequate energy supply to sustain economic growth has been a core concern of the Chinese government since 1949. The country is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and coal in China is a major cause of global warming. However, from 2010 to 2015 China reduced energy consumption per unit of GDP by 18%, and CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 20%. On a per-capita basis, it was the world's 51st largest emitter of greenhouse gases in 2016.
Fossil fuel phase-out is the gradual reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels to zero. It is part of the ongoing renewable energy transition. Current efforts in fossil fuel phase-out involve replacing fossil fuels with sustainable energy sources in sectors such as transport, and heating. Alternatives to fossil fuels include electrification, green hydrogen and aviation biofuel. Phase-out policies include both demand-side and supply-side constraints, whereas demand-side approaches seek to reduce fossil-fuel consumption, supply-side initiatives seek to constraint production to accelerate the pace of energy transition and reduction in emissions.
Low-carbon power is electricity produced with substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions than conventional fossil fuel power generation. The energy transition to low-carbon power is one of the most important actions required to limit climate change. Power sector emissions may have peaked in 2018. During the first six months of 2020, scientists observed an 8.8% decrease in global CO2 emissions relative to 2019 due to COVID-19 lockdown measures. The two main sources of the decrease in emissions included ground transportation (40%) and the power sector (22%). This event is the largest absolute decrease in CO2 emissions in history, but emphasizes that low-carbon power "must be based on structural and transformational changes in energy-production systems".
China is the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world and is the largest user of coal-generated electricity, with over a thousand coal-fired power stations. The share of coal in the energy mix declined during the 2010s, falling from 80% in 2010 to 58% in 2019. China emits over 10% of global greenhouse gas. China's large demand was in part responsible for the delay in peak global coal production, coal production reached a record high in December 2021 and coal consumption in China is forecast to reach a record high in 2021.
South Korea is a major energy importer, importing nearly all of its oil needs and ranking as the second-largest importer of liquefied natural gas in the world. Electricity generation in the country mainly comes from conventional thermal power, which accounts for more than two thirds of production, and from nuclear power.
China's electric power industry is the world's largest electricity producer, passing the United States in 2011 after rapid growth since the early 1990s. In 2019, China produced more electricity than the next three countries—U.S., India, and Russia—combined.
Coal phase-out is an environmental policy intended to stop using the combustion of coal in coal-burning power plants, and is part of fossil fuel phase-out. Coal is the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel, therefore phasing it out is critical to limiting climate change and keeping global warming to 1.5 °C as laid out in the Paris Climate Agreement. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that coal is responsible for over 30% of the global average temperature increase above pre-industrial levels.
The total electricity consumption of the Netherlands in 2013 was 119 terawatt-hour (TWh). The consumption grew from 7 TWh in 1950 by an average of 4.5% per year. As of 2012, the main resources for electricity in the Netherlands are fossil fuels, such as natural gas and coal. In 2012, fossil fuels accounted for 81% of the produced electricity. Renewable energy sources, such as biomass, wind power and solar power, produce 12% of the total electricity. There is one nuclear plant in the Netherlands, in Borssele, which is responsible for about 3.5% of total generation. The majority of the electricity, more than 60%, is produced centrally by thermal and nuclear units.
Stephen Shen is a Taiwanese politician. He was the Minister of the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) of the Executive Yuan from 2008 to 2014.
Electricity sector in Hong Kong ranges from generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity covering Hong Kong. There are two main providers of electricity in Hong Kong.
The Hong Kong Nuclear Investment Company Limited is a company in Hong Kong. It is a wholly owned subsidiary company of CLP Holdings Limited. The company invests in Guangdong Nuclear Power Joint Venture Company Limited which owns the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in Guangdong, supplying 25% of Hong Kong electricity demand.
Energy in Hong Kong refers to the type of energy and its related infrastructure used in Hong Kong. Energy is crucial for the development of trade and industries in Hong Kong with its relatively small usable land. Hong Kong mostly imports its energy from outside or produces it through some intermediate process.
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