Nutbush, Tennessee

This article is about the community in Haywood County, Tennessee. It is not to be confused with Nutbush, Memphis.

Nutbush, Tennessee
Unincorporated community [1]
Location in the state of Tennessee
Coordinates: 35°41′53″N89°24′29″W / 35.69806°N 89.40806°W / 35.69806; -89.40806
Country	United States
State	Tennessee
Counties	Haywood
Elevation	358 ft (109 m)
Population  (2000) of the Nutbush voting precinct
• Total	259
Time zone	UTC-6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code	38063 (Ripley) [2]
Area code	731

Nutbush grocery store (2004)

Nutbush is a rural unincorporated community in Haywood County, Tennessee, United States, in the western part of the state, approximately 50 miles northeast of Memphis. ^[1] It was established in the early 19th century by European-American settlers who bought enslaved African Americans to develop the area's cotton plantations. The houses and churches that were built during this time still stand.

Agriculture is still the most important element of the rural economy, focused on the cultivation and processing of cotton. This has been the commodity crop since the antebellum years, when its cultivation depended on slave labor. As of 2006, cotton was processed in one cotton-processing plant in the community.

Nutbush is the childhood home of singer Tina Turner, who described the "town" (tiny settlement, community of 259) in her 1973 song "Nutbush City Limits". In 2002, a segment of Tennessee State Route 19 near Nutbush was named "Tina Turner Highway" in her honor. ^{[3] [4] [5]} This is also the home town of blues pioneer musicians and recording artists Hambone Willie Newbern and Sleepy John Estes. ^[6]

Demographics

In 2000, the population of the Nutbush voting precinct (TN 3976) was 259. Of those, 42 were white (16.22%), 215 black (82.01%), and two were of another ethnicity (0.77%). At that time 190 people (73.36%) were aged 18 or older. ^[7]

Economy

Cotton processing in Nutbush (2004)

The community's main source of income is agriculture (especially cotton).

After the abolition of slavery, freedmen worked at sharecropping as the primary means of income. They cultivated plots of land, mostly for growing cotton, in return for paying a share of the crop to the landowner.

Modern machines such as the cotton picker have superseded manual cultivation; many farm workers left the area for cities during the Great Migration of the early 20th century. As of 2006, one cotton-processing plant in Nutbush is the only agricultural industry in the community.

Lagoon Creek Peaking Facility is run by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in Nutbush. From eight gas turbines, the power plant generates electric power for the area in times of high demand. ^{[8] [9]}

History

Scenic view onto Tennessee State Route 19 (2004)

The Nutbush community was established in the early 19th century by settlers from Virginia and North Carolina. Descended from immigrants from England, they traveled westward to the Mississippi River delta in western Tennessee. They developed this area for cotton and were dependent on the use of slave labor. ^[10]

Main article: Trinity United Methodist Church (Nutbush, Tennessee)

These settlers founded Trinity United Methodist Church in 1822. During the slavery years, black enslaved people were forced to attend the church under white supervision.

During and after the Civil War, more than 50 Civil War soldiers, both Confederate and Union, were buried in the Trinity Cemetery associated with the church. The Trinity Cemetery is mentioned on the Rootsweb Internet site as one of the best-kept cemeteries in the county. ^[11]

The community also had Woodlawn Church, which was limited to whites and is still active. Under antebellum state law, most black congregations had to be ministered by white pastors. In 1846, Hardin Smith, who was from Virginia, was allowed to preach to a black congregation at an evening service at the white Woodlawn Church; it was the first time an area congregation was pastored by an enslaved person. ^{[10] [12]}

Woodlawn Baptist Church (2007)

Main article: Woodlawn Baptist Church and Cemetery

After the American Civil War, the Woodlawn Missionary Baptist Church was established in 1866 by Hardin Smith and other freedmen of the community, aided by some members of the white Woodlawn Baptist Church. The freedmen soon withdrew their congregation from white supervision, as did most black Baptists in the South. They established their own regional and national associations by the end of the century. ^{[13] [14]}

Woodlawn Baptist Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 for its historical significance. ^[15]

In 1881, a U.S. Post office was opened in Nutbush; it was closed in 1905. ^[16]

Geography

Nutbush is located at 35°41′53″N89°24′29″W / 35.69806°N 89.40806°W / 35.69806; -89.40806 (35.6981330, -89.4081280), at an elevation of 358 feet (109 m). ^[1]

Cotton fields and hills dominate the landscape of the surrounding area. Nutbush is situated on the southeastern edge of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, an area with a high earthquake risk.

Postal and telephone

The U.S. ZIP Code for Nutbush is 38063 (Ripley) ^[2] and the telephone area code is 731. ^[17]

Notable residents

The early Black musicians and singers from the Nutbush churches recorded and influenced an international audience. ^[6] Prominent recording artists include Hambone Willie Newbern and Sleepy John Estes. Harmonica player Noah Lewis of Henning, Tennessee, is buried in an area cemetery near Nutbush. ^[6]

Nutbush is the childhood home of singer Tina Turner.

Nutbush is best known as the childhood home of singer Tina Turner, then known as Anna Mae Bullock. Bullock was born in nearby Brownsville on November 26, 1939. ^[18] She was raised in Nutbush, Knoxville, and Ripley by her maternal grandmother and extended family in the area. The houses she lived in as a child no longer exist. Wood from her Nutbush/Flagg Grove home was used to build a barn. ^[19] At age 16, she moved to St. Louis, Missouri.

Both Woodlawn Missionary Baptist Church and Spring Hill Baptist Church in Nutbush were family churches of Tina Turner. She attended and sang in both choirs growing up. Her family members were church officials, musicians and singers; various members are buried in these two cemeteries. ^[19]

Tina Turner Highway in Nutbush (2004)

In 2002, Tennessee State Route 19 between Brownsville and Nutbush was officially designated as "Tina Turner Highway" in her honor. ^{[3] [4] [5]}

Cultural influence

• Tina Turner's song "Nutbush City Limits" (1973, produced by Ike Turner) is about her hometown. The line dance "The Nutbush" is performed to the song, ^[20] which is featured in "Diva", an episode in the fourth season of Glee . ^[21]

References

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Nutbush, Tennessee
2. "Free ZIP Code Lookup". Archived from the original on December 30, 2005. Retrieved January 3, 2006. DownloadZIPcode
3. Wilder, John S. (January 17, 2002). "SB 2798: Highway Signs – "Tina Turner Highway"" (PDF). Legislation Archives - Bills and Resolutions: 102nd General Assembly. Nashville, TN: Tennessee Senate. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
4. Fitzhugh, Craig (January 22, 2002). "HB 2535: Highway Signs – "Tina Turner Highway"" (PDF). Legislation Archives – Bills and Resolutions: 102nd General Assembly. Nashville, TN: Tennessee House of Representatives. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
5. "Highway to Be Named for Tina Turner". AP Online News Wire. Associated Press. September 25, 2002. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
6. A History of Tennessee Arts, University of Tennessee Press
7. Tennessee Comptroller of the Treasury
8. Continental Construction, Co., Inc.
9. AtlasPower, Inc.
10. The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, Rutledge Press
11. http://www.rootsweb.com Rootsweb - Haywood County, TN Genealogy
12. Norris, Sharon, Black America Series: Haywood County Tennessee, Arcadia Publishing, 2000, p. 8
13. Brooks, Walter H. "The Evolution of the Negro Baptist Church." Journal of Negro History (1922) 7#1 pp: 11-22. in JSTOR
14. Albert J. Raboteau, Slave Religion: The "invisible Institution" in the Antebellum South (1979)
15. National Register of Historic Places
16. Tennessee State Library and Archives
17. http://www.bellsouth.com BellSouth
18. Turner, Tina; Loder, Kurt (1986). I, Tina. Internet Archive. New York : Morrow. p. 4. ISBN   9780688059491.
19. Information by Sharon Norris, national preservationist, author and researcher of Black America Series: Haywood County, Tennessee.
20. Oakley, Rachel (December 5, 2014). "Aussie cops accept the Nutbush dance challenge and nail it". Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
21. footstep11 (June 28, 2017). "Glee Episode Guide" (PDF). Orlandini, Mauro. p. 255. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.

Further reading

• West, Carroll Van & Duncan Binnicker, Margaret (2004). A History of Tennessee Arts. Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Press. ISBN   1-57233-239-5.
• Norris, Sharon (2000). Black America Series: Haywood County Tennessee. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN   0-7385-0605-2.

External links

• The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture