The glass frogs belong to the amphibian family Centrolenidae, native to the Central American Rainforests. The general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent and translucent, giving the glass frog its common name. The internal viscera, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, are visible through the skin. When active their blood makes them visible; when sleeping most of the blood is concealed in the liver, hiding them. Glass frogs are arboreal, living mainly in trees, feeding on small insects and only coming out for mating season. Their transparency conceals them very effectively when sleeping on a green leaf, as they habitually do. However, climate change and habitat fragmentation has been threatening the survival rates of the family.
Espadarana audax is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found on the Amazonian versant of Andes in northeast Peru, eastern Ecuador, and southern Colombia.
Nymphargus grandisonae is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forest ; larvae develop in streams and still-water pools. Its habitat is threatened by habitat loss, introduced fish, and agricultural pollution, but it is still a common species not considered threatened by the IUCN.
Centrolene huilensis is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to Colombia and only known from the region of its type locality near Isnos, on the Cordillera Central in the Huila Department.
Nymphargus mariae, commonly known as Maria's giant glass frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the cloud forests of the Serranía de Sira, Huánuco, Peru and in Ecuador. A population endemic to Ecuador was previously considered to be a distinct species, Nymphargus puyoensis, but is now classified as a junior synonym.
Centrolene notosticta is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found on the Cordillera Oriental in Colombia and on its extension to north, Serranía del Perijá, in the Zulia state in Venezuela.
Nymphargus armatus is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to Colombia and only known from the immediate vicinity of its type locality in El Cairo municipality, Valle del Cauca Department. In much of the literature it is known as Cochranella armata as it was moved to its present genus only in 2007.
Nymphargus balionotus is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. Common names Mindo Cochran frog and mottled glassfrog has been coined for it.
Nymphargus bejaranoi is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to the eastern slopes of the Bolivian Andes in the Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, La Paz, and Santa Cruz departments. The specific name bejaranoi honors Gastón Bejarano, a Bolivian zoologist and Director of Forestry and National Parks, Ministry of Agriculture. Common name Bolivian Cochran frog has been coined for this species.
Nymphargus chancas is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. Until recently it was only known from its type locality in the Lamas Province in Peru; however, it is now known to occur more widely in the northern San Martín Region of Peru, extending into the Cordillera del Cóndor in Zamora-Chinchipe Province, Ecuador.
Nymphargus cristinae is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, formerly placed in Cochranella. It is endemic to Colombia where it is only known near its type locality on the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental in Urrao, Antioquia. Its natural habitat is sub-Andean primary forest. It occurs on vegetation next to streams with canopy cover over the stream. Its conservation status is unclear but habitat degradation and loss caused by cattle raising, timber extraction, and cultivation of illegal crops are major threats.
Nymphargus garciae is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, formerly placed in Cochranella. It is endemic to the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central, Colombia. Its natural habitat is vegetation alongside streams in sub-Andean and Andean forests. It requires gallery forest for reproduction, and is therefore very sensitive to disturbance of this kind of habitat. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Nymphargus nephelophila is a species of frogs in the family Centrolenidae, formerly placed in Cochranella. It is endemic to the Caquetá Department, Colombia, where it is known from the eastern versant of the Cordillera Oriental near Florencia. Its natural habitat is vegetation near streams in cloud forest, including secondary forest. Habitat loss is a threat to this species, but it is too little known to assess its conservation status.
Nymphargus oreonympha is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, formerly placed in Cochranella. It is endemic to Colombia where it occurs on the Cordillera Oriental in Florencia, the Caquetá Department. Its natural habitat is cloud forest, including secondary forest, where it occurs on vegetation near streams. Its conservation status is unclear.
Nymphargus pluvialis is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is known from the area of its type locality, Pistipata, Río Umasbamba, in the Huayopata District as well as Manu National Park of the Cusco Region of Peru and La Paz, Bolivia. Its common name is Pistipata cochran frog, although it no longer is included in the genus Cochranella.
Nymphargus posadae is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, formerly placed in Cochranella. It inhabits the eastern slopes of the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and northeastern Peru. It is reasonably common in Colombia but rare in Ecuador.
Nymphargus rosada is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, formerly placed in Cochranella. It is endemic to Colombia where it is known from the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central. Its natural habitats are sub-Andean forests alongside streams. It is threatened by habitat fragmentation and loss caused by agricultural expansion, timber extraction, and water pollution.
Nymphargus ruizi is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, formerly placed in Cochranella. It is endemic to Colombia where it is known from the western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental and the eastern slopes of the Farallones de Cali. Its natural habitats are sub-Andean forests next to streams. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by agricultural expansion, logging, human settlement, and water pollution.
Nymphargus siren is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, formerly placed in Cochranella. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitats are pre-montane forests near streams. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Nymphargus spilotus is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, formerly placed in Cochranella. It is endemic to Colombia where it occurs on the Cordillera Central in Samaná, the Caldas Department. Its natural habitat is sub-Andean forest where it occurs on vegetation alongside streams. Its conservation status is unclear.
