Octyl gallate

Last updated
Octyl gallate
Octyl gallate.png
Octyl gallate 3D spacefill.png
N-Octyl gallate.jpg
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
Other names
E311; Progallin O; n-Ocyl gallate; Stabilizer GA-8; Gallic acid octyl ester; 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid octyl ester
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.012.594 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 213-853-0
E number E311 (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C15H22O5/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-20-15(19)11-9-12(16)14(18)13(17)10-11/h9-10,16-18H,2-8H2,1H3 X mark.svgN
    Key: NRPKURNSADTHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N X mark.svgN
  • InChI=1/C15H22O5/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-20-15(19)11-9-12(16)14(18)13(17)10-11/h9-10,16-18H,2-8H2,1H3
    Key: NRPKURNSADTHLJ-UHFFFAOYAL
  • CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)
Properties
C15H22O5
Molar mass 282.336 g·mol−1
AppearanceWhite solid [1]
Melting point 98 to 101 °C (208 to 214 °F; 371 to 374 K) [1]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg
Warning
H302, H317
P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Octyl gallate is the ester of 1-octanol and gallic acid. As a food additive, it is used under the E number E311 as an antioxidant and preservative.

Contents

Properties

Octyl gallate is a white powder with a characteristic odor. It is very slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. Its solubility in lard is 1.1%. Octyl gallate darkens in the presence of iron.

Uses

This antioxidant is used in numerous pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food products; such as soaps, shampoos, shaving soaps, skin lotions, deodorants, margarine, and peanut butter.

It is a synergistic antioxidant with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).

Related Research Articles

Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants are frequently added to industrial products, such as polymers, fuels, and lubricants, to extend their usable lifetimes. Foods are also treated with antioxidants to forestall spoilage, in particular the rancidification of oils and fats. In cells, antioxidants such as glutathione, mycothiol or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, can prevent damage from oxidative stress.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butylated hydroxytoluene</span> Chemical compound

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties. BHT is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the U.S. F.D.A.—which considers BHT to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods. Despite this, and the earlier determination by the National Cancer Institute that BHT was noncarcinogenic in an animal model, societal concerns over its broad use have been expressed. BHT has also been postulated as an antiviral drug, but as of December 2022, use of BHT as a drug is not supported by the scientific literature and it has not been approved by any drug regulatory agency for use as an antiviral.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butylated hydroxyanisole</span> Chemical compound

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic, waxy, solid petrochemical. Its antioxidant properties have caused it to be widely used as a preservative in food, food packaging, animal feed, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, and petroleum products. BHA has been used in food since around 1947.

Rancidification is the process of complete or incomplete autoxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, moisture, or bacterial action, producing short-chain aldehydes, ketones and free fatty acids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gallic acid</span> 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid

Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C6H2(OH)3CO2H. It is classified as a phenolic acid. It is found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. It is a white solid, although samples are typically brown owing to partial oxidation. Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed "gallates".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flavonoid</span> Class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites

Flavonoids are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants, and thus commonly consumed in the diets of humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethoxyquin</span> Chemical compound

Ethoxyquin (EMQ) is a quinoline-based antioxidant used as a food preservative in certain countries and originally to control scald on pears after harvest. It is used as a preservative in some pet foods to slow the development of rancidity of fats. Ethoxyquin is also used in some spices to prevent color loss due to oxidation of the natural carotenoid pigments.

2,4-Dimethyl-6-<i>tert</i>-butylphenol Chemical compound

2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol is the organic compound with the formula Me2(tert-Bu)C6H2OH (Me = methyl, tert-Bu = tertiary butyl). It is a colorless oil that is classified as an alkylated phenol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Propyl gallate</span> Chemical compound

Propyl gallate, or propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is an ester formed by the condensation of gallic acid and propanol. Since 1948, this antioxidant has been added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation. As a food additive, it is used under the E number E310.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Octyl acetate</span> Chemical compound

Octyl acetate, or octyl ethanoate, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)7O2CCH3. It is classified as an ester that is formed from 1-octanol (octyl alcohol) and acetic acid. It is found in oranges, grapefruits, and other citrus products.

<i>tert</i>-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound

tert-Butylhydroquinone is a synthetic aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol. It is a derivative of hydroquinone, substituted with a tert-butyl group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dodecyl gallate</span> Chemical compound

Dodecyl gallate, or lauryl gallate, is the ester of dodecanol and gallic acid. As a food additive it is used under the E number E312 as an antioxidant and preservative.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethyl gallate</span> Chemical compound

Ethyl gallate is a food additive with E number E313. It is the ethyl ester of gallic acid. Ethyl gallate is added to food as an antioxidant.

The molecular formula C15H22O5 (molar mass: 282.33 g/mol) may refer to:

A gallotannin is any of a class of molecules belonging to the hydrolysable tannins. Gallotannins are polymers formed when gallic acid, a polyphenol monomer, esterifies and binds with the hydroxyl group of a polyol carbohydrate such as glucose.

Warmed-over flavor is an unpleasant characteristic usually associated with meat which has been cooked and then refrigerated. The deterioration of meat flavor is most noticeable upon reheating. As cooking and subsequent refrigeration is the case with most convenience foods containing meat, it is a significant challenge to the processed food industry. The flavor is variously described as "rancid," "stale," and like "cardboard," and even compared to "damp dog hair." Warmed-over flavor is caused by the oxidative decomposition of lipids in the meat into chemicals which have an unpleasant taste or odor. This decomposition process begins after cooking or processing and is aided by the release of naturally occurring iron in the meat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phenolic content in tea</span> Natural plant compounds

The phenolic content in tea refers to the phenols and polyphenols, natural plant compounds which are found in tea. These chemical compounds affect the flavor and mouthfeel of tea. Polyphenols in tea include catechins, theaflavins, tannins, and flavonoids.

References

  1. 1 2 Octyl gallate at chemicalland21.com