One-Eyed Jacks

Last updated

One-Eyed Jacks
One-Eyed Jacks (1959 poster).jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by Marlon Brando
Screenplay by
Based onThe Authentic Death of Hendry Jones
by Charles Neider
Produced by Frank P. Rosenberg
Starring
Cinematography Charles Lang
Edited byArchie Marshek
Music by Hugo Friedhofer
Color process Technicolor
Production
company
Pennebaker Productions
Distributed by Paramount Pictures
Release date
  • March 30, 1961 (1961-03-30)(New York City) [1]
Running time
141 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguagesEnglish
Spanish
Budget$6 million [2] [3]
Box office$4.3 million (US/Canada rentals) [4]

One-Eyed Jacks is a 1961 American Western film directed by and starring Marlon Brando, his only directorial credit. Brando portrays the lead character Rio, and Karl Malden plays his partner, "Dad" Longworth. The supporting cast features Pina Pellicer, Katy Jurado, Ben Johnson and Slim Pickens. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. [5]

Contents

Plot

One-Eyed Jacks 1961 (15).jpg
One-Eyed Jacks 1961 (11).jpg
Pina Pellicer with Marlon Brando (top) and Katy Jurado (bottom)

Rio, his mentor Dad Longworth, and a third man called Doc rob a bank of two saddlebags of gold in Sonora, Mexico, in 1880. Mexican rurales (mounted police) catch them celebrating in a cantina and kill Doc. Dad and Rio escape, but Dad leaves Rio to be taken by the rurales. Rio is arrested and spends five hard years in a Sonora prison. He escapes and travels to Monterey, California, where Dad has become sheriff. Rio plans to kill Dad and rob the bank in Monterey with his new partners Chico Modesto, Harvey Johnson and Bob Emory.

Plans are sidetracked when Rio falls in love with Dad's beautiful stepdaughter, Louisa. Rio takes advantage of a fiesta (festival) to spend the night with her on the beach. Dad tries to punish Louisa for what happened, but backs down after intervention by his wife, Maria. Instead, he traps Rio, whips him in public, and smashes his gun hand to make sure Rio will never be able to beat him in a gunfight. While recovering from his wounds, Rio struggles with his conflicting desires to love the girl and to get revenge on her stepfather. He decides to forgo vengeance, fetch Louisa, and leave town.

Emory and Johnson kill Chico and pull off the bank job without Rio's knowledge. The heist goes wrong and a young girl is killed. Dad accuses Rio of the crime. Dad has one last private talk with Rio, again attempting to absolve himself for all he has done. Rio replies, "You're a one-eyed jack around here, Dad, but I've seen the other side of your face". Rio tells him he had been imprisoned for the last five years, but Dad calls it a lie.

Louisa (Pina Pellicer) visits Rio (Marlon Brando) in jail One-Eyed Jacks 1961 (1).jpg
Louisa (Pina Pellicer) visits Rio (Marlon Brando) in jail

Louisa visits Rio in jail to tell him she is going to have his baby. He is then beaten by sadistic deputy Lon Dedrick, who desired and has been denied Louisa's affection. Maria confronts Dad and insists on being told the truth about the relationship between him and Rio, stating she knew something was wrong since the moment Rio arrived. She says she knows Dad wants to hang him purely out of guilt. Dad tells her she has no appreciation for everything he has done for her.

Louisa attempts to smuggle a Derringer to Rio, but she is discovered by Dedrick, who carries her out of the jail, leaving the gun on a table. While they are out, Rio is able to get hold of the pistol. Pointing the unloaded gun at Dedrick when he returns, Rio bluffs his way out of jail in a tense confrontation. Rio takes Dedrick's revolver, beats him unconscious, and locks him in a cell. As Rio is making his escape, he is spotted by Dad, riding into town. Under fire, in the final showdown Rio shoots Dad dead.

Rio and Louisa ride out to the dunes and say a sentimental farewell. Now a hunted man, Rio tells Louisa that he might go to Oregon, but will return for her in the spring.

Cast

Adaptation and development

Rod Serling, creator of The Twilight Zone television series, wrote an adaptation of the 1956 novel The Authentic Death of Hendry Jones by Charles Neider, at the request of producer Frank P. Rosenberg. The book was a fictional treatment of the familiar Billy the Kid story, relocated from New Mexico to the Monterey Peninsula in California. The adaptation was rejected.

Rosenberg next hired Sam Peckinpah, who finished his first script on 11 November 1957. Marlon Brando's Pennebaker Productions had paid $40,000 for the rights to Authentic Death and then signed a contract with Stanley Kubrick to direct for Paramount Pictures. Kubrick stepped down from directing the film in November 1958 just two weeks before starting production, reportedly to get Lolita into production. [6] [7] Malden was offered the directorial role but declined and Brando volunteered to direct instead. [8] Peckinpah handed in a revised screenplay on 6 May 1959. Brando later fired Peckinpah and hired Calder Willingham to further revise the film's script, but he too was eventually fired. Guy Trosper was brought on as a final replacement.

The movie ultimately bore little resemblance to the Neider novel. At various times, the two credited screenwriters and the uncredited Peckinpah have claimed (or had claimed for them) a majority of the responsibility for the film. When Karl Malden was asked who really wrote the story, he said: "There is one answer to your question—Marlon Brando, a genius in our time." [9]

Production

Pina Pellicer and Marlon Brando behind the scenes of the film Pina Pellicer and Marlon Brando publicity photo (1961).jpg
Pina Pellicer and Marlon Brando behind the scenes of the film

Spencer Tracy was Stanley Kubrick's preference for the role of Dad Longworth, but Marlon Brando had already given the role to his friend Karl Malden, who was on the payroll of his personal production company, Pennebaker Inc. The movie went vastly over its $2 million budget, which was blamed on Brando's perfectionism as a director. Scheduled for a three-month shoot, principal photography on One Eyed Jacks took six months at a cost $6 million, while Brando shot 1 million feet (304,800 meters) of film. [10] Shooting began in 1958, but the film was not released until 1961.

Brando had shot and printed a total of five hours of additional footage, which made the editing process long and laborious; some of the unused footage was later destroyed. Later, other directors worked on the rest of the film after Brando walked away from the production. [2] He did not direct another film in his later years, but he did continue to act. In a 1975 Rolling Stone interview, Brando said of directing, "You work yourself to death. You're the first one up in the morning... I mean, we shot that thing on the run, you know, you make up the dialogue the scene before, improvising, and your brain is going crazy". [11]

The film was Paramount Pictures' last feature released in VistaVision. Cinematographer Charles Lang received an Academy Award nomination in the Best Cinematography, Color category that year. Upon release, it made little money, leading to a string of unsuccessful films for Brando. It was filmed at Pebble Beach and Pfeiffer Beach. [12]

Release

The film was released on March 30, 1961, in New York City. [1] The film was selected for screening as part of the Cannes Classics section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. [13] The Cannes screening was that of a 4K restoration supervised by Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, and The Film Foundation. [14]

Critical reception

One-Eyed Jacks received mixed reviews from critics. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 61% approval rating based on 18 reviews, with an average rating of 6.3/10. [15]

Bosley Crowther of The New York Times , favorably influenced by Brando's efforts, noted: "Directed and played with the kind of vicious style that Mr. Brando has put into so many of his skulking, scabrous roles. Realism is redolent in them, as it is in many details of the film. But, at the same time, it is curiously surrounded by elements of creamed-cliché romance and a kind of pictorial extravagance that you usually see in South Sea island films." [1]

Variety , on the other hand, wrote: "It is an oddity of this film that both its strength and its weakness lie in the area of characterization. Brando's concept calls, above all, for depth of character, for human figures endowed with overlapping good and bad sides to their nature." [16] Dave Kehr of The Chicago Reader wrote: "There is a strong Freudian pull to the situation (the partner's name is "Dad") that is more ritualized than dramatized: the most memorable scenes have a fierce masochistic intensity, as if Brando were taking the opportunity to punish himself for some unknown crime." [17]

Promotional photograph for the film featuring main stars, Pina Pellicer and Marlon Brando Pina Pellicer and Marlon Brando publicity photo One-Eyed Jacks (1961).jpg
Promotional photograph for the film featuring main stars, Pina Pellicer and Marlon Brando

One-Eyed Jacks is the name of a brothel in the TV series Twin Peaks created by David Lynch and Mark Frost. The film is mentioned in dialogue between characters Donna Hayward and Audrey Horne. Horne asks Hayward if she has heard of "One-Eyed Jacks" and Hayward responds, "Isn't that that Western with Marlon Brando?". [18]

A short loop from the film plays on a cinema screen during a story mission in Cyberpunk 2077 .[ citation needed ]

Home media and restoration

The film fell into the public domain and for years was only available via numerous low-quality budget reissues on VHS and DVD, along with the occasional official release by Paramount Home Video. In 2016, work was completed on a "New 4K digital restoration, undertaken by Universal Pictures in partnership with The Film Foundation and in consultation with filmmakers Martin Scorsese and Steven Spielberg". [19] This restoration was issued on Blu-ray and DVD in November 2016 by the Criterion Collection in the US, and in June 2017 by Arrow Video in the UK.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marlon Brando</span> American actor (1924–2004)

Marlon Brando Jr. was an American actor. He received numerous accolades throughout his career, which spanned six decades, including two Academy Awards, three British Academy Film Awards, a Cannes Film Festival Award, two Golden Globe Awards, and a Primetime Emmy Award. Brando is credited with being one of the first actors to bring the Stanislavski system of acting and method acting to mainstream audiences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stanley Kubrick</span> American filmmaker (1928–1999)

Stanley Kubrick was an American film director, screenwriter, producer, and photographer. Widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of all time, his films were nearly all adaptations of novels or short stories, spanning a number of genres and gaining recognition for their intense attention to detail, innovative cinematography, extensive set design, and dark humor.

<i>On the Waterfront</i> 1954 film by Elia Kazan

On the Waterfront is a 1954 American crime drama film, directed by Elia Kazan and written by Budd Schulberg. It stars Marlon Brando, and features Karl Malden, Lee J. Cobb, Rod Steiger, Pat Henning and Eva Marie Saint in her film debut. The musical score was composed by Leonard Bernstein. The black-and-white film was inspired by "Crime on the Waterfront" by Malcolm Johnson, a series of articles published in November–December 1948 in the New York Sun which won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, but the screenplay by Budd Schulberg is directly based on his own original story. The film focuses on union violence and corruption among longshoremen, while detailing widespread corruption, extortion, and racketeering on the waterfronts of Hoboken, New Jersey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slim Pickens</span> American rodeo performer and actor (1919–1983)

Louis Burton Lindley Jr., better known by his stage name Slim Pickens, was an American actor and rodeo performer. Starting off in the rodeo, Pickens took up acting, and appeared in dozens of movies and TV shows. For much of his career, Pickens played cowboy roles. He played comic roles in Dr. Strangelove, Blazing Saddles, 1941, and his villainous turn in One-Eyed Jacks with Marlon Brando.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Katy Jurado</span> Mexican actress (1924–2002)

María Cristina Estela Marcela Jurado García, known professionally as Katy Jurado, was a Mexican actress.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eva Marie Saint</span> American actress (born 1924)

Eva Marie Saint is an American retired actress of film, theatre, radio and television. In a career that spanned nearly 80 years, she won an Academy Award and a Primetime Emmy Award, alongside nominations for a Golden Globe Award and two British Academy Film Awards. Saint is the oldest living and earliest surviving Academy Award-winner, and one of the last living stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Malden</span> American actor (1912–2009)

Karl Malden was an American stage, movie and television actor who first achieved acclaim in the original Broadway productions of Arthur Miller's All My Sons and Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire in 1946 and 1947. Recreating the role of Mitch in the 1951 film of Streetcar, he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

<i>The Missouri Breaks</i> 1976 film by Arthur Penn

The Missouri Breaks is a 1976 American Western film starring Marlon Brando and Jack Nicholson. The film was directed by Arthur Penn, with supporting performances by Randy Quaid, Harry Dean Stanton, Frederic Forrest, John McLiam, and Kathleen Lloyd in her film debut. The score was composed by John Williams.

<i>William Shakespeares Julius Caesar</i> 1953 Shakespearean film by Joseph L. Mankiewicz

Julius Caesar is a 1953 American film adaptation of the Shakespearean play, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and produced by John Houseman for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It stars Marlon Brando as Mark Antony, James Mason as Brutus, Louis Calhern as Caesar, John Gielgud as Cassius, Edmond O'Brien as Casca, Greer Garson as Calpurnia, and Deborah Kerr as Portia.

<i>A Streetcar Named Desire</i> (1951 film) 1951 film by Elia Kazan

A Streetcar Named Desire is a 1951 American Southern Gothic drama film adapted from Tennessee Williams's Pulitzer Prize-winning play of the same name. It is directed by Elia Kazan, and stars Vivien Leigh, Marlon Brando, Kim Hunter, and Karl Malden. The film tells the story of a Mississippi Southern belle, Blanche DuBois (Leigh), who, after encountering a series of personal losses, seeks refuge with her sister (Hunter) and brother-in-law (Brando) in a dilapidated New Orleans apartment building. The original Broadway production and cast was converted to film, albeit with several changes and sanitizations related to censorship.

Elliott Kastner was an American film producer, whose best known credits include Where Eagles Dare (1968), The Long Goodbye (1973), The Missouri Breaks (1976), and Angel Heart (1987).

<i>Mutiny on the Bounty</i> (1962 film) 1962 film by Carol Reed, Lewis Milestone

Mutiny on the Bounty is a 1962 American Technicolor epic historical drama film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, directed by Lewis Milestone and starring Marlon Brando, Trevor Howard, Richard Harris, Hugh Griffith, Richard Haydn and Tarita in her only role. The screenplay was written by Charles Lederer, based on the novel Mutiny on the Bounty by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall. Bronisław Kaper composed the score.

Calder Baynard Willingham Jr. was an American novelist and screenwriter.

Truckline Cafe was the title of a 1946 Broadway play written by Maxwell Anderson, directed by Harold Clurman, produced by Elia Kazan, and starring Marlon Brando and Karl Malden. The short-lived play ran only 10 performances and is best remembered today for the fact that each night Brando would run up and down a flight of stairs prior to an entrance to induce an effectively frenzied demeanor for one of the scenes. The cast also included David Manners, to whom Brando has attributed much of his subsequent success, and Kevin McCarthy. The play is noted for Brando's first major appearance on Broadway, during which he garnered attention for an unusually intense performance which presaged his later work on A Streetcar Named Desire. Truckline Cafe is also notable for being the first collaboration between Brando and Kazan, who later made A Streetcar Named Desire, Viva Zapata, and On the Waterfront together. The play also remains notable for being the first time Brando and Malden worked together, prior to co-starring in A Streetcar Named Desire, On the Waterfront, and One Eyed Jacks.

<i>The Fugitive Kind</i> 1960 film by Sidney Lumet

The Fugitive Kind is a 1960 American drama film starring Marlon Brando, Anna Magnani, and Joanne Woodward, directed by Sidney Lumet. The screenplay by Meade Roberts and Tennessee Williams was based on the latter's 1957 play Orpheus Descending, itself a revision of his 1940 work Battle of Angels, which closed after its Boston tryout. Frank Thompson designed the costumes for the film.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pina Pellicer</span> Mexican actress (1934–1964)

Josefina Yolanda "Pina" Pellicer López de Llergo was a Mexican actress known in her country for portraying the female lead in Macario (1960), and in the United States as Louisa alongside Marlon Brando in the Brando-directed movie One-Eyed Jacks (1961).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jack Nicholson</span> American actor and filmmaker (born 1937)

John Joseph Nicholson is an American retired actor and filmmaker. Nicholson is widely regarded as one of the greatest actors of the 20th century. Throughout his five-decade career he received numerous accolades, including three Academy Awards, three BAFTA Film Awards, six Golden Globe Awards, and a Grammy Award. He also received the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award in 1994 and the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. In many of his films, he played rebels against the social structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stanley Kubrick's unrealized projects</span> Films that were not made

The following is a list of unproduced Stanley Kubrick projects in roughly chronological order. During his long career, American film director Stanley Kubrick had worked on a number of projects which never progressed beyond the pre-production stage under his direction. Some of these projects fell into development hell or are officially cancelled.

Charles Neider was an American writer, known for editing the Autobiography of Mark Twain and authoring literary impressions of Antarctica.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Crowther, Bosley (March 31, 1961). "One Eyed Jacks - Screen: Brando Stars and Directs:'One Eyed Jacks' in Premiere at Capitol". The New York Times. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  2. 1 2 "One-Eyed Jacks". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  3. "Film Biz in a Word: Chancy". Variety . July 5, 1961. p. 3.
  4. "All-Time Top Grossers". Variety. January 8, 1964. p. 69.
  5. "'"Jurassic Park," "The Shining," "My Fair Lady" among latest additions to National Film Registry". CBS News. December 12, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  6. Bernstein, Jeremy. "Stanley Kubrick 1966 Interview". YouTube. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  7. "Kubrick Quits Brando 'Jacks'". Daily Variety . November 20, 1958. p. 1.
  8. Archerd, Army (November 20, 1958). "Just For Variety". Daily Variety . p. 2.
  9. Mitchner, Stuart (July 8, 2009). "Karl Malden and Marlon Brando in One-Eyed Jacks: "We Had the Very Best of Each Other"". Princeton, New Jersey: Town Topics . Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  10. Hampton, Howard. "One-Eyed Jacks: Zen Nihilism". criterion.com. Criterion Collection.
  11. Baxter, John (1997). Stanley Kubrick: A Biography. HarperCollins. p. 122. ISBN   978-0-00-638445-8.
  12. "ONE-EYED JACKS". Montery County Film Commission. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  13. "Cannes Classics 2016". Cannes Film Festival. April 20, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  14. Universal Pictures. "Universal Pictures and The Film Foundation restore Marlon Brando's One-Eyed Jacks for Cannes Film Festival world premiere". Prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  15. "One-Eyed Jacks - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved June 20, 2021.
  16. "Review: 'One-Eyed Jacks'". Variety. 1961. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  17. Kehr, Dave (October 25, 1985). "One-Eyed Jacks". Chicago: Chicago Reader. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  18. Armour, Philip (2011). The 100 Greatest Western Movies of All Time. Globe Pequot. p. 162. ISBN   978-0762769377 . Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  19. "Criterion Collection: One-Eyed Jacks". criterion.com. Retrieved January 25, 2017.