National Film Registry

Last updated

National Film Registry
Company typeFilm preservation
Industry Archiving
Founded
Founder United States Congress   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Parent Library of Congress
Website loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry

The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each selected for its historical, cultural and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988. [1] [2]

Contents

History

Throughout the 1980s, several prominent filmmakers and industry personalities in the United States, such as Frank Capra and Martin Scorsese, advocated for Congress to enact a film preservation bill in order to avoid commercial modifications (such as pan and scan and editing for TV) of classic films, which they saw as negative. In response to the controversy over the colorization of originally black and white films in the decade specifically, Representatives Robert J. Mrazek and Sidney R. Yates introduced the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, which established the National Film Registry, its purpose, and the criteria for selecting films for preservation. [3] The Act was passed and the NFR's mission was subsequently reauthorized by further acts of Congress in 1992, 1996, 2005, 2008, and 2016. [4] [5] [6] [7] The National Film Preservation Board's mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, and increased public availability of America's film heritage. [8] The 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector. [9]

Selection criteria

Taken together, the ... films in the National Film Registry represent a stunning range of American filmmaking—including Hollywood features, documentaries, avant-garde and amateur productions, films of regional interest, ethnic, animated, and short film subjects—all deserving recognition, preservation and access by future generations. As we begin this new millennium, the registry stands among the finest summations of American cinema's wondrous first century.

—Doctor James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress. [10]

The NFPB adds to the NFR up to 25 "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant films" each year in December, showcasing the range and diversity of American film heritage to increase awareness for its preservation. [10] A film becomes eligible for inclusion ten years after its original release. [11] For the first selection in 1989, the public nominated almost 1,000 films for consideration. Members of the NFPB then developed individual ballots of possible films for inclusion. The ballots were tabulated into a list of 25 films that was then modified by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and his staff at the Library for the final selection. [10] Since 1997, members of the public have been able to nominate up to 50 films a year for the NFPB and Librarian to consider, [12] with an August submission deadline.

The NFR includes films ranging from Hollywood classics to orphan films. [13] A film is not required to be feature-length, nor is it required to have been theatrically released in the traditional sense. The Registry contains newsreels, silent films, student films, experimental films, short films, music videos, films out of copyright protection or in the public domain, film serials, home movies, documentaries, animation and independent films. As of the 2024 listing, there are 900 films in the Registry.

Films

Notes

  1. Numbers 1–5, 7, and 10
  2. A serial of fourteen short films
  3. A serial of thirteen short films
  4. Remade at least 25 times; the NFR entry encompasses all versions
  5. Heretic, Frontier, Lamentation, and Appalachian Spring
  6. A series of seven short films
  7. A serial of twenty short films
  8. A series of eight short films
  9. Not released until 1952
  10. A collection of twenty-one short films
  11. A series of seven feature films

Number of films by release year

As of the 2024 induction there are 900 total films. For purposes of this list, multi-year serials are counted only once (as they are in the Registry) by year of completion.

Year of releaseNumber of films
18911
18931
18941
18951
18962
18971
18981
19012
19021
19033
19041
19051
19063
19093
19102
19111
19125
19136
191410
19156
19166
19175
19183
19194
19208
19214
19226
19232
19247
192511
19268
192710
192818
19298
19308
19319
193210
193316
19349
19356
193612
193711
193810
193920
194018
194110
194212
19437
194413
194511
194611
19475
19489
19497
19509
195112
19526
195316
195410
195510
195610
195716
19585
195913
19607
19618
19629
196311
196411
19653
19667
196714
196815
196914
197012
197117
197213
197311
19749
197511
197613
19778
19789
197914
198010
19813
198211
19836
198412
19853
19869
19873
19888
19899
19907
19916
19924
19934
19948
19953
19962
19975
19984
19993
20002
20013
20022
20031
20041
20051
20061
20071
20084
20102
20111
20132
Unknown3

Age of Registry selections

The oldest film in the registry, Newark Athlete , was released in 1891, while the most recent, 12 Years a Slave and 20 Feet from Stardom , were each released in 2013.

Time span from release to selection

Released in 1898, and selected in December 2022, Mardi Gras Carnival experienced the longest wait, at 124 years (considering the fact that the film was already almost a century old before the Registry was even established, the "wait" was technically only 33 years), while Raging Bull , released theatrically in the United States on December 19, 1980, and inducted in October 1990, holds the record for the shortest delay, having been inducted slightly shy of the 10-year minimum. [29] Only nine films have been inducted at the 10-year mark: Raging Bull , Do the Right Thing , [53] Goodfellas , [54] Toy Story , [55] Fargo , [56] 13 Lakes , [57] Freedom Riders , [58] 12 Years a Slave and 20 Feet from Stardom . [59]

Directors with multiple entries (two or more)

Academy Award-winning director John Ford has the most entries with 11 films. John Ford 1946.jpg
Academy Award–winning director John Ford has the most entries with 11 films.
Master of Suspense Alfred Hitchcock, responsible for inductees ranging from the 1940 Academy Award for Best Picture winner Rebecca to 1963's The Birds. Hitchcock, Alfred 02.jpg
Master of Suspense Alfred Hitchcock, responsible for inductees ranging from the 1940 Academy Award for Best Picture winner Rebecca to 1963's The Birds .
Orson Welles, acclaimed filmmaker behind inductees Citizen Kane (1941), The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), The Lady from Shanghai (1948) and Touch of Evil (1958). Welles-Magnificent-Ambersons-Pub-A16.jpg
Orson Welles, acclaimed filmmaker behind inductees Citizen Kane (1941), The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), The Lady from Shanghai (1948) and Touch of Evil (1958).
Stanley Kubrick, master auteur responsible for inductees ranging from 1957's Paths of Glory to his 1980 adaptation of Stephen King's The Shining. Stanley Kubrick in Dr. Strangelove Trailer (4) Cropped.jpg
Stanley Kubrick, master auteur responsible for inductees ranging from 1957's Paths of Glory to his 1980 adaptation of Stephen King's The Shining .
Aside from animated shorts/features by producer Walt Disney alongside multiple directors, animator Dave Fleischer has the most animated titles on the Registry with four (some featuring timeless characters Koko the Clown, Betty Boop and Popeye). Dave Fleischer - Motion Picture Herald, Feb 3 1940 page 29 (cropped).jpg
Aside from animated shorts/features by producer Walt Disney alongside multiple directors, animator Dave Fleischer has the most animated titles on the Registry with four (some featuring timeless characters Koko the Clown, Betty Boop and Popeye).

Reference: [60]

See also

Related Research Articles

The United States National Film Preservation Board (NFPB) is the board selecting films for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry. It was established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988. The National Film Registry is meant to preserve up to 25 "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant films" each year; to be eligible, films must be at least 10 years old. Members of the Board also advise the Librarian of Congress on ongoing development and implementation of the national film preservation plan.

<i>The Living Desert</i> 1953 documentary film by James Algar

The Living Desert is a 1953 American nature documentary film that shows the everyday lives of the animals of the desert of the Southwestern United States. The film was written by James Algar, Winston Hibler, Jack Moffitt (uncredited) and Ted Sears. It was directed by Algar, with Hibler as the narrator and was filmed in Tucson, Arizona. The film won the 1953 Oscar for Best Documentary.

<i>This Is Cinerama</i> 1952 American documentary film

This Is Cinerama is a 1952 American documentary film directed by Mike Todd, Michael Todd Jr., Walter A. Thompson and Fred Rickey and starring Lowell Thomas. It is designed to introduce the widescreen process Cinerama, which broadens the aspect ratio so that the viewer's peripheral vision is involved. This Is Cinerama premiered on September 30, 1952, at the Broadway Theatre in New York City.

<i>Dumbo</i> 1941 American animated film produced by Walt Disney

Dumbo is a 1941 American animated fantasy drama film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The film is based upon the storyline written by Helen Aberson and Harold Pearl, and illustrated by Helen Durney for the prototype of a novelty toy ("Roll-a-Book").

<i>Pinocchio</i> (1940 film) American animated musical fantasy film

Pinocchio is a 1940 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Loosely based on Carlo Collodi's 1883 Italian children's novel The Adventures of Pinocchio, it is the studio's second animated feature film, as well as the third animated film overall produced by an American film studio, after Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) and Fleischer Studios' Gulliver's Travels (1939). With the voices of Cliff Edwards, Dickie Jones, Christian Rub, Walter Catlett, Charles Judels, Evelyn Venable, and Frankie Darro, the film follows a wooden puppet, Pinocchio, who is created by an old woodcarver, Geppetto, and brought to life by a blue fairy. Wishing to become a real boy, Pinocchio must prove himself to be "brave, truthful, and unselfish." Along his journey, Pinocchio encounters several characters representing the temptations and consequences of wrongdoing, as a cricket named Jiminy, who takes the role of Pinocchio's conscience, attempts to guide him in matters of right and wrong.

<i>Cinderella</i> (1950 film) 1950 Disney animated feature film

Cinderella is a 1950 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on Charles Perrault's 1697 fairy tale, it features supervision by Ben Sharpsteen. The film was directed by Wilfred Jackson, Hamilton Luske, and Clyde Geronimi. The film features the voices of Ilene Woods, Eleanor Audley, Verna Felton, Rhoda Williams, James MacDonald, and Luis van Rooten.

<i>Bambi</i> 1942 animated Disney film

Bambi is a 1942 American animated drama film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Loosely based on Felix Salten's 1923 novel Bambi, a Life in the Woods, the production was supervised by David D. Hand, and was directed by a team of sequence directors, including James Algar, Bill Roberts, Norman Wright, Sam Armstrong, Paul Satterfield, and Graham Heid.

<i>The House I Live In</i> (1945 film) 1945 film by Mervyn LeRoy

The House I Live In is a ten-minute short film written by Albert Maltz, produced by Frank Ross and Mervyn LeRoy, and starring Frank Sinatra. Made to oppose anti-Semitism at the end of World War II, it received an Honorary Academy Award and a special Golden Globe Award in 1946.

<i>Duck and Cover</i> (film) Childrens nuclear defence film by Anthony Rizzo (1951)

Duck and Cover is a 1952 American civil defense animated and live action social guidance film that is often mischaracterized as propaganda. It has similar themes to the more adult-oriented civil defense training films. It was widely distributed to United States schoolchildren in the 1950s, and teaches students what to do in the event of a nuclear explosion.

<i>An American in Paris</i> (film) 1951 film by Vincente Minnelli

An American in Paris is a 1951 American musical romantic comedy film inspired by the 1928 jazz-influenced symphonic poem An American in Paris by George Gershwin. Starring Gene Kelly, Leslie Caron, Oscar Levant, Georges Guétary, and Nina Foch, the film is set in Paris, and was directed by Vincente Minnelli from a script by Alan Jay Lerner. The music is by George Gershwin, with lyrics by his brother Ira, with additional music by Johnny Green, and Saul Chaplin, the music directors.

Disney Time is a television series that ran in the UK on the BBC, and also ITV at one point between 1961 and 1998. It was a regular holiday schedule filler. Clips of Disney films were introduced by celebrity hosts, which over the years included Paul and Linda McCartney, Noel Edmonds, Sarah Greene, Doctor Who's Tom Baker, The Goodies and Phillip Schofield.

<i>The Old Mill</i> 1937 American film

The Old Mill is a Silly Symphonies cartoon produced by Walt Disney Productions, directed by Wilfred Jackson, scored by Leigh Harline, and released theatrically to theatres by RKO Radio Pictures on November 5, 1937. The film depicts the natural community of animals populating an old abandoned windmill in the country, and how they deal with a severe summer thunderstorm that nearly destroys their habitat. It incorporates the song "One Day When We Were Young" from Johann Strauss II's operetta The Gypsy Baron.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walt Disney Classics</span> Series of VHS releases of Disney movies

Walt Disney Classics was a video line launched by WDTNT to release Disney animated features on home video. The first title in the "Classics" line was Robin Hood which was released towards the end of 1984. This was followed by 19 other titles until early 1994, with The Fox and the Hound. Disney followed up on the "Classics" series by porting over the released titles to the "Masterpiece Collection" line, while continuing to use the "Classics" moniker in countries outside North America until 2007. Starting in the 2010s these videocassettes also dubbed "Black Diamond" became highly sought-after due to a public misconception about their rarity and actual value.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Recording Registry</span> List of sound recordings preserved in the U.S. Library of Congress

The National Recording Registry is a list of sound recordings that "are culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant, and inform or reflect life in the United States." The registry was established by the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000, which created the National Recording Preservation Board, whose members are appointed by the Librarian of Congress. The recordings preserved in the United States National Recording Registry form a registry of recordings selected yearly by the National Recording Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress.

Don Towsley was an animator working at Walt Disney Animation Studios, and later at MGM and Filmation.

The National Film Preservation Act is the name of several federal laws relating to the identification, acquisition, storage, and dissemination of "films that are culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."

Ambrozi "Amby" Paliwoda was an American animator, character designer, and layout artist, best known for his extensive work with Walt Disney Animation Studios. He contributed to numerous classic films, including Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Fantasia (1940), Cinderella (1950), and Sleeping Beauty (1959).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charlie Chaplin filmography</span>

(Sir) Charlie Chaplin (KBE) (1889–1977) was an English internationally renowned Academy Award-winning actor, comedian, filmmaker and composer who was best known for his career in Hollywood motion pictures from his debut in 1914 until 1952, he however subsequently appeared in two films in his native England. During his early years in the era of silent film, he rose to prominence as a worldwide cinematic idol renowned for his tramp persona. In the 1910s and 1920s, he was considered the most famous person on the planet.

Edward Holcomb Plumb was a film composer and orchestrator best known for his work at Walt Disney Studios. He served as musical director of Fantasia and orchestrated and co-composed the score for Bambi, and orchestrated and expanded the film's main composer Frank Churchill's menacing but simple three-note theme.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dennis Hopper filmography</span>

Dennis Hopper was an American actor, director, writer, film editor, photographer and artist. He made his first television appearance in 1955, and appeared in two films featuring James Dean, Rebel Without a Cause (1955) and Giant (1956). Over the next ten years, Hopper appeared frequently on television in guest roles, and by the end of the 1960s had played supporting roles in several films.

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