In the run-up to the Next Dutch general election, various organisations are carrying out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in the Netherlands. Results of such polls are displayed in this list.
The date range for these opinion polls are from the 2023 Dutch general election, held on 22 November, to the present. Four main pollsters have performed opinion polls on voting intentions in the Netherlands during this period, these being: I&O Research, Ipsos, Peil.nl and Verian. I&O Research and Ipsos merged in January of 2024, polling separately until July when they decided to poll together under the name Ipsos I&O [1] . Peil.nl does not give percentages, only showing seats while the other pollsters do include percentages.
The averages in the graphs below were constructed using polls listed below conducted by the four major Dutch pollsters. The trendlines show local regressions representing seat totals (not vote percentages).
There are 150 seats in total, 76 seats are needed for a majority. Parties are denoted with a dash if no indication is given of their level in the polls.
Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size | PVV | GL–PvdA | VVD | NSC | D66 | BBB | CDA | SP | Denk | PvdD | FvD | SGP | CU | Volt | JA21 | Lead | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verian | 24–28 Dec 2024 | 1,583 | 38 | 26 | 23 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 16 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 12 | [2] |
Peil.nl | 14 Dec 2024 | – | 35 | 25 | 20 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 | [3] |
Ipsos I&O | 6–9 Dec 2024 | 1,925 | 37 | 23 | 22 | 3 | 13 | 5 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 14 | [4] |
Verian | 22–25 Nov 2024 | 1,551 | 41 | 26 | 22 | 3 | 11 | 5 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 15 | [5] |
Peil.nl | 23 Nov 2024 | – | 38 | 25 | 19 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 13 | [6] |
Ipsos I&O | 9–11 Nov 2024 | 2,020 | 38 | 26 | 22 | 3 | 12 | 5 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 12 | [7] |
Peil.nl | 9 Nov 2024 | – | 38 | 25 | 19 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 13 | [8] |
Verian | 25–28 Oct 2024 | 1,604 | 39 | 24 | 23 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 15 | [9] |
Ipsos I&O | 18–21 Oct 2024 | 2,143 | 38 | 25 | 21 | 4 | 11 | 5 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 13 | [10] |
Peil.nl | 12 Oct 2024 | – | 37 | 26 | 20 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 11 | [11] |
Peil.nl | 28 Sep 2024 | – | 40 | 26 | 19 | 5 | 11 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 14 | [12] |
Ipsos I&O | 20–23 Sep 2024 | 1,950 | 41 | 25 | 18 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 16 | [13] |
Verian | 20–23 Sep 2024 | 1,607 | 41 | 27 | 23 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 14 | [14] |
Ipsos I&O | 13–16 Sep 2024 | 2,208 | 42 | 24 | 20 | 7 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 18 | [15] |
Peil.nl | 14 Sep 2024 | 5,000+ | 38 | 26 | 20 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 12 | [16] |
Verian | 23–26 Aug 2024 | 1,594 | 39 | 27 | 23 | 9 | 11 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 12 | [17] |
Ipsos | 26–29 Jul 2024 | 1,016 | 40 | 27 | 21 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 13 | [18] |
Peil.nl | 5–6 Jul 2024 | – | 38 | 25 | 19 | 8 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 13 | [19] |
The Schoof cabinet is sworn in | |||||||||||||||||||
Peil.nl | 28–29 Jun 2024 | – | 41 | 26 | 17 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 15 | [20] |
Ipsos | 21–24 Jun 2024 | 1,017 | 44 | 27 | 20 | 12 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 17 | [21] |
I&O Research | 14–17 Jun 2024 | 1,979 | 42 | 27 | 18 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 15 | [22] |
2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands | |||||||||||||||||||
Peil.nl | 5–6 Jun 2024 | – | 43 | 25 | 19 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 18 | [23] |
Peil.nl | 31 May – 1 Jun 2024 | – | 42 | 25 | 19 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 17 | [24] |
Ipsos | 24–27 May 2024 | 2,048 | 48 | 24 | 19 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 24 | [25] |
I&O Research | 17–21 May 2024 | 2,141 | 46 | 26 | 17 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 20 | [26] |
Peil.nl | 17–18 May 2024 | – | 45 | 25 | 18 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 20 | [27] |
I&O Research | 9–12 May 2024 | 1,839 | 47 | 26 | 18 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 21 | [28] |
Peil.nl | 3–4 May 2024 | – | 46 | 25 | 17 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 21 | [29] |
Ipsos | 26–29 Apr 2024 | 1,011 | 45 | 23 | 20 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 22 | [30] |
Peil.nl | 19 Apr 2024 | 8,500 | 50 | 25 | 15 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 25 | [31] |
Ipsos | 22–25 Mar 2024 | 1,016 | 49 | 24 | 20 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 25 | [32] |
Peil.nl | 22 Mar 2024 | – | 49 | 25 | 15 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 24 | [33] |
Peil.nl | 8 Mar 2024 | – | 49 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 24 | [33] |
Ipsos | 23–26 Feb 2024 | 1,022 | 49 | 25 | 19 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 24 | [34] |
I&O Research | 9–12 Feb 2024 | 2,752 | 49 | 25 | 17 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 24 | [35] |
Peil.nl | 9 Feb 2024 | 6,000 | 52 | 25 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 27 | [36] |
Peil.nl | 2–3 Feb 2024 | 4,500+ | 50 | 25 | 13 | 15 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 25 | [37] |
Ipsos | 26–29 Jan 2024 | 1,025 | 45 | 25 | 19 | 18 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 20 | [38] |
Peil.nl | 19–20 Jan 2024 | 5,500+ | 49 | 23 | 12 | 17 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 26 | [39] |
Peil.nl | 22 Dec 2023 | – | 48 | 22 | 13 | 18 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 26 | [40] |
Ipsos | 15–18 Dec 2023 | 1,052 | 47 | 22 | 18 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 25 | [41] |
Jimmy Dijk succeeds Lilian Marijnissen as SP leader [42] | |||||||||||||||||||
I&O Research | 8–11 Dec 2023 | 2,952 | 43 | 23 | 16 | 20 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 20 | [43] |
Peil.nl | 1–2 Dec 2023 | – | 42 | 22 | 16 | 19 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 20 | [44] |
2023 election | 22 Nov 2023 | – | 37 | 25 | 24 | 20 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 12 |
Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size | PVV | GL–PvdA | VVD | NSC | D66 | BBB | CDA | SP | Denk | PvdD | FvD | SGP | CU | Volt | JA21 | Others | Lead | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ipsos I&O | 6–9 Dec 2024 | 1,925 | 23.2% | 14.2% | 14.1% | 2.1% | 8.7% | 3.3% | 8.7% | 4.5% | 2.5% | 4.9% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 2.8% | 1.5% | – | 9.0% | [4] |
Verian | 22–25 Nov 2024 | 1,551 | 26.5% | 16.9% | 14.4% | 2.2% | 7.1% | 3.8% | 8.5% | 4.5% | 2.1% | 3.5% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 3.0% | 2.0% | 0.9% | – | 9.6% | [45] |
Ipsos I&O | 9–11 Nov 2024 | 2,020 | 23.7% | 16.2% | 13.9% | 2.3% | 7.6% | 3.7% | 7.3% | 5.2% | 2.7% | 4.8% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 0.8% | – | 7.5% | [46] |
Verian | 25–28 Oct 2024 | 1,604 | 25.6% | 15.5% | 14.7% | 2.8% | 6.9% | 4.6% | 7.8% | 3.9% | 3.1% | 5.0% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 2.8% | 2.1% | 1.0% | – | 10.1% | [47] |
Ipsos I&O | 18–21 Oct 2024 | 2,143 | 24.8% | 16.7% | 13.5% | 2.7% | 7.3% | 3.6% | 7.1% | 4.8% | 2.4% | 5.2% | 2.9% | 2.1% | 2.9% | 2.6% | 1.4% | – | 8.1% | [10] |
Ipsos I&O | 20–23 Sep 2024 | 1,950 | 25.9% | 16.1% | 11.8% | 4.0% | 6.9% | 3.8% | 7.4% | 3.8% | 2.6% | 5.0% | 3.0% | 2.3% | 2.5% | 3.4% | 1.4% | – | 9.8% | [13] |
Verian | 20–23 Sep 2024 | 1,607 | 26.7% | 17.5% | 15.0% | 2.0% | 5.9% | 4.9% | 7.0% | 4.1% | 2.2% | 3.6% | 2.6% | 2.1% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 0.8% | – | 9.2% | [48] |
Ipsos I&O | 13–16 Sep 2024 | 2,208 | 27.0% | 15.7% | 13.2% | 4.4% | 7.4% | 3.8% | 6.2% | 4.4% | 2.1% | 4.3% | 3.1% | 1.8% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 0.7% | – | 11.3% | [15] |
Verian | 23–26 Aug 2024 | 1,594 | 24.9% | 17.5% | 15.0% | 5.9% | 7.3% | 3.8% | 5.6% | 4.4% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 2.3% | 2.5% | 0.5% | – | 7.4% | [49] |
Ipsos | 26–29 Jul 2024 | 1,016 | 25.8% | 17.3% | 13.4% | 7.3% | 6.5% | 5.2% | 5.7% | 2.2% | 2.7% | 3.6% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 1.8% | 2.2% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 8.5% | [50] |
Ipsos | 21–24 Jun 2024 | 1,017 | 27.7% | 17.3% | 13.1% | 7.7% | 7.8% | 3.8% | 4.4% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 3.2% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 1.2% | 0.7% | 10.4% | [51] |
I&O Research | 14–17 Jun 2024 | 1,979 | 27.3% | 17.6% | 12.0% | 4.6% | 7.4% | 4.8% | 6.3% | 3.2% | 1.9% | 4.5% | 2.0% | 2.6% | 2.5% | 2.7% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 9.7% | [22] |
EP elections | 6 Jun 2024 | – | 16.97% | 21.09% | 11.35% | 3.75% | 8.40% | 5.41% | 9.45% | 2.20% | – | 4.52% | 2.49% | 3.66% | 2.89% | 5.13% | 0.65% | 2.04% | 4.12% | |
Peil.nl | 5–6 Jun 2024 | – | 26.7% | 16.0% | 12.3% | 5.2% | 6.6% | 5.3% | 6.6% | 3.4% | 2.2% | 3.2% | 2.8% | 2.4% | 2.0% | 2.7% | 1.0% | 1.6% | 10.7% | [52] |
Ipsos | 24–27 May 2024 | 2,048 | 30.5% | 15.2% | 12.1% | 7.2% | 6.8% | 5.0% | 4.1% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 4.2% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 1.9% | 2.0% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 15.3% | [53] |
I&O Research | 17–21 May 2024 | 2,141 | 29.6% | 16.6% | 11.5% | 5.7% | 6.7% | 4.6% | 4.8% | 3.5% | 2.0% | 3.3% | 2.2% | 2.8% | 2.7% | 2.8% | 0.8% | 0.3% | 14.0% | [26] |
I&O Research | 9–12 May 2024 | 1,839 | 30.0% | 16.7% | 11.8% | 5.1% | 6.4% | 4.1% | 4.9% | 3.6% | 1.8% | 3.7% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 3.1% | 0.8% | 0.3% | 14.5% | [28] |
Ipsos | 26–29 Apr 2024 | 1,011 | 28.7% | 14.7% | 12.7% | 7.4% | 6.9% | 5.5% | 3.6% | 2.9% | 2.8% | 3.6% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 1.9% | 1.6% | 1.2% | 0.9% | 14.0% | [54] |
Ipsos | 22–25 Mar 2024 | 1,016 | 31.1% | 15.6% | 12.6% | 7.0% | 6.6% | 4.2% | 4.1% | 2.8% | 2.3% | 3.1% | 2.3% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 1.7% | 1.3% | 0.8% | 15.5% | [55] |
Ipsos | 23–26 Feb 2024 | 1,022 | 31.1% | 15.9% | 12.4% | 7.0% | 7.0% | 5.4% | 4.3% | 2.2% | 3.1% | 2.9% | 2.1% | 2.4% | 1.5% | 1.1% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 15.2% | [56] |
I&O Research | 9–12 Feb 2024 | 2,752 | 31.0% | 16.5% | 11.1% | 6.3% | 6.3% | 4.5% | 4.5% | 3.2% | 1.8% | 3.2% | 2.2% | 2.6% | 2.5% | 3.0% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 14.5% | [35] |
Ipsos | 26–29 Jan 2024 | 1,025 | 28.4% | 16.0% | 12.2% | 11.9% | 6.9% | 4.2% | 3.4% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 3.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | 1.7% | 1.7% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 12.4% | [57] |
Ipsos | 15–18 Dec 2023 | 1,052 | 29.8% | 13.8% | 11.5% | 12.4% | 6.1% | 5.1% | 2.6% | 2.5% | 3.1% | 3.3% | 1.9% | 2.3% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 0.6% | 1.3% | 16.0% | [58] |
I&O Research | 8–11 Dec 2023 | 2,952 | 27.4% | 14.6% | 10.4% | 12.5% | 6.6% | 5.5% | 3.4% | 3.6% | 1.8% | 3.3% | 2.2% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.9% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 12.8% | [35] |
2023 election | 22 Nov 2023 | – | 23.49% | 15.75% | 15.14% | 12.88% | 6.29% | 4.65% | 3.31% | 3.15% | 2.37% | 2.25% | 2.23% | 2.08% | 2.04% | 1.71% | 0.68% | 1.88% | 7.74% |
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 22 November 2006, following the fall of the Second Balkenende cabinet. The election proved relatively successful for the governing Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) which remained the largest party with 41 seats, a loss of only three seats. The largest increase in seats was for the Socialist Party (SP), which went from nine to 25 seats. The main opposition party, the social democratic Labour Party (PvdA) lost nine of its 42 seats, while the right-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the progressive liberal Democrats 66 lost a considerable portion of their seats, six of 28 and three of six, respectively. New parties, such as the right-wing Party for Freedom (PVV) of former VVD MP Geert Wilders and the animal rights party Party for the Animals (PvdD) were also successful, with the PVV winning nine seats and the PvdD winning two, thereby becoming the first animal rights group to enter a European parliament.
General elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday 9 June 2010. This was triggered by the fall of Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende's fourth cabinet on 20 February with Queen Beatrix accepting the resignation of the Labour Party (PvdA) ministers on 23 February. The conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), led by Mark Rutte, won the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives while the social-democratic PvdA, led by Job Cohen, came a narrow second. The election was also noted for the rise of the Party for Freedom (PVV), which came third, led by controversial politician Geert Wilders. On the other hand, Balkenende's Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) saw a poor result, losing half its seats and dropping from first to fourth place. The Socialist Party (SP) also lost seats. Notably, the 31 seats won by the VVD was its most since 1998, and the one-seat margin between the VVD and PvdA is the closest on record.
Pieter Herman Omtzigt is a Dutch politician who has served as a member of the House of Representatives since 2003 apart from a short interruption between June and October 2010. He was member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), but left in 2021 and continued as independent. In August 2023, he founded a new party called New Social Contract, its name taken from his 2021 manifesto. Three months later, his party won 20 out of 150 seats in the 2023 Dutch general election.
General elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday 15 March 2017 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives.
Reinette Joanne Klever is a Dutch politician, asset manager and broadcaster. She has served as Minister for Foreign Trade and Development in the Schoof cabinet since July 2024, on behalf of the Party for Freedom (PVV).
VoorNederland was a Dutch political party. It was previously active in the House of Representatives of the Netherlands as the Group Bontes/Van Klaveren, a parliamentary group founded in April 2014. The parliamentary group was succeeded by a political party in May 2014. After failing to garner win a single seat in the 2017 general election, the party disbanded.
Dutch withdrawal from the European Union refers to the hypothesis that the Netherlands might withdraw from the European Union. The most recent opinion poll on the subject, in January 2020, showed a 33% minority favouring withdrawal.
In the run up to the 2017 general elections in the Netherlands, various organisations carry out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Netherlands. Results of such polls are displayed in this article.
In the run-up to the 2021 Dutch general election, various organisations are carrying out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in the Netherlands. Results of such polls are displayed in this list.
Municipal elections were held on 21 March 2018 in 335 municipalities in the Netherlands. This election determined the composition of the municipal councils for the following four years. The election coincided with the Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum.
The 2019 election to the Senate of the Netherlands was held on 27 May 2019, two months after the provincial elections.
In the run up to the 2024 Belgian federal election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Belgium. The results of nationwide polls are usually numerically split into the three Belgian regions: Flanders, Brussels and Wallonia. Federal seat projections for the Chamber of Representatives are presented together under these regional polls. The federal election was part of a group of elections which also include the regional elections and the European elections held on the same day. Some polls might be undefined voting intentions without differentiating between the elections.
An election of the Members of the European Parliament from the Netherlands was held on 23 May 2019. It was the ninth time such an election had been held in the Netherlands. The number of Dutch seats had been set to increase from 26 to 29 following Brexit, but due to the extension of the Article 50 process in the United Kingdom, the number of seats to be elected remained at 26.
The 2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands was held on 6 June 2024 as part of the 2024 European Parliament election. It was the tenth time the elections have been held for the European elections in the Netherlands, and the first to take place after Brexit.
The Farmer–Citizen Movement is an agrarian and right-wing populist political party in the Netherlands. It is headquartered in Deventer, Overijssel. The current party leader is founder Caroline van der Plas, who has led it since its creation in 2019.
Early general elections were held in the Netherlands on 22 November 2023 to elect the members of the House of Representatives. The elections had been expected to be held in 2025, but a snap election was called after the fourth Rutte cabinet collapsed on 7 July 2023 due to disagreements on immigration policy between the coalition parties. The incumbent Prime Minister Mark Rutte announced that he would not lead his party into the election and that he would retire from politics.
Municipal elections were held on 16 March 2022 in 333 municipalities in the Netherlands. This election determined the composition of the municipal councils for the following four years.
In the run-up to the 2023 Dutch general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in the Netherlands. Results of such polls are displayed in this list.
New Social Contract is a political party in the Netherlands founded and led by Pieter Omtzigt.
Following the Dutch general election of 22 November 2023, a process of cabinet formation was started, resulting in the formation of the Schoof cabinet on 2 July 2024, comprising the Party for Freedom (PVV), the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), New Social Contract (NSC) and the Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB). Despite intentions to form an extra-parliamentary cabinet, the cabinet is generally considered a parliamentary cabinet.