Osornophryne bufoniformis

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Osornophryne bufoniformis
Osornophryne bufoniformis female lateral view - ZooKeys-108-073-g011.jpg
Osornophryne bufoniformis male lateral view - ZooKeys-108-073-g010.jpg
Lateral view of the head of female (top) and male (bottom) O. bufoniformis
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Osornophryne
Species:
O. bufoniformis
Binomial name
Osornophryne bufoniformis
(Peracca, 1904)
Synonyms [2]

Atelopus bufoniformisPeracca, 1904

Osornophryne bufoniformis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the Andes of southern Colombia (Colombian Massif) and northern Ecuador. [1] [2] [3] [4] Common name Peracca's plump toad has been proposed for it, [2] [3] [5] in allusion to Mario Giacinto Peracca, the scientist who described this species in 1904. [5]

Contents

Description

Adult males measure 16–23 mm (0.6–0.9 in) and adult females 28–36 mm (1.1–1.4 in) in snout–vent length. [3] The occipital ridges are low or absent. [6] The limbs are short and thin. The fingers and the toes have fleshy webbing. [3] The dorsum is covered with numerous round pustules of different sizes. [6] Dorsal coloration is black-brown, dark brown, light brown, or reddish brown. A yellow or light brown glandular dorsolateral line can be present. The belly is light or dark brown with yellow or red pustules. [3]

Habitat and conservation

Osornophryne bufoniformis occurs in montane forests, bush land, and páramo at elevations of 2,800–4,700 m (9,200–15,400 ft) above sea level. They can be found on fallen leaves and on the ground, but also in terrestrial bromeliads and on vegetation up to half a meter above the ground. Development is direct [1] (i.e, there is no free-living larval stage [7] ).

It is a rare species that is uncommon even when present. It is threatened by habitat loss (deforestation) caused by agricultural development, cultivation of illegal crops, fire, logging, and human settlements. Pollution resulting from the spraying of illegal crops is also a threat. It is present in several protected areas. [1]

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<i>Rhaebo glaberrimus</i> Species of amphibian

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<i>Osornophryne antisana</i> Species of amphibian

Osornophryne antisana, the Napo plump toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

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Herveo plump toad Species of amphibian

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<i>Osornophryne sumacoensis</i> Species of amphibian

Osornophryne sumacoensis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Ecuador and only found in the forests surrounding a small crater lake on the eastern slopes of Sumaco, a volcano in the Napo Province.

The Imbabura tree frog is a species of frog in the family Hylidae found in the Pacific lowlands of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador from the sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) asl.

<i>Pristimantis buckleyi</i> Species of frog

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<i>Atelopus petersi</i> Species of amphibian

Atelopus petersi is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and is known from the Cordillera Oriental in the Napo Province and more provisionally, in the Chimborazo Province. The specific name petersi honors James A. Peters, an American zoologist who collected the first specimens of this species in 1962 and provided a description under the name Atelopus pachydermus. Common names Peters' stubfoot toad and Peters' jambato toad have been coined for it.

<i>Atelopus onorei</i> Species of amphibian

Atelopus onorei is a small species of bright yellow and green toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and is only known from the vicinity of its type locality on the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental in the Azuay Province. It has not been seen since 1990 and may now be extinct, but it is possible that overlooked populations remain.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Wilmar Bolívar, Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Diego Cisneros-Heredia, Taran Grant (2010). "Osornophryne bufoniformis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T54856A11216724. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T54856A11216724.en . Retrieved 16 November 2021.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Osornophryne bufoniformis (Peracca, 1904)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Coloma, L. A.; et al. (2018). Ron, S. R.; Merino-Viteri, A. & Ortiz, D. A. (eds.). "Osornophryne bufoniformis". Anfibios del Ecuador. Version 2019.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  4. ↑ Acosta Galvis, A. R. (2020). "Osornophryne bufoniformis (Peracca, 1904)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia: Referencia en linea V.10.2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  5. 1 2 Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 165. ISBN   978-1-907807-42-8.
  6. 1 2 Paez-Moscoso, Diego J.; Guayasamin, Juan M. & Yánez-Muñoz, Mario H. (2011). "A new species of Andean toad (Bufonidae, Osornophryne) discovered using molecular and morphological data, with a taxonomic key for the genus". ZooKeys (108): 73–97. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.108.1129 . PMC   3119318 . PMID   21852930.
  7. ↑ Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 166.
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