Oxyloma patentissima

Oxyloma patentissima
	Drawing of an apertural view of the shell of Oxyloma patentissima
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia ; clade Euthyneura ; clade Panpulmonata ; clade Eupulmonata ; clade Stylommatophora ; clade Elasmognatha
Superfamily:	Succineoidea
Family:	Succineidae
Subfamily:	Succineinae
Genus:	Oxyloma
Species:	O. patentissima
Binomial name
	Oxyloma patentissima; (Pfeiffer, 1853)
Synonyms
	Succinea patentissima

Last updated April 30, 2019

Oxyloma patentissima is a species of land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Succineidae, the amber snails.^[1]

In biology, a species ( ) is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.

A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. Land snail is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells. However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water.

Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land, as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water, or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Terrestrial invertebrates include ants, flies, crickets, grasshoppers and spiders.

Distribution

The distribution of Oxyloma patentissima includes:

Lake Chad is a historically large, shallow, endorheic lake in Africa, which has varied in size over the centuries. According to the Global Resource Information Database of the United Nations Environment Programme, it shrank by as much as 95% from about 1963 to 1998, but "the 2007 (satellite) image shows significant improvement over previous years." Lake Chad is economically important, providing water to more than 30 million people living in the four countries surrounding it on the edge of the Sahara. It is the largest lake in the Chad Basin.

Lake Chivero is a reservoir on the Manyame River in Zimbabwe. It was formerly called Lake McIlwaine in memory of Sir Robert Mcllwaine, a former judge of the High Court and founder of Zimbabwe's soil and water conservation movement.

Description

The width of the shell is 5.1-5.3 mm; the height of the shell is 8.9-10.4 mm.^[1]

Ecology

Oxyloma patentissima lives only in very wet habitats. It is an amphibious species living around freshwater habitats such as streams and lakes, and also in mangroves. This species can also be ecologically considered as a freshwater snail.^[1]

Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in freshwater. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs to major rivers. The great majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions. Some groups of snails that live in freshwater respire using gills, whereas other groups need to reach the surface to breathe air. In addition, some are amphibious and have both gills and a lung. Most feed on algae, but many are detritivors and some are filter feeders.

Related Research Articles

The Kanab ambersnail, scientific name Oxyloma haydeni kanabense or Oxyloma kanabense, is a critically endangered subspecies or species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Succineidae, the amber snails. The common name of the amber snails is based on the shell, which is translucent and when empty usually resembles the color of amber.

Oxyloma is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Succineidae, the ambersnails.

Succineidae are a family of small to medium-sized, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. They are commonly called amber snails because their thin fragile shells are translucent and amber-colored. They usually live in damp habitats such as marshes.

Oxyloma elegans is a species of small European land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk belonging to the family Succineidae, the amber snails.

Physella acuta is a species of small, left-handed or sinistral, air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae. Common names include European physa, tadpole snail, bladder snail, and acute bladder snail. In addition, Physa acuta, Physa heterostropha and Physa integra are synonyms of Physella acuta.

Neothauma tanganyicense is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Viviparidae.

Tanganyicia rufofilosa is a species of tropical freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Paludomidae.

Valvata piscinalis, common name the European stream valvata or European valve snail, is a species of minute freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Valvatidae, the valve snails. It is also known as Cincinna piscinalis.

Oxyloma sarsii is a species of small European land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk belonging to the family Succineidae, the amber snails.

<i>Edentulina moreleti</i> species of mollusc

Edentulina moreleti is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae.

Succinea approximans is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Succineidae, the amber snails.

Anisus natalensis is a species of a freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.

<i>Prestonella nuptialis</i> species of mollusc

Prestonella nuptialis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Bothriembryontidae.

Radix natalensis is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Lymnaeidae.

Bulinus forskalii is a species of tropical freshwater snail with a sinistral shell, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies.

Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are ecological group that includes all molluscs that lives on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 van Bruggen A. C. & Appleton C. C. (1977). "Studies on the ecology and systematics of the terrestrial molluscs of the lake Sibaya area of Zululand, South Africa". Zoologische Verhandelingen 154: 3-48. page 21-23. PDF.
↑ "Oxyloma patentissima". GBIF, accessed 28 March 2011.
↑ Brendonck L. et al. (2003). "The impact of water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ) in a eutrophic subtropical impoundment (Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe). II. Species diversity". Arch. Hydrobiol. 158(3): 389-405. PDF Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine ..
↑ Oberholzer G. & Van Eeden J. A. (1967). "The freshwater molluscs of the Kruger National Park". Koedoe - African Protected Area Conservation and Science 10(1): 1-42. doi : 10.4102/koedoe.v10i1.762, PDF. page 26, Fig. 20.

External links

Wright C. A. (1963). "The freshwater gastropod mollusca of Angola". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)10(8): 447-528. 16 plates. page 500.

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[van_Bruggen_1977-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 van Bruggen A. C. & Appleton C. C. (1977). "Studies on the ecology and systematics of the terrestrial molluscs of the lake Sibaya area of Zululand, South Africa". Zoologische Verhandelingen 154: 3-48. page 21-23. PDF.

[2] "Oxyloma patentissima". GBIF, accessed 28 March 2011.

[3] Brendonck L. et al. (2003). "The impact of water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ) in a eutrophic subtropical impoundment (Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe). II. Species diversity". Arch. Hydrobiol. 158(3): 389-405. PDF Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine ..

[4] Oberholzer G. & Van Eeden J. A. (1967). "The freshwater molluscs of the Kruger National Park". Koedoe - African Protected Area Conservation and Science 10(1): 1-42. doi : 10.4102/koedoe.v10i1.762, PDF. page 26, Fig. 20.