Oxynoemacheilus frenatus

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Oxynoemacheilus frenatus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Nemacheilidae
Genus: Oxynoemacheilus
Species:
O. frenatus
Binomial name
Oxynoemacheilus frenatus
(Heckel, 1843) [2]
Synonyms
  • Cobitis frenataHeckel, 1843
  • Barbatula frenata(Heckel, 1843)
  • Nemacheilus frenatus(Heckel, 1843)
  • Orthrias frenatus(Heckel, 1843)

Oxynoemacheilus frenatus, the banded Tigris loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus . [3] This species is widespread in the upper drainage basin of the Tigris in Turkey, Syria and Iraq where it can be locally very common. It can be found in habitats varying from streams with a moderately fast current to near standing waters in springs, streams and rivers which have beds of gravel or mud. [1] Academically speaking, it inhabits fast-flowing streams and rivers with rocky substrates. [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

Oxynoemacheilus frenatus was first described by the ichthyologist Karl Kessler in 1877. It belongs to the genus Oxynoemacheilus, which includes several species of small, benthic fishes found in the Middle East and Central Asia. [5]

Physical description

Oxynoemacheilus frenatus is a small, elongated fish, typically reaching lengths of up to 8 cm. It has a streamlined body adapted to life in fast-flowing waters, with a pale brown coloration and dark mottled patterns that provide camouflage against the riverbed. [6]

Habitat and Distribution

This species is endemic to the river systems of Turkey, particularly in the Anatolian Peninsula. It prefers fast-flowing, oxygen-rich streams with rocky or gravel substrates, where it can find shelter among the stones and feed on small invertebrates. [7]

Behaviour and Ecology

Oxynoemacheilus frenatus is a benthic species, meaning it spends most of its time on or near the bottom of the water body. It is known for its agility in navigating rocky substrates and its ability to cling to surfaces in strong currents. Its diet consists primarily of small invertebrates and organic detritus. [8]

Reproduction

The breeding season for Oxynoemacheilus frenatus occurs in late spring and early summer. Females lay eggs in hidden crevices among the rocks, where the eggs are protected from predators and strong currents. The eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae after a few days. [9]

Conservation status

Oxynoemacheilus frenatus is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, but its populations are potentially threatened by habitat destruction, water pollution, and river damming. Conservation efforts are needed to ensure the preservation of its natural habitats and biodiversity. [10]

Related Research Articles

Oxynoemacheilus seyhanensis, the Samanti loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Nemacheilidae. It is found only in Turkey. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Oxynoemacheilus insignis</i> Species of fish

Oxynoemacheilus insignis is a species of stone loach It is restricted to the Damascus basin in Syria and to the Jordan-Dead Sea basin in Syria, Israel and Jordan. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by the drying up of the rivers and streams in which it is found, caused by overuse, damming and less rainfall, as well as by pollution. In Syria it has been extirpated from the Barada and can now only be found in the upper reaches of the Awaj to the west of Damascus. It is a highly variable species and different populations can differ from their neighbouring populations that in the past they have been described as species or subspecies and this has led to a large number of synonyms for Oxynoemacheilus insignis.

Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis, the Elbistan loach, is a species of Cypriniformes fish in the stone loach genus Oxynoemacheilus. It is found in moderately fast flowing streams with gravel or rocky beds and is known only from the Elbistan in upper drainage of the Ceyhan River in south eastern Turkey.

Oxynoemacheilus evreni is a species of Cypriniformes fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. It is widespread and locally abundant within the Ceyhan drainage where it can be found in streams and rivers which have a gravel substrate in a relatively fast to very fast current. It may have undergone a slight reduction in population due to the construction of dams but it is able to tolerate some habitats which have been altered by humans.

Oxynoemacheilus namiri, the Levantine loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is common and widespread in the drainage system of the Orontes in Turkey and Syria, as well as in coastal streams in Syria south of the border with Lebanon, where it can be found in springs, reservoirs, streams and rivers.

Oxynoemacheilus samanticus, the Kizilirmak sportive loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. It is found in streams and rivers with a fast current over gravel substrate and is endemic to eastern Anatolia, Turkey where it is found in the Kizilirmak system which drains into the Black Sea, as well as the headwaters of the Euphrates.

Oxynoemacheilus hamwii, the Orontes sportive loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in the headwaters of the Orontes River but is now restricted to three streams in the Turkish part of the drainage, two joining the lower Orontes in Turket and the third flowing into the Afrin River in Syria, and has been extirpated from Syria. It was described as being very common in the late 20th century, but it is sensitive to pollution and requires clear, flowing streams over mud or gravel. The drainage of the Orontes is heavily used by humans and lower rainfall in the region caused by climate change may exacerbate the threat to this species by increasing the amount of water taken from the streams by humans and by lowering the water table.

Oxynoemacheilus theophilii is a species of stone loach native to Turkey and the island of Lesbos in Greece. This species occurs in streams and reaches a length of 6.6 centimetres (2.6 in) SL. It is found in the Büyük Menderes River and other streams in western Anatolia, Turkey, and the Evergetoulas Stream on the island of Lesbos, Greece. It can be found in the upper reaches of streams with clear, cold, flowing water where it hides among the stones of the stream bed. The stomach contents of a single female were found to consist of aquatic insect larvae. Water abstraction and the increased droughts caused by climate change are the main threats.

Oxynoemacheilus bergianus, the Kura sportive loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in Lake Urumiyeh and Namak Lake basins in Iran, in the southern Caspian basin from Kura east to the Sefid-Rud drainage. It can also be found in the headwaters of Tigris in Turkey, Iraq and in Karoun, Iran as well as those of the Euphrates in Turkey and possibly in Syria and Iraq. It lives in fast flowing streams and rivers with gravel and rocky substrates and does not tolerate impoundments, dam construction having been identified as a major potential threat to this species.

The Kura loach, also known as the Caspian sportive loach, is an Asian species of freshwater fish, occurring in the drainage basin of the Kura in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and Iran. It prefers fast to very fast flowing streams and rivers which have a gravel or rocky substrate and is most frequently recorded among riffles and rapids in the middle of stream. It is widespread and locally abundant but populations have been lost due to the construction of dams for hydroelectric power and for abstraction. The specific bane honours the German naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802-1879), who provided Karl Kessler with most of the specimens he used to describe this species.

Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma, the two-spot loach is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in the drainage of the Queiq River in Syria and Turkey, and the upper Euphrates drainage in Turkey and possibly in this drainage in Syria and Iraq. It has almost been extirpated from the Queiq as this river has virtually dried out but it remains abundant in the Euphrates. This species can be found in a wide range of habitats as long as there is a moderately fast current from small upland streams to banks of large rivers. It can also occur in stagnant water bodies such as reservoirs. It is threatened by water abstraction, lowering rainfall due to climate change and the construction of dams. The economic development of the area where this species occurs exacerbates these threats. Freyhof and Özuluǧ published a paper in 2017 that argued that Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus was a valid species and not a synonym of O. argyrogramma.

Oxynoemacheilus kosswigi, the Paphlagonian loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in the Kizilirmak and Yeşilırmak drainages in northern Anatolia, Turkey. It lives in waters which vary from those with a moderately fast flow to almost still waters and prefers muddy or gravel substrates, It remains abundant and widespread within the two drainage systems in which it occurs but it is suspected that a number f populations may have declined or been made locally extinct by the increasing construction of small hydro-electric dams.

Oxynoemacheilus mediterraneus, the Pamphylian loach, is a species of Cypriniformes fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in the Lake Eğirdir drainage of central Anatolia and in the Aksu and Küpü rivers draining to the Gulf of Antalya. It is widespread and normally abundant in streams with fast flowing currents to almost standing waters. It is, however, locally decreasing due to dam constructions and is also threatened by pollution and water abstraction, as well as by reduced regional rainfall due to climate change.

Oxynoemacheilus paucilepis, the Mancilik dwarf loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is endemic to the Mancilik, Cetinkaya and Kalkam streams at the headwaters of the Euphrates in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It may have been extirpated from the Mancilik after none were found at the type locality in 2008, but it was found to be abundant at another locality on the same stream in 2009. Its preferred habitat is small streams with gravel beds and a moderately fast current.

Oxynoemacheilus phoxinoides, the Iznik loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. The species is endemic to a single small stream, less than 5 km in length in the drainage of Lake Iznik in north-western Anatolia, Turkey. The species is abundant in its restricted habitat but the population seems to be declining with abstraction of water from the stream for irrigation thought to be the main threat but as climate changed reduces the rainfall in the region the likelihood of droughts is increased.

Oxynoemacheilus tigris, the Tigris loach or Halap loach, is a species of stone loach from the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This critically endangered species is endemic to the Queiq River in Turkey where it occurs ins a short stretch of stream between two reservoirs. It formerly occurred in Syria but it has been local extinction from the Syrian portion of the Queiq. This species is threatened by water abstraction and the increased frequency of droughts caused by climate change, most of the Queiq has already been desiccated. It is, however, abundant in the area it is known from where it can be found in reaches of gravel or mud substrate with moderately fast flowing to near standing water.

Oxynoemacheilus is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found in Europe and Western Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemacheilidae</span> Family of fishes

The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus found in Africa. The family includes about 790 species.

<i>Syncrossus beauforti</i> Species of fish

Synocrossus beauforti, the barred loach, chameleon loach or chameleon botia, is a species of freshwater fish from the loach family Botiidae which is found in mainland south-east Asia.

Oxynoemacheilus merga, Krynicki's loach, is a species of stone loach from the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species reaches a length of 10 cm (3.9 in). It is found in the western drainage basin of the Caspian Sea in eastern Europe in the upper mountain streams of the drainage systems of the Kuma, Terek, Sulak, Shura-ozen and Samur where it is abundant. The countries in which it occurs are Azerbaijan, Georgia and Russia.

References

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  2. Rainer Froese; Daniel Pauly, eds. (2017). "Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel, 1843) Banded Tigris loach". Fishbase . Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  3. Kottelat, M. (2012): Conspectus cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Suppl. No. 26: 1-199.
  4. "Oxynoemacheilus frenatus: Freyhof, J." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013-01-09. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  5. Ganyukova, A.I.; Drachko, D.O.; Malysheva, M.N.; Frolov, A.O.; Agasoi, V.V.; Smirnov, P.A.; Kostygov, A.Yu. (2024). "High prevalence of Trypanosoma theileri-like trypanosomes and scarcity of monoxenous trypanosomatids in tabanids of Northwestern Russia". Protistology (1). doi:10.21685/1680-0826-2024-18-1-1. ISSN   1680-0826.
  6. CEYHAN, TEVFİK; AKYOL, OKAN; ERDEM, MUSTAFA (2009-01-01). "Length-Weight Relationships of Fishes from Gökova Bay, Turkey (Aegean Sea)". Turkish Journal of Zoology. doi:10.3906/zoo-0802-9. ISSN   1303-6114.
  7. Lauritsen, Diane D. (December 1992). "Zoogeography of Fresh Waters. Volume 2. Distribution and Dispersal of Freshwater Animals in North America and Eurasia. Petru-Bănărescu". Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 11 (4): 438–438. doi:10.2307/1467568. ISSN   0887-3593.
  8. Carriol, René-Pierre (2001). "Crustacés Cirripèdes actuels du Muséum D'Histoire naturelle de Lyon". Cahiers scientifiques du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Lyon - Centre de conservation et d'étude des collections. 2 (1): 5–17. doi:10.3406/mhnly.2001.1313. ISSN   1627-3516.
  9. Turan, Davut; Kaya, Cüneyt; Kalayci, Gökhan; Bayçelebi, Esra; Aksu, İsmail (2019-02-21). "Oxynoemacheilus cemali, a new species of stone loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from the Çoruh River drainage, Turkey". Journal of Fish Biology. 94 (3): 458–468. doi:10.1111/jfb.13909. ISSN   0022-1112.
  10. Page, Lawrence M. (2008-09-10). "Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes Maurice Kottelat, Jörg Freyhof . Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. 2007. Kottelat. Cornol, Switzerland. Freyhof. Berlin, Germany. ISBN: 978-2-8399-0298-4. 646 p. $130.00 (hardcover)". Copeia. 2008 (3): 725–727. doi:10.1643/ot-08-098a.1. ISSN   0045-8511.