Oxynoemacheilus bureschi, the Struma stone loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the stone loach family (Nemacheilidae). It is found in the Struma, Vardar and Nestos river basins Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, and Serbia Its natural habitat is rivers, preferring larger streams with fast currents, especially in the middle. It cannot survive where the rivers have been canalised and it is threatened by habitat loss. The specific name honours the Bulgarian ichthyologist Ivan Buresh, who was able to influence the Bulgarian monarch Boris III to allow Drensky to collect specimens in Bulgaria.
Barbatula namiri is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Balitoridae. It is found in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is found in the Orontes River watershed and coastal rivers of Lebanon and Syria north of southern Nahr al-Kabir al-Janoubi. It is threatened by habitat loss by water extraction and dams and pollution in Turkey; threats in Lebanon and Syria are unknown. The population is unknown but is considered stable in Turkey.
Oxynoemacheilus insignis is a species of stone loach It is restricted to the Damascus basin in Syria and to the Jordan-Dead Sea basin in Syria, Israel and Jordan. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by the drying up of the rivers and streams in which it is found, caused by overuse, damming and less rainfall, as well as by pollution. In Syria it has been extirpated from the Barada and can now only be found in the upper reaches of the Awaj to the west of Damascus. It is a highly variable species and different populations can differ from their neighbouring populations that in the past they have been described as species or subspecies and this has led to a large number of synonyms for Oxynoemacheilus insignis.
Oxynoemacheilus galilaeus also known as the Galilean Stone Loach is a species of stone loach in the family Nemacheilidae native to Israel and Syria.
Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis, the Elbistan loach, is a species of Cypriniformes fish in the stone loach genus Oxynoemacheilus. It is found in moderately fast flowing streams with gravel or rocky beds and is known only from the Elbistan in upper drainage of the Ceyhan River in south eastern Turkey.
Oxynoemacheilus evreni is a species of Cypriniformes fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. It is widespread and locally abundant within the Ceyhan drainage where it can be found in streams and rivers which have a gravel substrate in a relatively fast to very fast current. It may have undergone a slight reduction in population due to the construction of dams but it is able to tolerate some habitats which have been altered by humans.
Oxynoemacheilus hamwii, the Orontes sportive loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in the headwaters of the Orontes River but is now restricted to three streams in the Turkish part of the drainage, two joining the lower Orontes in Turket and the third flowing into the Afrin River in Syria, and has been extirpated from Syria. It was described as being very common in the late 20th century, but it is sensitive to pollution and requires clear, flowing streams over mud or gravel. The drainage of the Orontes is heavily used by humans and lower rainfall in the region caused by climate change may exacerbate the threat to this species by increasing the amount of water taken from the streams by humans and by lowering the water table.
Oxynoemacheilus araxensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. It was described from specimens taken at a single locality near Kandili, the type locality, the upper drainage of the Euphrates in eastern Turkey. It has never been recorded anywhere else although there are many populations of superficially similar loaches in the Euphrates drainage which have not yet been identified; these may prove to be of this species or of Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki. Its habitat appears to be moderately fast flowing streams with a gravel bottom.
Oxynoemacheilus theophilii is a species of stone loach native to Turkey and the island of Lesbos in Greece. This species occurs in streams and reaches a length of 6.6 centimetres (2.6 in) SL. It is found in the Büyük Menderes River and other streams in western Anatolia, Turkey, and the Evergetoulas Stream on the island of Lesbos, Greece. It can be found in the upper reaches of streams with clear, cold, flowing water where it hides among the stones of the stream bed. The stomach contents of a single female were found to consist of aquatic insect larvae. Water abstraction and the increased droughts caused by climate change are the main threats.
Oxynoemacheilus bergianus, the Kura sportive loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in Lake Urumiyeh and Namak Lake basins in Iran, in the southern Caspian basin from Kura east to the Sefid-Rud drainage. It can also be found in the headwaters of Tigris in Turkey, Iraq and in Karoun, Iran as well as those of the Euphrates in Turkey and possibly in Syria and Iraq. It lives in fast flowing streams and rivers with gravel and rocky substrates and does not tolerate impoundments, dam construction having been identified as a major potential threat to this species.
The Kura loach, also known as the Caspian sportive loach, is an Asian species of freshwater fish, occurring in the drainage basin of the Kura in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and Iran. It prefers fast to very fast flowing streams and rivers which have a gravel or rocky substrate and is most frequently recorded among riffles and rapids in the middle of stream. It is widespread and locally abundant but populations have been lost due to the construction of dams for hydroelectric power and for abstraction. The specific bane honours the German naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802-1879), who provided Karl Kessler with most of the specimens he used to describe this species.
Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma, the two-spot loach is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in the drainage of the Queiq River in Syria and Turkey, and the upper Euphrates drainage in Turkey and possibly in this drainage in Syria and Iraq. It has almost been extirpated from the Queiq as this river has virtually dried out but it remains abundant in the Euphrates. This species can be found in a wide range of habitats as long as there is a moderately fast current from small upland streams to banks of large rivers. It can also occur in stagnant water bodies such as reservoirs. It is threatened by water abstraction, lowering rainfall due to climate change and the construction of dams. The economic development of the area where this species occurs exacerbates these threats. Freyhof and Özuluǧ published a paper in 2017 that argued that Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus was a valid species and not a synonym of O. argyrogramma.
Oxynoemacheilus frenatus, the banded Tigris loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is widespread in the upper drainage basin of the Tigris in Turkey, Syria and Iraq where it can be locally very common. It can be found in habitats varying from streams with a moderately fast current to near standing waters in springs, streams and rivers which have beds of gravel or mud.
Oxynoemacheilus mediterraneus, the Pamphylian loach, is a species of Cypriniformes fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in the Lake Eğirdir drainage of central Anatolia and in the Aksu and Küpü rivers draining to the Gulf of Antalya. It is widespread and normally abundant in streams with fast flowing currents to almost standing waters. It is, however, locally decreasing due to dam constructions and is also threatened by pollution and water abstraction, as well as by reduced regional rainfall due to climate change.
Oxynoemacheilus panthera, the tiger loach or the Damascus loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. It occurs in only two streams, the Nahr Baradá and Nahr al-A‘waj in the Damascus basin in Syria. It is thought that over 90% of the populations of this species of stone loach have been lost due to water abstraction and the drying up of its native watercourses, exacerbated by lower rainfall due to climate change.
Oxynoemacheilus paucilepis, the Mancilik dwarf loach is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is endemic to the Mancilik, Cetinkaya and Kalkam streams I the headwaters of the Euphrates in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It may have been extirpated from the Mancilik after none were found at the type locality in 2008 but it was found to be abundant at another locality on the same stream in 2009. Its preferred habitat is small streams with gravel beds and a moderately fast current.
Oxynoemacheilus tigris, the Tigris loach or Halap loach, is a species of stone loach from the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This critically endangered species is endemic to the Queiq River in Turkey where it occurs ins a short stretch of stream between two reservoirs. It formerly occurred in Syria but it has been local extinction from the Syrian portion of the Queiq. This species is threatened by water abstraction and the increased frequency of droughts caused by climate change, most of the Queiq has already been desiccated. It is, however, abundant in the area it is known from where it can be found in reaches of gravel or mud substrate with moderately fast flowing to near standing water.
Angora loach is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Nemacheilidae. It is found in Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. It is found in Sea of Marmara and Black Sea from Simav east to Kızılırmak River drainages and drainages of Ilgin, Lake Akşehir and Lake Eber.
Oxynoemacheilus is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found in Europe and Western Asia.
Oxynoemacheilus atili, the Lake Beyşehir loach, is a species of stone loach from the genus Oxynoemacheilus. It is endemic to Turkey being found only in the drainage basin of Lake Beyşehir in Central Anatolia, where it occurs in all the streams and in the Manavgat drainage in Mediterranean basin.
