The history of Afghanistan as a state began in 1823 as the Emirate of Afghanistan after the exile of the Sadozai monarchy to Herat. The Sadozai monarchy ruled the Afghan Durrani Empire, considered the founding state of modern Afghanistan. The written recorded history of the land presently constituting Afghanistan can be traced back to around 500 BCE when the area was under the Achaemenid Empire, although evidence indicates that an advanced degree of urbanized culture has existed in the land since between 3000 and 2000 BCE. Bactria dates back to 2500 BCE. The Indus Valley civilisation stretched up to large parts of Afghanistan in the north. Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army arrived at what is now Afghanistan in 330 BCE after the fall of the Achaemenid Empire during the Battle of Gaugamela. Since then, many empires have established capitals in Afghanistan, including the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Indo-Sassanids, Kabul Shahi, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Kartids, Timurids, Hotakis and Durranis.
Ghazni, historically known as Ghaznin (غزنين) or Ghazna (غزنه), also transliterated as Ghuznee, and anciently known as Alexandria in Opiana, is a city in southeastern Afghanistan with a population of around 190,000 people. The city is strategically located along Highway 1, which has served as the main road between Kabul and Kandahar for thousands of years. Situated on a plateau at 2,219 metres (7,280 ft) above sea level, the city is 150 kilometres (93 mi) south of Kabul and is the capital of Ghazni Province.
Ghōr, also spelled Ghowr or Ghur, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is located in the western Hindu Kush in central Afghanistan, towards the north-west. The province contains eleven districts, encompassing hundreds of villages, and approximately 764,472 settled people. Firuzkoh, serves as the capital of the province.
Kandahār is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southern part of the country, sharing a border with Pakistan, to the south. It is surrounded by Helmand in the west, Uruzgan in the north and Zabul Province in the east. Its capital is the city of Kandahar, Afghanistan's second largest city, which is located on the Arghandab River. The greater region surrounding the province is called Loy Kandahar. The Emir of Afghanistan sends orders to Kabul from Kandahar making it the de facto capital of Afghanistan, although the main government body operates in Kabul. All meetings with the Emir take place in Kandahar, meetings excluding the Emir are in Kabul.
Paktika is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country. Forming part of the larger Loya Paktia region, Paktika has a population of about 789,000, mostly ethnic Pashtuns. The town of Sharana serves as the provincial capital, while the most populous city is Urgun.
South Khorasan Province is a province located in eastern Iran. Birjand is the centre of the province. The other major cities are Ferdows, Tabas and Qaen. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5.
The Ghiljī also spelled Khilji, Khalji, or Ghilzai or Ghilzay (غلزی), are one of the largest Pashtun tribes. Their traditional homeland is Ghazni and Qalati Ghilji in Afghanistan but they have also settled in other regions throughout the Afghanistan-Pakistan Pashtun belt. The Khilji dynasty was a dynasty in Delhi Sultanate founded by Jalaluddin Khalji and expanded by Alauddin Khalji who were from Ghilji tribe. The modern nomadic Kochi people are predominantly made up of Ghilji tribes. The Ghilji make up around 20-25% of Afghanistan's total population.
Amb or Kingdom of Amb, also known as Feudal Tanawal was a princely state in the present day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan. The Tanoli never submitted to British colonial rule in the 1840s. Following Pakistani independence in 1947, and for some months afterwards, the Nawabs of Amb remained unaffiliated. At the end of December 1947, the Nawab of Amb state acceded to Pakistan while retaining internal self-government. Amb continued as a princely state of Pakistan until 1969, when it was incorporated into the North West Frontier Province.
Chakwal is a city in Rawalpindi Division, Punjab province, Pakistan.
Awan is a tribe living predominantly in the northern, central, and western parts of Pakistani Punjab, with significant numbers also present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir, and to a lesser extent in Sindh and Balochistan.
Khanewal is a city and the capital of Khanewal District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the 36th largest city of Pakistan by population. Khanewal is named after the earliest settlers here who belonged to the caste ‘Daha’ and used ‘Khan’ in their names. That is how the city came to be known as ‘khan-e-wal’.
Soon Valley is in the north west of Khushab District, Punjab, Pakistan. Its largest settlement is the town of Naushera. The valley extends from the village of Padhrar to Sakesar, the highest peak in the Salt Range. The valley is 35 miles (56 km) long and has an average width of 9 miles (14 km). It covers a 300-square-mile (780 km2) area. Soon Valley has an abundance of scenic beauty, with lakes, waterfalls, jungle, natural pools and ponds. The valley has been settled since ancient times, most recently by the Awan tribe, which still resides in the valley.
Qarabagh, is a district 56 km to the south-west of Ghazni in eastern Afghanistan. The 1,800 km2 area is one of the most populated at 109,000; some reports count more than 218,000. The ethnic composition of the district includes Hazaras and Pashtuns. The landscape varies in different parts of the district - deserts in the southwest, plains in the southeast and mountains in the north. The district is seriously affected by drought, especially farming and animal husbandry. Health and education need serious improvement.
The Bettani, also spelled Baittani or Bhittani, is a Pashtun tribe located mostly in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Bettani are named after Shaykh Beṭ, their legendary ancestor who is said to be the second son of Qais Abdur Rashid. The Bettani's are Sunni Muslims of Hanafi sect. The Bettani confederacy includes the tribes of Bettanis, and Matti tribes progeny of BiBi Mattu daughter of Sheikh Bettan. These include Lodi also known as Lohani, as well as the tribes of Marwat, and Niazi while Shirani has also been mentioned as part of Bettanis.
Naushehra,, is a city and Tehsil of Khushab District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is the main town (Heart) of Soon Valley. The town is situated 55 kilometers (34 mi) from Khushab city, 62 kilometers from Talagang and 68 kilometers (42 mi) from Kallar Kahar town in the heart of valley, surrounded by high hills, lakes, jungles, natural pools and ponds. It is also an area of ancient civilization, natural resources, and fertile farms. The general height of surrounding hills is around 2,500 feet above sea level, with several peaks reaching over 3,000 feet.
Talagang, the headquarters of Talagang Tehsil, is a town located in Chakwal District, Talagang the headquarters of Talagang Tehsil, is a town located in Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. It lies about 30 kilometers from the M2 motorway and about 45 kilometers from the district capital, Chakwal. Tallagang is known as a junction for the traffic leading towards the almost every part of the country. Transport to the major cities of the countries pass through this city. Mostly people belong to Awan tribe.Thats why this area is famous for the origin of Awan tribe. As the Awans are landlords (former) by profession and they have inherited lands so the majority of the population of the area is adopted their family business agriculture. British army used to hire most of their soldiers from this area before independence, and even now most of the Pakistan armed forces staff belong to this area and many people sacrificed their lives for the home land of Pakistan - that's why it is also known as Land of Martyrs and Warriors. The tehsil, which is headquartered at the city of Talagang, is administratively subdivided into 23 Union Councils. Talagang Tehsil is one of the largest tehsils in South Asia as it contains 102 villages Talagang Tehsil consists of 102 villages. Some famous villages in Talagang are Thoha Mehram Khan, Qaderpur, Chinji, Adlaka, Jhatla, Dhurnal, Mogla, Malakwal, Tamman, Akwal, Singwala, Bilalabad, Chokhandi, Pera Fatehal.
Qutb Shah, formally known as Abdullah Awn ibn Ya‘lā al-Qādirī al-Gīlānī, was a ruler, medieval Persian Sufi, Muslim preacher and a religious scholar. He belonged to Alvi family of Banu Hashim tribe and was a relative of Abdul Qadir Gilani.
Maira Amjad Ali is a village in the Mansehra district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is part of Union Council Peeran of tehsil Mansehra. The village has a population of approximately 3,000 people. It is located 10 kilometres away from Attar shisha and 6 kilometres from Sandesar, from where its road diverges from the Kaghan Highway (N15).
Karoondi (Sindhi:ڪرونڊي) is a small town along Mehran Highway in District Khairpur, Sindh province of Pakistan. It is situated in taluka Faiz Ganj which is one of the eight talukas of the District. The town lies between two canals: Faiz Ganj canal passes by its western side whereas Veeho canal passes by the eastern. This city was established by Rajpar Hindu and Muslim community. In 1904 Along with Relatives and all family of Usman Khan Rajper settled here from Beela Wah, Naushahro feroze District and Oman Khan Rajpar settled here from Warhecho, Nawabshah district. There are fertile farmlands around it owned by descendants of Wadeero Budhal khan Rajper, Wadeero Oman Khan Rajpar and Wadeero Usman khan Rajper and a number of villages in the outskirts. The main town is separated from the bypass bus stop by farm-fields and orchards. The town is relatively peaceful as the crime rate is very low. In late 60's Wadeero Allahdad Rajpar made a Phool Bagh in Karoondi. The settlement in the town is either on the lands of Wadeero Budhal Khan Rajpar or Wadeero Oman Khan Rajpar. Late Shahnawaz Khan Rajpar, late Shaukat Ali Rajpar, Habibullah khan Rajper, Punjal Khan Rajper, Mumtaz Hussain Rajper, Ghulam Rasool Rajper, Akhtar Khan Rajpar, Balam Khan Rajpar, Aslam Khan Rajpar, Nisar Ahmed Rajper, Late Ghulam Haider Khokhar are prominent figures of the town.
Emirate of Multan was a medieval Islamic kingdom in Punjab that existed around city of Multan, present-day Punjab, Pakistan. It was initially ruled by the Arab tribe of Banu Munabbih. In 959 AD, Ismaili Qarmatians gained control of the Emirate and in 1010 AD, it was conquered by Ghaznavid Empire.
