Pallisentis

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Pallisentis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Eoacanthocephala
Order: Gyracanthocephala
Family: Quadrigyridae
Subfamily: Pallisentinae
Genus: Pallisentis
Van Cleave, 1928

Pallisentis is a genus in Acanthocephala (parasitic thorny-headed worms, also known as spiny-headed worms).

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus Pallisentis has three subgenera: Brevitritospinus, Demidueterospinus, and Pallisentis. The National Center for Biotechnology Information indicates that a phylogenetic analysis has been published on Pallisentis celatus. [1]

Description

Pallisentis species consists of a proboscis covered in hooks and a trunk.

Species

PallisentisVan Cleave, 1928 is divided into three subgenera: Brevitritospinus, Demidueterospinus, and Pallisentis with 26 species: [2]

Host: Channa punctatus in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.

P. singaporensis has 8 to 12 proboscis hooks per circle, gradually declining in size posteriorly. They measure from the anterior are 62 to 64, 49 to 54, 36 to 46 and 24 to 28 um long. The trunk spines are conical and do not extend to the posterior end in 25 or 26 circles, each with 10 spines. In the male, the cement gland is long and has 23 to 25 giant nuclei and lack Saefftigen's pouch. They have unequal lemnisci. The female gonopore is terminal. [5]

Distribution

The distribution of Pallisentis species is determined by that of its hosts.

Hosts

Life cycle of Acanthocephala. Acanthocephala LifeCycle lg.jpg
Life cycle of Acanthocephala.

The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. The intermediate hosts of most Pallisentis species are not known. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. [8]

There are no reported cases of any Pallisentis species infesting humans in the English language medical literature. [7]

Notes

  1. ↑ There are no known aberrant human infections for Pallisentis species. [7]

References

  1. ↑ Schoch, Conrad L; Ciufo, Stacy; Domrachev, Mikhail; Hotton, Carol L; Kannan, Sivakumar; Khovanskaya, Rogneda; Leipe, Detlef; Mcveigh, Richard; O’Neill, Kathleen; Robbertse, Barbara; Sharma, Shobha; Soussov, Vladimir; Sullivan, John P; Sun, Lu; Turner, Seán; Karsch-Mizrachi, Ilene (2020). "NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools". Database. doi:10.1093/database/baaa062. PMC   7408187 . PMID   32761142 . Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  2. ↑ Amin, O. M; Heckmann, R. A.; Ha, Nguyen Van; Luc, Pham Van; Doanh, Pham Ngoc (2000). "Revision of the genus Pallisentis (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) with the erection of three new subgenera, the description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) vietnamensis subgen. et sp. n., a key to species of Pallisentis, and the description of a new quadrigyrid genus, Pararaosentis gen. n". Comparative Parasitology. 67 (1): 40–50. INIST   1261582.
  3. 1 2 Gupta, R; Maurya, R; Saxena, AM (January 2015). "Two New Species of the Genus Pallisentis Van Cleave, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from the Intestine of Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) from the River Gomti at Lucknow, India". Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 10 (1): 116–21. PMC   4403530 . PMID   25904954.
  4. ↑ Gupta, Neelima; Gupta, Dileep K.; Singhal, Priyanka (2015). "Description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) punctati n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from Channa punctatus in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India". Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 10 (4): 605–616. PMC   4724838 . PMID   26811728.
  5. ↑ Amin, Omar & Heckmann, Richard & Nguyen, Ha & Luc, P. & Ngoc Doanh, Pham. (2000). Revision of the genus Pallisentis (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) with the erection of three new subgenera, the description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) vietnamensis subgen. et sp. n., a Key to species of Pallisentis, and the description of a new quadrigyrid genus, Pararaosentis gen. n.. Comparative Parasitology. 67. 40-50.
  6. ↑ CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (April 11, 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". www.cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  7. 1 2 Mathison, BA; et al. (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol. 59 (11): e02691-20. doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMC   8525584 . PMID   34076470.
  8. ↑ Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". In Crompton, D.W.T.; Nickol, B.B. (eds.). Biology of the Acanthocephala (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
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