| Panao antpitta | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Grallariidae |
| Genus: | Grallaria |
| Species complex: | Grallaria rufula complex |
| Species: | G. oneilli |
| Binomial name | |
| Grallaria oneilli Chesser & Isler, ML, 2020 | |
 | |
The Panao antpitta (Grallaria oneilli), also known as O'Neill's antpitta [1] , is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru. [2]
What is now the Panao antpitta was an undifferentiated population within subspecies Grallaria rufula obscura of what was then the rufous antpitta. Research published in 2020 showed that it was a distinct species, and another 2020 publication confirmed that it is part of the rufous antpitta species complex of some 15 species. [3] [4] The International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy recognized the new species in 2021. [5] [6] As of early 2024 BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) had not recognized it. [7]
The Panao antpitta is monotypic. [2] It, the Chachapoyas antpitta (G. gravesi), and the Junin antpitta (G. obscura) are sister species. [3] [8]
The specific epithet oneilli, and the alternate English name O'Neill's antpitta, honor Dr. John P. O'Neill, the ornithologist who collected the type specimen in Huánaco in 1983. [1] [3]
Grallaria antpittas are a "wonderful group of plump and round antbirds whose feathers are often fluffed up...they have stout bills [and] very short tails". [9] The holotype male Panao antpitta weighed 38 g (1.3 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a mostly dark reddish yellow-brown crown, upperparts, wings, and tail with lighter edges on the flight feathers. They have a pale buff eyering. Their throat and breast are light reddish yellow-brown that is paler on the belly. The center of their belly is whitish and their flanks are a reddish yellow-brown whose intensity is between those of the upperparts and breast. Both sexes have a dark brown iris, a blackish bill with a pinkish base to the mandible, and medium gray legs and feet. [3] [8]
The Panao antpitta is found on the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes in the departments of Huánaco and Pasco. Its range is south of the Huallaga River and north of the Perené River. The former separates it from the Chachapoyas antpitta and the latter from the Junin antpitta. Its exact habitat requirements have not been documented. It is thought to favor the floor and understory in the interior and edges of humid cloudforest heavy with moss and epiphytes and with much Chusquea bamboo. In elevation it is known between 2,750 and 3,700 m (9,000 and 12,100 ft). [3] [8]
The Panao antpitta is assumed to be resident throughout its range. [8]
The Panao antpitta's diet has not been detailed but is known to include insects. Its diet is assumed to be similar to those of other Grallaria antpittas which include other arthropods and earthworms. It runs or hops on the forest floor and stops to find prey by flipping aside leaf litter and probing the soil. [3] [8]
Nothing is known about the Panao antpitta's breeding biology. [8]
The Panao antpitta's long song is "a series of buzzy notes that at first decrease slightly and then increase in pace, initially at an even pitch but with the final few, shorter notes slightly increasing in pitch". Its short song is an "evenly pitched, modulated, two-noted song initiated by a single, abrupt note followed by a much longer buzzy note, the whole song lasting c 0.75-1.25 seconds". [3] [8]
The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy, which does not recognize the Panao antpitta, and so has not assessed it. [10] It is "known to occur within the Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén and the Área de Conservación Privada San Marcos". [8]
The white-throated antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
Grallaria is a large genus of Neotropical birds in the antpitta family Grallariidae.
The chestnut antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru. In 2020, two new species previously believed to be populations of chestnut pitta were described: the Oxapampa antpitta and the Ayacucho antpitta; this has left the chestnut antpitta with a much reduced range.
The rusty-tinged antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The bicolored antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
What is now the rufous antpitta complex was long considered to be a single species, Grallaria rufula, with seven subspecies. In 2020 G. rufula was found to be a species complex of 16 species, some of which were newly described. In 2021 the International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy implemented the split of the rufous antpitta into multiple species and accepted the newly described species. The revised Grallaria rufulasensu stricto, now called the Muisca antpitta, has no subspecies and is thus monotypic according to those taxonomies. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) did not fully implement the split. It retains the name rufous antpitta for Grallaria rufula and retains six of the seven previous subspecies within it. It had split only the former G. r. saltuensis as the Perija antpitta in 2018.
The Chami antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
The Cajamarca antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The equatorial antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found is Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Perija antpitta is a Near Threatened species of bird in the in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Serranía del Perijá on the border of Colombia and Venezuela.
The Sierra Nevada antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia.
The Chachapoyas antpitta, or Graves's antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Junin antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Peruvian Department of Junín.
The Bolivian antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described by James Bond and Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee in 1940. It is endemic to Bolivia. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was elevated from subspecies to species in 2020 on the basis of differences in plumage and vocalizations.
The Puno antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Urubamba antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described as a subspecies by Frank Chapman in 1923. It is endemic to Peru. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was elevated from subspecies to species in 2020 on the basis of differences in plumage and vocalization. The same study also described a new subspecies of Urubamba antpitta.
The Muisca antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described by Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1843. It was formerly called the rufous antpitta, which in 2020 was found to be a species complex composed of as many as 15 species, some of which were newly described. It is found in the Andes of northern Colombia and western Venezuela.
The Oxapampa antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru. The Oxapampa antpitta was formerly believed to be a population of the chestnut antpitta, but in 2020 was described as its own species by Peter A. Hosner, Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler and R. Terry Chesser.
The Ayacucho antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallaridae. It is endemic to the Peruvian department of Ayacucho. The Ayacucho antpitta was formerly believed to be a population of chestnut antpitta, but in 2020 it was described as a new species by Peter A. Hosner, Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler and R. Terry Chesser.
