Paraclinus grandicomis

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Paraclinus grandicomis
Paraclinus grandicomis - pone.0010676.g148.png
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Blenniiformes
Family: Labrisomidae
Genus: Paraclinus
Species:
P. grandicomis
Binomial name
Paraclinus grandicomis
(N. Rosén, 1911)
Synonyms
  • Auchenopterus grandicomisN. Rosén, 1911

Paraclinus grandicomis, the horned blenny, is a perciform marine species of labrisomid blenny native to reefs of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. [2] It is a benthic fish so it cruises along above the sandy or rocky seabed and foraging for crustaceans. [3]

Contents

Habitat

The horned blenny can be commonly found in shallow waters, between 0 to 3 meters, inhabiting sponges, corals, and sea anemones. [4] [5] Its habitat choice relies on the abundance of food and shelter from predators, that is why it can be observed occupying seabed clams, oysters, shells, and submerged vegetation like mangroves and seagrass. [4]

Geographic Distribution

The Paraclinus grandicomis inhabits tropical waters that range from Southern Florida through the Lesser Antilles. [2] This species dwells in tropical (10-23N) and subtropical (23-35N) climate zones. [3]

Physical Description

The horned blenny is a brown colored fish covered in pale mottling all over its body and head, [3] Dorsal, anal, and tail fins have dark brown bases, and pale or clear edges. [3] This species is characterized by having elongated snouts that are blunt at the end and a singular large horn called the maxillary bone branching from their heads, additionally thin strands of cirrus cover the nostrils and line its stalk from eyes to dorsal fin. [3] The blenny’s spine is composed of 34-35 small vertebrae, [6] giving it a maximum length of only 4 centimeters. [2]

Ecology

The horned blenny, as well as some other Caribbean reef fishes, have developed behavioral and physiological adaptations that make them immune to stings of sea anemones. The acclimation process can take several minutes to several hours of being stung repeatedly by an anemone tentacle to build resistance. [5]

Feeding

Horned blennies are carnivorous fish that do not only feast on seabed worms but also benthic crustacea; both of these food sources can be found in large quantities at the sea floor of shallow waters where most blennies live. [3]

Sexual Dimorphism

Illustration of P. grandicomis sexual dimorphism. Paraclinus grandicomis sexual dimorphism.png
Illustration of P. grandicomis sexual dimorphism.

Typically the length of the protruding maxillary bone of blennies is longer in males than in females of the same species, however, proportional differences are maintained among species. the horned blenny, both male and female have their horns located on the anterior half of the skull orbit. [7]

Related Research Articles

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Queen angelfish Species of fish

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Seaweed blenny Species of fish

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<i>Stegastes fuscus</i> Species of fish

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<i>Chaetodon guentheri</i> Species of fish

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<i>Heniochus pleurotaenia</i> Species of fish

Heniochus pleurotaenia, the phantom bannerfish, is a marine fish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae, native from the central Indo-Pacific area.

<i>Heniochus varius</i> Species of fish

Heniochus varius, the horned bannerfish or humphead bannerfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae, native from the central Indo-Pacific area.

<i>Astrapogon stellatus</i> Species of fish

Astrapogon stellatus is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Apogonidae, the cardinal fishes. It lives in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It is commonly known as the conchfish because it typically conceals itself in the mantle cavity of a living queen conch by day.

References

  1. Williams, J.T. (2014). "Paraclinus grandicomis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T47144544A48385115. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T47144544A48385115.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). "Paraclinus grandicomis" in FishBase . October 2013 version.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Species: Paraclinus Grandicomis, Horned Blenny". Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. 2015.
  4. 1 2 Tyler, James; Böhlke, James (1972-09-01). "Records of Sponge-Dwelling Fishes, Primarily of the Caribbean". Bulletin of Marine Science. 22: 601–642.
  5. 1 2 Hanlon, Roger T.; Hixon, Raymond F. (July 1986). "Behavioral associanons of coral reef fishes with the sea anemone Condylactis gigantea in the Dry Tortugas, Florida". www.ingentaconnect.com. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
  6. Cavalluzzi, Martin R.; Olney, John E. (1998). Preliminary guide to the identification of the early life history stages of blennioid fishes of the western central Atlantic, faunal list and meristic data for all known blennioid species (PDF). NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-416. p. 86.
  7. Brooks, Meriel; Strauss, Richard E. (1992). The Ontogeny and Evolution of Sexual Dimorphism in Paraclinin Blennies (Teleostei: Labrisomidae). Ann Arbor: The University of Arizona. p. 58.