Parapediastrum

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Parapediastrum
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Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Viridiplantae
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order: Sphaeropleales
Family: Hydrodictyaceae
Genus: Parapediastrum
E.Hegewald, 2005
Species

Parapediastrum is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. [1] It is fairly common in freshwater regions throughout the world. [2]

Parapediastrum forms flat, disc-shaped colonies, termed coenobia, of cells in powers of two, usually four, eight, 16, or 32. Marginal cells are divided into two lobes, which are each further divided into two lobes, making four lobes total. This distinguishes it from Pediastrum and other genera, which have marginal cells with one or two lobes that are never subdivided further. Internal cells are two- or four-lobed. There are inter-cellular spaces between the cells. Cells have one chloroplast filling the cell, each with a single pyrenoid. [3]

In 2005, molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that Pediastrum sensu lato was paraphyletic with respect to Hydrodictyon . Therefore, Pediastrum was split up into several genera, including Parapediastrum. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sphaeropleales</span> Order of algae

Sphaeropleales is an order of green algae that used to be called Chlorococcales. The order includes some of the most common freshwater planktonic algae such as Scenedesmus and Pediastrum. The Spaeropleales includes vegetatively non-motile unicellular or colonial taxa that have biflagellate zoospores with flagella that are directly opposed in direction : Sphaeroplea, Atractomorpha, Neochloris, Hydrodictyon, and Pediastrum. All of these taxa have basal body core connections.

<i>Gymnodinium</i> Genus of single-celled organisms

Gymnodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates, a type of marine and freshwater plankton. It is one of the few naked dinoflagellates, or species lacking armor known as cellulosic plates. Since 2000, the species which had been considered to be part of Gymnodinium have been divided into several genera, based on the nature of the apical groove and partial LSU rDNA sequence data. Amphidinium was redefined later. Gymnodinium belong to red dinoflagellates that, in concentration, can cause red tides. The red tides produced by some Gymnodinium, such as Gymnodinium catenatum, are toxic and pose risks to marine and human life, including paralytic shellfish poisoning.

<i>Micrasterias</i> Genus of algae

Micrasterias is a unicellular green alga of the order Desmidiales. Its species vary in size reaching up to hundreds of microns.

Neochloridaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Selenastraceae</span> Family of algae

Selenastraceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales. Members of this family are common components of the phytoplankton in freshwater habitats worldwide. A few species have been found in brackish and marine habitats, such as in the Baltic Sea.

<i>Eudorina</i> Genus of algae

Eudorina is a paraphyletic genus in the volvocine green algae clade. Eudorina colonies consist of 16, 32 or 64 individual cells grouped together. Each individual cell contains flagella which allow the colony to move as a whole when the individual cells beat their flagella together. Description by GM Smith :

<i>Ankistrodesmus</i> Genus of algae

Ankistrodesmus is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is one of the most common types of phytoplankton in freshwater habitats around the world.

<i>Monactinus</i> Genus of algae

Monactinus is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It is very common in freshwater regions throughout the world.

<i>Pediastrum</i> Genus of algae

Pediastrum is a genus of green algae, in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It is a photoautotrophic, nonmotile coenobial green alga that inhabits freshwater environments.

Pseudomuriella is a genus of green algae, specifically of the class Chlorophyceae. It is the sole genus of the family Pseudomuriellaceae. It is a terrestrial alga that inhabits soils.

<i>Pseudopediastrum</i> Genus of algae

Pseudopediastrum is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It is very common in freshwater regions throughout the world.

Selenastrum is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is common in freshwater habitats around the world. Most species prefer temperate or warm-temperate waters.

<i>Stauridium</i> Genus of algae

Stauridium is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It is very common in freshwater regions throughout the world.

<i>Rhodomonas</i> Genus of single-celled organisms

Rhodomonas is a genus of cryptomonads. It is characterized by its red colour, the square-shaped plates of its inner periplast, its short furrow ending in a gullet, and a distinctly shaped chloroplast closely associated with its nucleomorph. Historically, Rhodomonas was characterized by its red chloroplast alone, but this no longer occurs as its taxonomy has become increasingly based on molecular and cellular data. Currently, there is some debate about the taxonomic validity of Rhodomonas as a genus and further research is needed to verify its taxonomic status. Rhodomonas is typically found in marine environments, although freshwater reports exist. It is commonly used as a live feed for various aquaculture species.

<i>Pediastrum duplex</i> Species of alga

Pediastrum duplex is a species of fresh water green algae in the genus Pediastrum.

<i>Phacus</i> Genus of algae

Phacus is a genus of unicellular excavates, of the phylum Euglenozoa, characterized by its flat, leaf-shaped structure, and rigid cytoskeleton known as a pellicle. These eukaryotes are mostly green in colour, and have a single flagellum that extends the length of their body. They are morphologically very flat, rigid, leaf-shaped, and contain many small discoid chloroplasts.

Sirogonium is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales. It is found in freshwater areas on all continents but Antarctica. Spirogyra measures approximately 32–115 μm in width. Each cell contains 2–10 chloroplasts in a ribbon, in contrast to the closely related genus Spirogyra, which has chloroplasts in a coil. Molecular phylogenetic studies have placed Sirogonium inside a clade consisting of Spirogyra species; in other words, Spirogyra is paraphyletic with respect to Sirogonium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Batrachospermaceae</span> Family of algae

Batrachospermaceae is a family of fresh water red algae (Rhodophyta). Genera within the Batrachospermaceae generally have a "Lemanea-type" life history with carpospores germinating to produce chantransia. Sporophyte phase with meiosis occurs in an apical cell to produce the gametophyte stage. Pit connections have two pit plug cap layers with the other layer enlarged. This family of freshwater red algae is uniaxial, meaning each filament with a single apical cell. The genera included within Batrachospermaceae are listed in the table below.

Coolia is a marine dinoflagellate genus in the family Ostreopsidaceae. It was first described by Meunier in 1919. There are currently seven identified species distributed globally in tropical and temperate coastal waters. Coolia is a benthic or epiphytic type dinoflagellate: it can be found adhered to sediment or other organisms but it is not limited to these substrates. It can also be found in a freely motile form in the water column. The life cycle of Coolia involves an asexual stage where the cell divides by binary fission and a sexual stage where cysts are produced. Some of the species, for example, Coolia tropicalis and Coolia malayensis, produce toxins that can potentially cause shellfish poisoning in humans.

Prescottiella is a genus of green algae in the family Desmidiaceae, containing the single species Prescottiella sudanensis. Originally classified as Micrasterias sudanensis in 1958, it was moved into its own genus by Carlos E. M. Bicudo in 1976, due to its asymmetric character. It is named after Gerald Webber Prescott, an American phycologist.

References

  1. See the NCBI webpage on Parapediastrum. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information . Retrieved 2007-03-19.
  2. McManus, Hilary A.; Lewis, Louise A. (2011). "Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships in the Freshwater Family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae), with an Emphasis on Pediastrum duplex". Journal of Phycology. 47 (1): 152–163. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00940.x. PMID   27021721. S2CID   20549311.
  3. Bicudo, Carlos E. M.; Menezes, Mariângela (2006). Gêneros de Algas de Águas Continentais do Brasil: chave para identificação e descrições (2 ed.). RiMa Editora. p. 508. ISBN   857656064X.
  4. Buchheim, Mark; Buchheim, Julie; Carlson, Tracy; Braband, Anke; Hepperle, Dominik; Krienitz, Lothar; Wolf, Matthias; Hegewald, Eberhard (2005). "Phylogeny of the Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae): Inferences from rDNA Data". Journal of Phycology. 41 (5): 1039–1054. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00129.x. S2CID   83698514.