| Paraplesiops bleekeri | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Family: | Plesiopidae |
| Genus: | Paraplesiops |
| Species: | P. bleekeri |
| Binomial name | |
| Paraplesiops bleekeri | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Paraplesiops bleekeri, commonly known as the eastern blue devil, blue-tipped long-fin or Bleeker's blue devil fish, is a species of fish in the family Plesiopidae. This colourful, secretive fish is endemic to Australia, where it is a protected species.
This species grows to 40 cm, and is recognizable by blue and white bands on the body, blue spots on the head, and blue dorsal and anal fins. [4] It also has a yellow base, pectoral, and caudal fins. The pelvic, posterior dorsal, and anal fins are all elongated. [5] [6]
This species is a close relative of the southern blue devil ( Paraplesiops meleagris ), which lives in the colder southern Australian waters. [1]
The fish is found in coastal waters of eastern Australia between the Gold Coast of southern Queensland and Montague Island, [1] most commonly between Sydney and Ulladulla. [5]
This species is shy and secretive. Males have appeared to defend territories in caves or overhangs, where it remains to attract females and drive males away. [5] They are most active at night.
Paraplesiops bleekeri are benthic coastal reef inhabitants. [4] They live inside caves, under ledges and overhangs in reefs and estuaries. [4] [7] They were considered to inhabit waters ranging from 3 to 30 metres in depth, [1] [5] and are most often encountered in shallow waters less than 20 metres, however, recent observations suggest they also inhabit offshore reefs down to at least 50 metres. [4]
This fish is known to eat brittle stars.
This species is protected under the laws of New South Wales Fisheries, in particular, the Fisheries Management Act 1994. [4] It is illegal to collect or possess them without a permit. [1] [5]
They are protected because of their low abundance, and their desirability in the marine aquarium industry. [4]
Efforts to protect them have included the conservation and protection of benthic estuarine habitats, as well as rocky offshore reef areas where they breed. Some protected habitats are:
The specific name honours the Dutch ichthyologist and physician Pieter Bleeker (1819-1878) who named two congeners of this species. [8]
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Paraplesiops is a genus containing five largely allopatric species of fishes in the longfin, or roundhead, family Plesiopidae, commonly known as blue devils, bluedevils, or blue devilfish because of their colouration. The genus is most similar to the tropical genera Plesiops and Fraudella. It is restricted to subtropical and temperate rocky and coral reefs in Australian waters. Its species are mostly cryptic, occurring in submarine caves, crevices and under rocky ledges.
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Parma microlepis, commonly known as the white-ear, is a species of fish in the family Pomacentridae. This fish is endemic to Eastern Australia.
Epinephelus bleekeri, the duskytail grouper, Bleeker's grouper or Bleeker's rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region where it is associated with shallow banks.
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