Parides eurimedes

Mylotes cattleheart
Male
male, P. e. mylotes, Costa Rica
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Parides
Species:	P. eurimedes
Binomial name
Parides eurimedes (Stoll, 1782)
Synonyms
Papilio eurimedesStoll, 1782 Papilio arcasStoll, 1781 non Drury, 1773 (preoccupied)

Parides eurimedes is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is commonly known as the mylotes cattleheart, Arcas cattleheart, pink-checked cattleheart, and true cattleheart. It is native to the Americas.

Subspecies

In 2004, Gerardo Lamas combined Parides arcas and Parides timias into Parides eurimedes. He lists the following subspecies: ^[1]

• P. e. eurimedes(Stoll, 1782) (northern Colombia and northern Venezuela) ^{[2] [3]}
• P. e. agathokles(Kollar, 1850) (Colombia) ^[2]
• P. e. antheas(Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) (Colombia) ^[2]
• P. e. arriphus(Boisduval, 1836) (central Colombia) ^[2]
• P. e. emiliusConstantino, 1999 (western Colombia) ^[2]
• P. e. mycale(Godman & Salvin, 1890) (Panama to northern Colombia) ^[4]
• P. e. mylotes(H.W. Bates, 1861) (southern Mexico to Costa Rica) ^[5]
• P. e. timias(Gray, [1853]) (western Ecuador) ^{[2] [6]}

• 
  male P. e. timias
  Colombia
• 
  male P. e. timias
  Colombia
• 
  male P. e. timias
  Colombia
• 
  male P. e. mycale
  Panama

Description

The wingspan measures 7 to 8.5 cm (2.8 to 3.3 in). P. e. mylotes is black with both sexes having a red patch on the dorsal hindwing. The dorsal forewing of the male has a triangular green patch. The female has a white patch on the dorsal forewing. ^[7] A full description (as P. arcas and P.timias) is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906) ^[8]

Distribution and habitat

P. eurimedes is found in the Neotropical realm from Mexico to northern South America, where it is commonly found in tropical forests. ^{[7] [9]}

Life cycle

The purple-brown caterpillar is spotted with black. A white lateral stripe is found on each side of the body. The chrysalis is pale yellow green. ^[7] Host plants include Aristolochia grandiflora , A. nummularfolia , A. odoratissima , A. pilosa , and A. tonduzii . ^[2]

Taxonomy

Parides eurimedes is a member of the aeneas species group ^[10]

The members are

• Parides aeneas
• Parides aglaope
• Parides burchellanus
• Parides echemon
• Parides eurimedes
• Parides lysander – Lysander cattleheart
• Parides neophilus – spear-winged cattleheart
• Parides orellana
• Parides panthonus – panthonus cattleheart
• Parides tros
• Parides zacynthus

References

1. "Parides arcas arcas". World Field Guide. Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
2. Savela, Markku. "Parides eurimedes". funet.fi. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
3. Lewis, H. L., 1974 Butterflies of the World ISBN   0-245-52097-X Page 26, figure 1, female
4. Warren, A. D.; et al. (2010). "Parides eurimedes mycale". Butterflies of America. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
5. Warren, A. D.; et al. (2010). "Parides eurimedes mylotes". Butterflies of America. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
6. Lewis, H. L., 1974 Butterflies of the World ISBN   0-245-52097-X Page 26, figure 24, female
7. Opler, Paul A.; Lotts, Kelly; Naberhaus, Thomas (2010). "Mylotes Cattle Heart Parides eurimedes (Stoll, 1782)". Butterflies and Moths of North America. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
8. Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and online
9. Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). "Parides eurimedes (Stoll, 1780)". Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. p. 71. ISBN   978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
10. Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN   9783937783277

Further reading

• Lamas, Gerardo (2004). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part4A Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea. Gainesville, Florida: Scientific Publishers, Inc. p. 92. ISBN   0-945417-28-4.
• Glassberg, Jeffrey (2007). A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America. Sunstreak Books Inc. ISBN   978-1-4243-0915-3.