Parides phosphorus

Parides phosphorus
Subspecies P. p. gratianus, figure 13
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Parides
Species:	P. phosphorus
Binomial name
Parides phosphorus (H.W. Bates, 1861)
Synonyms
Papilio phosphorusBates, 1861 Papilio gratianusHewitson, 1861 Papilio phosphorus var. colombianusKrüger, 1925

Parides phosphorus is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm.

The larvae feed on Aristolochia .

Subspecies

• P. p. phosphorus Guianas, eastern Venezuela, Brazil (Pará)
• P. p. gratianus(Hewitson, 1861) Colombia
• P. p. vaviRacheli, 1992
• P. p. zopyronLamas, 1998 northern Peru
• P. p. lauraeBollino & Costa, 2004 southeastern Venezuela

Description from Seitz

For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.

P. phosphorus. Palpi red. Forewing somewhat transparent distally; male with dirty-green spot; hindwing rather strongly dentate, the red spots remote from the cell. Tibiae armed with spines, not thickened. Female with grey-green area on the forewing before the hindmargin, which occurs in no other female of the Aristolochia- Papilios. Colombia; Guiana; Lower Amazon; East Peru; perhaps more widely distributed. A rare insect; probably a swamp species which escapes observation. Two subspecies: — phosphorus Bates (3c) occurs in British Guiana and at the Lower Amazon. The green spot on the forewing of the male is narrow and separated from the cell. The forewing of the female has a row of 4 white spots on the grey-green area (always?). — gratianus Hew. (3 c) inhabits Colombia and East Peru. The green spot on the forewing of the male is much broader than in the preceding form; hindwing with only 3, or rarely 4, red spots, the series not curved. Forewing of the female with two white spots; the posterior spots of the hindwing large ^[1]

• 
  P. phosphorus phosphorus in Seitz

Description from Rothschild and Jordan(1906)

A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906) ^[2]

Taxonomy

Parides phosphorus is a member of the anchises species group ^[3]

The members are

• Parides anchises
• Parides cutorina
• Parides erithalion
• Parides iphidamas
• Parides panares
• Parides phosphorus
• Parides vertumnus

References

1. Jordan, K., in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . The Macrolepidoptera of the World. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
2. Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and online
3. Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN   9783937783277

• Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN   978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
• Lewis, H. L., 1974 Butterflies of the World ISBN   0-245-52097-X Page 26, figure 20
• Edwin Möhn, 2006 Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the World Part XXVI (26), Papilionidae XIII. Parides. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books. ISBN   978-3-937783-27-7 (Supplement 13 in English - by Racheli)