Paul Mantosh | |
---|---|
Member of Lok Sabha | |
In office 1990–1991 | |
Preceded by | Frank Anthony |
Succeeded by | Frank Anthony |
Constituency | Nominated Anglo-Indian |
Personal details | |
Born | Paul Mantosh Calcutta,West Bengal |
Other political affiliations | Indian National Congress (Organisation) Janata Party Bharatiya Lok Dal |
Spouse | Sandra Hogg |
Children | 2 |
Alma mater | University of Calcutta |
Occupation | Political and Social Worker |
Paul Mantosh is a prominent member of the Anglo-Indian community in India. He was a Member of Parliament,representing Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha the lower house of India's Parliament as a member of the Janata Dal. [1]
He started his political career as a youth activist in January 1967. In 1969,on the split of the Congress Party,he went with the Indian National Congress (Organisation) and in 1977 was a member of Janata Party. From 1980 to 1983,Secretary of Bharatiya Lok Dal-West Bengal. Then was a member of Janata Dal. Nominated by the President of India to the Lok Sabha as a Member of Parliament representing the Anglo-Indian community. Prominent Anglo-Indians and even non Anglo-Indians like Mother Teresa and union minister George Fernandes recommended his nomination.
He was also Vice-President,All India Catholic Union,Executive Committee Member,Catholic Association of Bengal and regularly contributed to The Herald (Catholic weekly). He was later briefly associated with the MRA (now,IofC) led by Rajmohan Gandhi,grandson of Mahatma Gandhi.
Paul Mantosh was associated with the Jayaprakash Narayan led Anti-Emergency movement of 1975–1977,under the leadership of Karpoori Thakur,who was later Chief Minister of Bihar. Since there was total censorship of all news and newspapers and journals by the government and tens of thousands of opposition leaders and activists were put in jail without trial or court orders,Paul Mantosh and his comrades would clandestinely circulate regular news broadcasts of Radio Germany,Voice of America and BBC about the Emergency in India. The Emergency in India was finally lifted in 1977 after international pressure,specially from Willy Brandt of Germany,Chancellor Bruno Kriesky of Austria,Prime Minister Olof Palme of Sweden,Prime Minister Joop den Uyl,of the Netherlands and Prime Minister Odvar Nordli of Norway,all of whose parties were in the Socialist International,to which the former Catholic seminarian turned firebrand Indian politician,George Fernandes' Socialist Party,also belonged.
Paul Mantosh stood for elections though unsuccessfully to Parliament (Lok Sabha) and later to Legislative Assembly of West Bengal. He is a veteran of many election campaigns including for Dr. Pratap Chandra Chunder,then Education Minister of India and for Rajmohan Gandhi in Amethi,U.P.
Chaudhary Charan Singh served as the 5th prime minister of India between 28 July 1979 and 14 January 1980. Historians and people alike frequently refer to him as the 'champion of India's peasants'.
Janata Dal was an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of Janata Party factions,the Lok Dal,Indian National Congress (Jagjivan),and the Jan Morcha united on 11 October 1988 on the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan under the leadership of V. P. Singh.
The Janata Party was a political party that was founded as an amalgam of Indian political parties opposed to the Emergency that was imposed between 1975 and 1977 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of the Indian National Congress. In the 1977 general election,the party defeated the Congress and Janata leader Morarji Desai became the first non-Congress prime minister in independent modern India's history.
George Mathew Fernandes was an Indian trade unionist,statesman,and journalist,who served as the 22nd Defence Minister of India from 1998 until 2004. He was a member of Lok Sabha for over 30 years,starting from Bombay in 1967 till 2009 mostly representing constituencies from Bihar. He was a key member of the Janata Dal and the founder of the Samata Party,now led by Uday Mandal its President. He held several ministerial portfolios including communication,industry,railways,and defence. In 2020,he was posthumously awarded the Padma Vibhushan,India's second highest civilian award.
The Indian National Congress (Organisation) also known as Congress (O) or Syndicate/Old Congress was a political party in India formed when the Congress party split following the expulsion of Indira Gandhi.
Rajmohan Gandhi is an Indian biographer,historian,and research professor at the Center for South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,US. His paternal grandfather is Mahatma Gandhi,and his maternal grandfather is Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari. He is also a scholar in residence at the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar.
Jivatram Bhagwandas Kripalani,popularly known as Acharya Kripalani,was an Indian politician,noted particularly for holding the presidency of the Indian National Congress during the transfer of power in 1947 and the husband of Sucheta Kripalani. Kripalani was an environmentalist,mystic and independence activist who was long a Gandhian socialist,before joining the economically right wing Swatantra Party later in life.
Although India is a parliamentary democracy,the country's politics has become dynastic or with high level of nepotism,possibly due to the absence of party organizations,independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party,or centralized financing of elections. The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national,state,regional,and district level. The Nehru–Gandhi family has produced three Indian prime ministers,and family members have largely led the Congress party since 1978. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also has several dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties,other national and regional parties such as Shiromani Akali Dal,Shiv Sena,Samajwadi Party,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal Secular,Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam,Kerala Congress,Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,Indian Union Muslim League,AIMIM,and the Nationalist Congress Party are all dominated by families,mostly those of the party founders.
Madhu Limaye,full name:Madhukar Ramchandra Limaye,was an Indian socialist essayist and activist,particularly active in the 1970s. A follower of Ram Manohar Lohia and a fellow-traveller of George Fernandes,he was active in the Janata government that gained power at the Centre following the Emergency. He,with Raj Narain and Krishan Kant was also responsible for the collapse of the Morarji Desai-led Janata government installed by that coalition,by insisting that no member of the Janata Party could simultaneously be a member of an alternative social or political organisation. This attack on dual membership was directed specifically at members of the Janata Party who had been members of the Jan Sangh,and continued to be members of the right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS),the Jan Sangh's ideological parent. The issue led to fall of the Janata government in 1979,and the destruction of the Janata coalition.
Raj Narain was an Indian freedom fighter and politician. He won in a famous electoral malpractice case against the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi,which led to her disqualification and imposition of Emergency in India in 1975. He defeated Indira Gandhi during the 1977 Lok Sabha elections.
Vidya Charan Shukla was an Indian politician whose political career spanned six decades. He was predominantly a member of the Indian National Congress,but also had spells in Jan Morcha,Janata Dal,Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya),Nationalist Congress Party and Bharatiya Janata Party. He was known as a close associate of Indira Gandhi.
General elections were held in India between 16 and 20 March 1977 to elect the members of the 6th Lok Sabha. The elections took place during the Emergency period,which expired on 21 March 1977,shortly before the final results were announced.
General elections were held in India on 3 and 6 January 1980 to elect the members of the 7th Lok Sabha. The Janata Party alliance came into power in the 1977 general elections amidst public anger with the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Emergency. However,its position was weak;the loose coalition barely held on to a majority with only 295 seats in the Lok Sabha and never quite had a firm grip on power. Bharatiya Lok Dal leaders Charan Singh and Jagjivan Ram,who had quit the INC,were members of the Janata alliance but were at loggerheads with Prime Minister Morarji Desai. The tribunals the government had set up to investigate human rights abuses during the Emergency appeared vindictive.
Karpoori Thakur was an Indian politician from the Bihar state. He was popularly known as Jan Nayak. He served as the Chief Minister of Bihar from December 1970 to June 1971,and from December 1977 to April 1979.
The politics of Odisha are part of India's federal parliamentary representative democracy,where the union government exercises sovereign rights. Certain powers are reserved to the states,including Odisha. The state has a multi-party system,in which the two main parties are the nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the regional,socialist Biju Janata Dal (BJD). The Indian National Congress (INC) has also significant presence.
Major Nawab Sayyid Zulfikar Ali Khan Bahadur was an Indian politician and an Indian army officer who ruled as Titular Nawab of Rampur from 1982 to 1992,succeeding his elder brother Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur.
The premiership of Morarji Desai extended from 24 March 1977 to 15 July 1979. In the 1977 Indian general election Morarji Desai led the Janata Party to victory against the Congress party. Upon taking office,Morarji Desai became the first Indian Prime Minister not belonging to the Congress party.
Chandra Shekhar was an Indian politician who served as the 8th Prime Minister of India,between 10 November 1990 and 21 June 1991. He headed a minority government of a breakaway faction of the Janata Dal with outside support from the Indian National Congress. He was the first Indian Prime Minister who had never held any prior government office.
Ram Dhan was an Indian politician and freedom fighter. He represented Lalganj in Lok Sabha a number of times. Ram Dhan was arrested on the night when Emergency was declared by Indira Gandhi.
Thampan Thomas is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Mavelikara,Kerala in 1984 as a member of the Janata Party. He is president of Socialist Party (India).