Joop den Uyl

Joop den Uyl
His Excellency ; Joop den Uyl
	Joop den Uyl in 1975
Prime Minister of the Netherlands
	In office; 11 May 1973 –19 December 1977
Monarch	Juliana
Deputy	See list Dries van Agt (1973–1977); Gaius de Gaay Fortman (1977);
Preceded by	Barend Biesheuvel
Succeeded by	Dries van Agt
Deputy Prime Minister
	In office; 11 September 1981 –29 May 1982 Servingwith Jan Terlouw
Prime Minister	Dries van Agt
Preceded by	Hans Wiegel
Succeeded by	Jan Terlouw
Minister of Social Affairs ; and Employment
	In office; 11 September 1981 –29 May 1982
Prime Minister	Dries van Agt
Preceded by	Wil Albeda
Succeeded by	Louw de Graaf
Minister for Netherlands Antilles Affairs
	In office; 11 September 1981 –29 May 1982
Prime Minister	Dries van Agt
Preceded by	Fons van der Stee
Succeeded by	Jan de Koning
Parliamentary leader in the ; House of Representatives
	In office; 16 September 1982 –21 July 1986
Preceded by	Wim Meijer
Succeeded by	Wim Kok
	In office; 16 January 1978 –11 September 1981
Preceded by	Ed van Thijn
Succeeded by	Wim Meijer
	In office; 8 June 1977 –8 September 1977
Preceded by	Ed van Thijn
Succeeded by	Ed van Thijn
	In office; 23 February 1967 –11 May 1973
Preceded by	Gerard Nederhorst
Succeeded by	Ed van Thijn
Parliamentary group	Labour Party
Leader of the Labour Party
	In office; 13 September 1966 –21 July 1986
Preceded by	Anne Vondeling
Succeeded by	Wim Kok
Minister of Economic Affairs
	In office; 14 April 1965 –22 November 1966
Prime Minister	Jo Cals
Preceded by	Koos Andriessen
Succeeded by	Joop Bakker
Member of the House of Representatives
	In office; 16 September 1982 –24 December 1987
	In office; 16 January 1978 –11 September 1981
	In office; 8 June 1977 –8 September 1977
	In office; 23 February 1967 –11 May 1973
	In office; 6 November 1956 –5 June 1963
Parliamentary group	Labour Party
Personal details
Born	Johannes Marten den Uijl; 9 August 1919; Hilversum, Netherlands
Died	24 December 1987 (aged 68); Amsterdam, Netherlands
Cause of death	Brain tumor
Nationality	Dutch
Political party	Labour Party ; (from 1946)
Other political; affiliations	Anti-Revolutionary Party ; (1937–1946)
Spouse(s)	Liesbeth van Vessem; (m. 1944;his death 1987)
Children	Saskia Noorman-den Uyl (born 1946) ; Marion den Uyl (born 1947) ; Barbara den Uyl (born 1949) ; Marten den Uyl (born 1951) ; Xander den Uyl (born 1953) ; Rogier den Uyl (born 1957) ; Ariane den Uyl (born 1965)
Alma mater	University of Amsterdam ; (Bachelor of Economics, Master of Economics)
Occupation	Politician · Civil servant · Economist · Journalist · Editor · Author
Signature

Last updated February 17, 2019

Johannes Marten den Uijl, better known as Joop den Uyl (Dutch: [ˈjoːb dɛn ˈœyl] ( listen );^[1] 9 August 1919 – 24 December 1987) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 11 May 1973 until 19 December 1977.

The Netherlands is a country located mainly in Northwestern Europe. Comprising three island territories in the Caribbean Sea—Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba— it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The European portion of the Netherlands consists of twelve separate provinces that border Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, with maritime borders in the North Sea with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. The official language is Dutch, but a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian.

The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the Netherlands.

The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the head of the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands in his quality of chair of the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister is de facto the head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates its policy with his cabinet. The current Dutch Prime Minister is Mark Rutte, in office since 2010.

Den Uyl a economist by occupation, worked during Second World War as a civil servant for the Ministry of Economic Affairs from 1942 until 1945 and as a journalist for the underground newspapers Het Parool and Vrij Nederland from 1942 until 1949 when he became director of the Wiardi Beckman Foundation serving from 1949 until 1963. Den Uyl was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after election of 1956 serving from 6 November 1956 until 5 June 1963 when he was appointed as an Alderman of Amsterdam serving from 8 November 1962 until 14 April 1965. Following the fall of the Cabinet Marijnen on 27 February 1965 a new cabinet was formed and Den Uyl was asked to become Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Cals. Den Uyl accepted and resigned as Alderman the same day she took office as the new Minister of Economic Affairs on 14 April 1965. On 13 September 1966 Anne Vondeling resigned as Leader of the Labour Party, Den Uyl was chosen to succeed him and became the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) for the election of 1967. Following the election Den Uyl served as Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives and a Member of the House of Representatives from 23 February 1967 until 11 May 1973. After the election of 1972 Den Uyl for a second time as Lijsttrekker won again four seats and after a long formation period a coalition agreement with the Catholic People's Party (KVP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Political Party of Radicals (PPR) and the Democrats 66 (D'66) was made which resulted in the formation of the Cabinet Den Uyl with Den Uyl becoming Prime Minister taking office on 11 May 1973.

Economist professional in the social science discipline of economics

An economist is a practitioner in the social science discipline of economics.

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.

The civil service is independent of government also composed mainly of career bureaucrats hired on professional merit rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership. A civil servant or public servant is a person employed in the public sector on behalf of a government department or agency. A civil servant or public servant's first priority is to represent the interests of citizens. The extent of civil servants of a state as part of the "civil service" varies from country to country. In the United Kingdom, for instance, only Crown employees are referred to as civil servants whereas county or city employees are not.

After his prime-ministership, Den Uyl remained in active politics and returned as the Parliamentary leader in House of Representatives from 16 January 1978 until 10 September 1981 and a Member of the House of Representatives from 16 January 1978 until 11 September 1981. He became Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, Minister for Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister from 11 September 1981 until 29 May 1982 in the Cabinet Van Agt II. After the fall of this cabinet, Den Uyl again became the Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives from 7 September 1982 until his resignation as Parliamentary leader and as the Labour Party Party leader on 21 July 1986, he was succeeded in both positions by Wim Kok. He served as a Member of the House of Representatives for the last time from 16 September 1982 until his death on 24 December 1987.

The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of the Netherlands, the States General, the other one being the Senate. It has 150 seats which are filled through elections using a party-list proportional representation. It sits in the Binnenhof in The Hague.

The Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment is the Dutch Ministry responsible for Social Affairs, Employment, relations between Employers and Employees, Social security, Trade unions and Emancipation. The Ministry was created in 1918 as the Ministry of Labour and had several name changes before it became the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment in 1981. The Ministry is headed by the Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, currently Wouter Koolmees.

The Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations is the Dutch Ministry responsible for Domestic policy, Civil service, Public administration, Elections, Local governments, Intelligence and Kingdom Relations. The Ministry was created in 1798 as the Department of Internal Police to monitor the state of dikes, roads and waters of the Batavian Republic. In 1876, it became the Ministry of the Interior and had several name changes before adopting its current name in 1998.

He was seen as an idealistic, but also polarizing politician. Throughout history, Dutch political leaders have tended to soothing manners - Den Uyl was one of a relatively few exceptions. People either loved him or hated him. Followers of his idealistic policies called him Ome Joop (Uncle Joop).^[2] He was criticized for creating a budget deficit and polarizing Dutch politics.^[3] Associated with Den Uyl was the maakbare samenleving (the makeable society, the idea that society is constructed and that government is a player in the construction). Another idea associated with Den Uyl was de verbeelding aan de macht (imagination in the driver's seat, the power of conceptual thinking, particularly in politics).^[4]

Biography

Early life

Johannes Marten den Uijl was born on 9 August 1919 in the town of Hilversum. He was born in a Calvinist reformed family. His father, Johannes den Uyl, was a shopkeeper and a basketweaver who died when Den Uyl was only 10. Den Uyl attended the Christian Lyceum (the present Comenius College) in Hilversum from 1931 to 1936. Following this he studied economics at the University of Amsterdam. During this period in his life he left the church. In 1942 he attained the doctorandus degree. Until 1945 he was a civil servant at the National Bureau for Prices of Chemical Products, part of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. During that period he was part of the underground newspaper group that published the clandestine Het Parool (The Password). After the Second World War he worked for Het Parool , Vrij Nederland and other former resistance papers. From January 1949 to 1963 he was head of the Wiardi Beckman Stichting, the think tank of the Partij van de Arbeid (Labour Party, a Dutch Social democracy party). In 1953, at the invitation of the American government, Den Uyl stayed for a few months in the United States, gaining an appreciation of the American experience.^[5]

Hilversum City and municipality in North Holland, Netherlands

Hilversum is a city and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the heart of the Gooi, it is the largest urban centre in that area. It is surrounded by heathland, woods, meadows, lakes, and smaller towns. Hilversum is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe.

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

The University of Amsterdam is a public university located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The UvA is one of two large, publicly funded research universities in the city, the other being the VU University Amsterdam (VU). Established in 1632 by municipal authorities and later renamed for the city of Amsterdam, the University of Amsterdam is the third-oldest university in the Netherlands. It is one of the largest research universities in Europe with 31,186 students, 4,794 staff, 1,340 PhD students and an annual budget of €600 million. It is the largest university in the Netherlands by enrollment. The main campus is located in central Amsterdam, with a few faculties located in adjacent boroughs. The university is organised into seven faculties: Humanities, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Economics and Business, Science, Law, Medicine, and Dentistry.

Politics

In 1953 Den Uyl was elected to the city council of Amsterdam and in 1956 he was elected to the House of Representatives. In 1963 he became municipal administrator for economic affairs in Amsterdam, resigning his parliamentary seat. He resigned that post in 1965 to become minister of economic affairs in the Cals administration. As the responsible minister, he decided to close the uneconomic coal mines of Limburg, causing high local unemployment. Following the parliamentary elections of 1967, he became leader of the Labour Party in parliament.

Amsterdam is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Netherlands. Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands, although it is not the seat of the government, which is The Hague. Amsterdam has a population of 851,373 within the city proper, 1,351,587 in the urban area and 2,410,960 in the metropolitan area. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country but is not its capital, which is Haarlem. The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 8 million.

Limburg (Netherlands) Province of the Netherlands

Limburg is the southernmost of the 12 provinces of the Netherlands. It is in the southeastern part of the country, stretched out from the north, where it touches the province of Gelderland, to the south, where it internationally borders Belgium. Its northern part has the North Brabant province to its west. Its long eastern boundary is the international border with the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Much of the west border runs along the River Maas, bordering the Flemish province of Limburg, and a small part of the Walloon province of Liège. On the south end, it has borders with the Flemish exclave of Voeren and its surrounding part of Liège, Wallonia. The Vaalserberg is on the extreme south-eastern point, marking the tripoint of Netherlands, Germany and Belgium.

Den Uyl's Labour Party won the 1973 elections in alliance with the progressive liberal Democrats 66 and radical Christian Political Party of Radicals, but failed to achieve a majority in parliament. After lengthy negotiations, he formed Kabinet-Den Uyl with the Christian-democratic Catholic People's Party and Anti-Revolutionary Party. This cabinet faced many problems. An early problem was the 1973 oil boycott following the Dutch support of Israel in the Yom Kippur war. Den Uyl said in a speech on national television that "things would never return to the way they were" and implemented fuel rationing and a ban on Sunday driving.

Between 1973 and 1977, the country's economic situation turned ugly. The government's budget deficit increased tenfold, inflation approached 10 percent, the unemployment rate doubled, and the current account went from positive to negative – the latter a critical problem in a country that rises or falls on foreign trade. Despite economic difficulties, however, the government was able to enact a wide range of progressive social reforms, such as significant increases in welfare payments, the indexation of benefits and the minimum wage to contractual private sector wage developments,^[6] a system of rent rebates (1975),^[7] and a universal work incapacity insurance scheme (1976).^[8] The Primary Education Act of October 1974 gave more freedom to school heads regarding the programming of the curriculum, and an Act of June 1974 made supplementary benefits available to unemployed persons who accepted lower paid- work. In addition, a law of June 1976 enabled employees aged sixty, two years after the first date of receipt of benefits (WWV scheme), to continue receiving them until the age of sixty-five. The purpose of this legislation was to improve the financial circumstances of older employees who are unemployed for a long time.^[9] In August 1976, job protection was introduced during pregnancy and for 12 weeks following childbirth.^[10] The number of years of full compulsory education were increased,^[11] and an Act on equal pay in the private sector was introduced.^[12] In addition, investments were carried out in social services, such as home care services for families.^[13]

A regulation was introduced in September 1973 providing for the employment of persons “for whom it is difficult to find employment and who have been in prolonged unemployment.”^[14] In January 1974, a statutory minimum wage for young people between the ages of 15 and 22 was introduced, and in March 1974 the insurance scheme for wage and salary earners was extended to cover the costs of physiotherapy treatment “where this has been prescribed by a doctor.”^[15] In September 1975, a regulation on the promotion of vocational training for young people was introduced, aimed at “a great number of young people who, as a result of the present educational system, depend on on-the-job training within the framework of the Apprenticeship Law.” The chances of obtaining an individual rent subsidy were also significantly increased, while an Act of June 1975 amended a number of existing Acts “with a view to introducing changes regarding the organization and the districts of factory inspection and the inspection of ports and dangerous machinery,” and also conferred legislative powers on the Minister of Social Affairs under the Act “concerning the loading and unloading of ocean-going vessels and extended the scope of the Silicosis Act.”^[16]

The Collective Redundancy (Notification) Act of 1976 imposed an obligation on employers (who intend to collectively dismiss employees) “to give written notice of this intention to the relevant trade unions for consultation,”^[17] while that same year consultative works councils were replaced by powerful ones modelled after the German works councils.^[18] Also in 1976, a law was passed forbidding dismissal upon pregnancy or marriage for all women.^[19]

A February 1976 regulation on accidents in nuclear installations provided for interministerial coordination on measures to be taken “in the event of accidents and for the preparation of an emergency plan,” while a law of June 1976 provided for special measures for unemployed persons who reached the age of 60 and who had used up their rights to unemployment benefit.^[20] A law of December 1976 relaxed the conditions for exemption from national insurance contributions or entitlement to ·pay reduced contributions, and also extended entitlement to orphans' pensions “to illegitimate children whose mothers are dead and who have not been recognized by their fathers.” The Asbestos Decree of April 1977 prohibited the storage and use of crocidolite (blue asbestos) and materials or ·products containing crocidolite and also prohibited “ the spraying of asbestos or materials or products containing asbestos and their use for thermal insulation or for acoustic, preservative or decorative purposes.” In September 1977, regulations were issued “regarding the conditions under which young persons of 16 and over may exceptionally drive agricultural tractors.” In May 1977, a subsidy scheme for the placing of handicapped persons was introduced.^[21]

In 1977 the cabinet fell due to a conflict between Den Uyl and the Catholic People's Party minister of Justice Dries van Agt. The Labour Party entered the elections under the banner "Vote for the Prime Minister". The Labour Party won by a landslide (it got over 33% percent of the votes, a relatively large share in the divided politics of the Netherlands at that time) and 53 seats. Labour's coalition partner Democrats 66 also made gains, from 6 to 8 seats. However, its other coalition partner Political Party of Radicals lost nearly all its seats, making it impossible for Den Uyl to form a new government that he could count on to support him in parliament. More than 200 days after the election, the Christian Democratic Appeal (a new party that was formed by Den Uyl's former coalition-members Catholic People's Party and Anti-Revolutionary Party, joined by the smaller Christian Historical Union) formed a cabinet with the liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, supported by a small majority of 77 seats (out of a total of 150).

After being opposition leader from 1977 to 1981, Den Uyl returned to government in 1981. The Labour Party formed a coalition with Christian Democratic Appeal and Democrats 66. Den Uyl became vice-minister president and minister for Social Affairs and Employment. Van Agt, by now Den Uyl's nemesis, led this cabinet. The cabinet was in constant internal conflict and fell after eight months. The Labour Party won the snap election of 1982, but could not agree on a new coalition with the Christian Democratic Appeal. As a result, Den Uyl returned to parliament and led the Labour Party in opposition until 1986. As leader of the main opposition party, Den Uyl - always a soft-spoken Atlanticist - provided cover for the government's controversial decision to place NATO cruise missiles on Dutch soil. In turn, this decision — and a similar one by the Belgian government — satisfied one of the West German conditions for the placement of cruise missiles and Pershing II missiles in West Germany.

Family and later life

On 30 August 1944, Den Uyl married Liesbeth den Uyl, née Van Vessem (18 June 1924 – 30 September 1990)^[22]^[23]^[24]. They had three sons and four daughters. Of those the eldest Saskia Noorman-den Uyl became a member of parliament for the Labour Party herself serving until 1994 until 2006. Xander den Uyl became a leading figure in ABVAKABO, one of the Dutch Labour unions and serves as Member of the Provincial-Council of North Holland for the Labour Party since 2011.

After the elections of 1986, in which the Labour Party won 5 seats but failed to retain its position as largest party, Den Uyl left politics. He was succeeded as leader of the Labour Party by Wim Kok. He died on Christmas Eve of 1987, aged 68, of a brain tumor.

Decorations

Ribbon bar	Honour	Country	Date	Comment
Honours
	Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion	Netherlands	5 December 1966
	Honorary Medal for Initiative and Ingenuity of the Order of the House of Orange	Netherlands	19 September 1974
	Grand Officer of the Honorary Order of the Palm	Suriname	4 September 1977
	Grand Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau	Netherlands	9 September 1982	Elevated from Commander (11 April 1978)

Honorary degrees

University	Field	Country	Date	Comment
Honorary degrees
University of Amsterdam	Economics	Netherlands	8 January 1985

Quotes

"Twee dingen:..." ("Two things:..." In interviews, many of Den Uyl's answers started with these two words, sending a signal to the listener to drop any expectation of a simple yes or no.)

Related Research Articles

Willem "Wim" Kok was a Dutch politician who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 August 1994 until 22 July 2002. He was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA).

The Christian Democratic Appeal is a Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CDA was originally formed in 1977 from a confederation of the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the Christian Historical Union, and has participated in all but three governments since then. Sybrand van Haersma Buma has been the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal since 18 May 2012.

Willem Frederik "Wim" Duisenberg was a Dutch Labour Party politician who served as the first President of the European Central Bank from 1998 to 2003. He also served as President of the European Monetary Institute from 1997 to 1998, President of the Central Bank of the Netherlands from 1982 to 1997, and Minister of Finance from 1973 to 1977. He was elected to the House of Representatives from 1977 to 1978.

Andreas Antonius Maria "Dries" van Agt is a retired Dutch politician, judge, diplomat and activist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 19 December 1977 until 4 November 1982.

Barend Willem Biesheuvel was a Dutch politician of the defunct Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 6 July 1971 until 11 May 1973.

Democrats 66 is a social-liberal political party in the Netherlands. Its name originates from the year in which it was founded.

Wouter Jacob Bos (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋʌutər ˈbɔs]; is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party.

Early general elections were held in the Netherlands on 29 November 1972. The Labour Party (PvdA) remained the largest party, winning 43 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.

Henricus Antonius Franciscus Maria Oliva "Hans" van Mierlo was a Dutch politician and founder of the Democrats 66 (D66) party. He served as Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 22 August 1994 to 3 August 1998 and Minister of Defence from 11 September 1981 to 4 November 1982. He was known for his abilities as a team leader, consensus builder and an advocate for Third Way-politics.

Political Party of Radicals Dutch political party

The Political Party of Radicals was a progressive Christian and green political party in the Netherlands. The PPR played a relatively small role in Dutch politics and merged with other left-wing parties to form GreenLeft in 1991.

Hans Wiegel is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

The Third Lubbers cabinet, also called the Lubbers–Kok cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 7 November 1989 tot 22 August 1994. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and Labour Party (PvdA) after the election of 1989. The centre grand coalition cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives. It was the last of three cabinets of Ruud Lubbers, the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal as Prime Minister, with Wim Kok the Leader of the Labour Party serving as Deputy Prime Minister.

The Second Lubbers cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 14 July 1986 until 7 November 1989. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) after the election of 1986. The right-wing cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives and was a continuation of the previous cabinet Lubbers I. It was the second of three cabinets of Ruud Lubbers (CDA) as Prime Minister, with Rudolf de Korte the former Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy serving as Deputy Prime Minister.

The First Lubbers cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 4 November 1982 until 14 July 1986. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) after the election of 1982. The right-wing cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives. It was the first of three cabinets of Ruud Lubbers (CDA) as Prime Minister, with Gijs van Aardenne of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy serving as Deputy Prime Minister.

The Second Van Agt cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 11 September 1981 until 29 May 1982. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Labour Party (PvdA) and the Democrats 66 (D'66) after the election of 1981. The centre-left grand coalition cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives. It was the second of three cabinets of Dries van Agt, the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal as Prime Minister, with Joop den Uyl the Leader of the Labour Party and Jan Terlouw the Leader of the Democrats 66 serving as Deputy Prime Ministers.

The First Van Agt cabinet, also called the Van Agt–Wiegel cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 19 December 1977 until 11 September 1981. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) after the election of 1977. The right-wing cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives. The Van Agt–Wiegel cabinet was the first to be composed of the newly formed Christian Democratic Appeal, which was formed from the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) on 11 October 1980. It was the first of three cabinets of Dries van Agt, the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal as Prime Minister, with Hans Wiegel the Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy serving as Deputy Prime Minister.

Den Uyl cabinet Dutch left-wing cabinet under prime minister Joop den Uyl

The Den Uyl cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 11 May 1973 until 19 December 1977. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Labour Party (PvdA), Catholic People's Party (KVP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Political Party of Radicals (PPR) and the Democrats 66 (D'66) after the election of 1972. The left-wing cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives. Joop den Uyl, the Leader of the Labour Party was Prime Minister, with Dries van Agt of the Catholic People's Party and Gaius de Gaay Fortman of the Anti-Revolutionary Party serving as Deputy Prime Ministers.

The De Jong cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 5 April 1967 until 6 July 1971. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Catholic People's Party (KVP), People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) after the election of 1967. The centre-right cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives. Piet de Jong of the Catholic People's Party was Prime Minister, with Johan Witteveen of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and Joop Bakker of the Anti-Revolutionary Party serving as Deputy Prime Ministers.

Wilhelm Friedrich "Gaius" de Gaay Fortman was a Dutch politician of the defunct Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

References

↑ Joop in isolation: [ˈjoːp] .
↑ (in Dutch) De mythe van het vechtkabinet van Joop den Uyl. University of Rotterdam. 2002
↑ (in Dutch) Suèr, Henk. "Joop den Uyl: verguisd en inspirerend" (PDF). Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 2010-04-17.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link). roodkoper.nl
↑ (in Dutch) "Onthullende biografie Joop den Uyl". Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-17.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link). University of Amsterdam. 21 February 2008
↑ International Institute of Social History, Archief Joop den Uyl, item 187. Retrieved on 9 October 2007.
↑ Wagenaar, H. (31 October 2000). "Government Institutions: Effects, Changes and Normative Foundations: Effects, Changes and Normative Foundations". Springer Science & Business Media – via Google Books.
↑ West European Housing Systems in a Comparative Perspective , p. 37, at Google Books
↑ http://aei.pitt.edu/9819/1/9819.pdf
↑ Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II, Volume 2 edited by Peter Flora
↑ "PF 2.5 Annex: Detail of Change in Parental Leave By Country" (PDF). Archived from the original on 21 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-21.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
↑ Hindman, Hugh D. (1 January 2009). "The World of Child Labor: An Historical and Regional Survey". M.E. Sharpe – via Google Books.
↑ Bagilhole, Barbara (1 January 2009). "Understanding Equal Opportunities and Diversity: The Social Differentiations and Intersections of Inequality". Policy Press – via Google Books.
↑ Starke, P.; Kaasch, A.; Hooren, F. Van; Hooren, Franca Van (7 May 2013). "The Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis". Springer – via Google Books.
↑ http://aei.pitt.edu/9801/
↑ http://aei.pitt.edu/9842/
↑ http://aei.pitt.edu/10250/
↑ Blanpain, Roger; Bellace, Janice R. (1 January 2012). "Trade Union Rights at the Workplace". Kluwer Law International – via Google Books.
↑ Regini, Professor Marino (11 December 1992). "The Future of Labour Movements". SAGE – via Google Books.
↑ http://nidi.knaw.nl/shared/content/output/2002/ssm-54-05-fokkema.pdf
↑ http://aei.pitt.edu/9819/
↑ http://aei.pitt.edu/10246/
↑ https://www.geni.com/people/Liesbeth-den-Uyl/6000000017015099203
↑ https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1990/10/01/liesbeth-den-uyl-van-vessem-overleden-6942530-a426101
↑ http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Vessem

External links

(in Dutch) Dr. J.M. (Joop) den Uyl (Parlement & Politiek)

Party political offices
Preceded by Anne Vondeling	Leader of the Labour Party 1966–1986	Succeeded by Wim Kok
Preceded by Gerard Nederhorst	Parliamentary leader of the Labour Party in the House of Representatives 1967–1973 1977 1978–1981 1982–1986	Succeeded by Ed van Thijn
Preceded by Ed van Thijn		Succeeded by Ed van Thijn
Preceded by Ed van Thijn		Succeeded by Wim Meijer
Preceded by Wim Meijer		Succeeded by Wim Kok
Political offices
Preceded by Koos Andriessen	Minister of Economic Affairs 1965–1966	Succeeded by Joop Bakker
Preceded by Barend Biesheuvel	Minister of General Affairs 1973–1977	Succeeded by Dries van Agt
Preceded by Barend Biesheuvel	Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1973–1977	Succeeded by Dries van Agt
Preceded by Gaston Thorn	President of the European Council 1976	Succeeded by James Callaghan
Preceded by Robert Pontillon	President of the Party of European Socialists 1980–1987	Succeeded by Vítor Constâncio
Preceded by Fons van der Stee	Minister for Netherlands Antilles Affairs 1981–1982	Succeeded by Jan de Koning
Preceded by Wil Albeda	Minister of Social Affairs and Employment 1981–1982	Succeeded by Louw de Graaf
Preceded by Hans Wiegel	Deputy Prime Minister 1981–1982 With: Jan Terlouw	Succeeded by Jan Terlouw

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[1] Joop in isolation: [ˈjoːp] .

[2] (in Dutch) De mythe van het vechtkabinet van Joop den Uyl. University of Rotterdam. 2002

[3] (in Dutch) Suèr, Henk. "Joop den Uyl: verguisd en inspirerend" (PDF). Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 2010-04-17.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link). roodkoper.nl

[4] (in Dutch) "Onthullende biografie Joop den Uyl". Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-17.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link). University of Amsterdam. 21 February 2008

[5] International Institute of Social History, Archief Joop den Uyl, item 187. Retrieved on 9 October 2007.

[6] Wagenaar, H. (31 October 2000). "Government Institutions: Effects, Changes and Normative Foundations: Effects, Changes and Normative Foundations". Springer Science & Business Media – via Google Books.

[7] West European Housing Systems in a Comparative Perspective , p. 37, at Google Books

[8] ttp://aei.pitt.edu/9819/1/9819.pdf

[9] Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II, Volume 2 edited by Peter Flora

[10] "PF 2.5 Annex: Detail of Change in Parental Leave By Country" (PDF). Archived from the original on 21 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-21.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)

[11] Hindman, Hugh D. (1 January 2009). "The World of Child Labor: An Historical and Regional Survey". M.E. Sharpe – via Google Books.

[12] Bagilhole, Barbara (1 January 2009). "Understanding Equal Opportunities and Diversity: The Social Differentiations and Intersections of Inequality". Policy Press – via Google Books.

[13] Starke, P.; Kaasch, A.; Hooren, F. Van; Hooren, Franca Van (7 May 2013). "The Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis". Springer – via Google Books.

[14] ttp://aei.pitt.edu/9801/

[15] ttp://aei.pitt.edu/9842/

[16] ttp://aei.pitt.edu/10250/

[17] Blanpain, Roger; Bellace, Janice R. (1 January 2012). "Trade Union Rights at the Workplace". Kluwer Law International – via Google Books.

[18] Regini, Professor Marino (11 December 1992). "The Future of Labour Movements". SAGE – via Google Books.

[19] ttp://nidi.knaw.nl/shared/content/output/2002/ssm-54-05-fokkema.pdf

[20] ttp://aei.pitt.edu/9819/

[21] ttp://aei.pitt.edu/10246/

[22] ttps://www.geni.com/people/Liesbeth-den-Uyl/6000000017015099203

[23] ttps://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1990/10/01/liesbeth-den-uyl-van-vessem-overleden-6942530-a426101

[24] ttp://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Vessem

v t e Second Van Agt cabinet (1981–1982)
Preceded by: First Van Agt cabinet Succeeded by: Third Van Agt cabinet
Prime Minister	Dries van Agt (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Ministers	Joop den Uyl (Social Affairs and Employment and Netherlands Antilles Affairs) Jan Terlouw (Economic Affairs)
Ministers	Ed van Thijn (Interior) Max van der Stoel (Foreign Affairs) Fons van der Stee (Finance) Job de Ruiter (Justice) Hans van Mierlo (Defence) Til Gardeniers-Berendsen (Health and the Environment) Jos van Kemenade (Education and Sciences) Henk Zeevalking (Transport and Water Management) Jan de Koning (Agriculture and Fisheries) Marcel van Dam (Housing and Spatial Planning) André van der Louw (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)
Minister without portfolio	Kees van Dijk (Development Cooperation)
State Secretaries	Saskia Stuiveling (Interior) Gerard van Leijenhorst (Interior) Hans van den Broek (Foreign Affairs) Hans Kombrink (Finance) Michiel Scheltema (Justice) Piet van Zeil (Economic Affairs) Wim Dik (Economic Affairs) Bram Stemerdink (Defence) Jan van Houwelingen (Defence) Ineke Lambers-Hacquebard (Health and the Environment) Hedy d'Ancona (Social Affairs and Employment) Ien Dales (Social Affairs and Employment) Ad Hermes (Education and Sciences) Wim Deetman (Education and Sciences) Jaap van der Doef (Transport and Water Management) Siepie de Jong (Housing and Spatial Planning) Hans de Boer (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)

v t e Den Uyl cabinet (1973–1977)
Preceded: Second Biesheuvel cabinet Succeed: First Van Agt cabinet
Prime Minister	Joop den Uyl (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Ministers	Dries van Agt (Justice) (1973–1977) Gaius de Gaay Fortman (Justice) (from 1977)
Ministers	Gaius de Gaay Fortman (Interior and Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs) Max van der Stoel (Foreign Affairs) Wim Duisenberg (Finance) Ruud Lubbers (Economic Affairs) Henk Vredeling (Defence) (1973–1977) Bram Stemerdink (Defence) (from 1977) Irene Vorrink (Health and the Environment) Jaap Boersma (Social Affairs) Jos van Kemenade (Education and Sciences) Tjerk Westerterp (Transport and Water Management) Tiemen Brouwer (Agriculture and Fisheries) (1973) Fons van der Stee (Agriculture and Fisheries) (from 1973) Hans Gruijters (Housing and Spatial Planning) Harry van Doorn (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)
Ministers without portfolio	Jan Pronk (Development Cooperation) Boy Trip (Science Policy)
State Secretaries	Wim Polak (Interior) (1973–1977) Laurens Jan Brinkhorst (Foreign Affairs) (1973–1977) Pieter Kooijmans (Foreign Affairs) Fons van der Stee (Finance) (1973) Martin van Rooijen (Finance) (1973–1977) Aar de Goede (Finance) Jan Glastra van Loon (Justice) (1973–1975) Henk Zeevalking (Justice) (1975–1977) Ted Hazekamp (Economic Affairs) Joep Mommersteeg (Defence) (1973–1974) Cees van Lent (Defence) (from 1974) Bram Stemerdink (Defence) (1973–1977) Jo Hendriks (Health and the Environment) Jan Mertens (Social Affairs) Ger Klein (Education and Sciences) (1973–1977) Antoon Veerman (Education and Sciences) (1973–1975) Klaas de Jong (Education and Sciences) (from 1975) Michel van Hulten (Transport and Water Management) Jan Schaefer (Housing and Spatial Planning) (1973–1977) Marcel van Dam (Housing and Spatial Planning) (1973–1977) Wim Meijer (Culture, Recreation and Social Work) (1973–1977)

v t e Cals cabinet (1965–1966)
Preceded: Marijnen cabinet Succeed: Zijlstra cabinet
Prime Minister	Jo Cals (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Ministers	Anne Vondeling (Finance) Barend Biesheuvel (Agriculture and Fisheries and Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs)
Ministers	Jan Smallenbroek (Interior) (1965–1966) Ivo Samkalden (Interior) (Ad interim) Koos Verdam (Interior) (from 1966) Joseph Luns (Foreign Affairs) Ivo Samkalden (Justice) Joop den Uyl (Economic Affairs) Piet de Jong (Defence) Gerard Veldkamp (Social Affairs and Health) Isaäc Arend Diepenhorst (Education and Sciences) Ko Suurhoff (Transport and Water Management) (1965–1966) Pieter Bogaers (Transport and Water Management) (Ad interim) Ko Suurhoff (Transport and Water Management) (from 1966) Pieter Bogaers (Housing and Spatial Planning) Maarten Vrolijk (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)
Minister without portfolio	Theo Bot (Aid to Developing Countries)
State Secretaries	Theo Westerhout (Interior) Leo de Block (Foreign Affairs) Max van der Stoel (Foreign Affairs) Wiel Hoefnagels (Finance) Joop Bakker (Economic Affairs) Gerard Peijnenburg (Defence) Adri van Es (Defence) Jan Borghouts (Defence) (1965–1966) Heije Schaper (Defence) (from 1966) José de Meijer (Social Affairs and Health) Louis Bartels (Social Affairs and Health) Hans Grosheide (Education and Sciences) Siep Posthumus (Transport and Water Management) Cees Egas (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)