This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
Rudolf Scharping | |
---|---|
Federal Minister of Defence | |
In office 27 October 1998 –18 July 2002 | |
President | Roman Herzog Johannes Rau |
Chancellor | Gerhard Schröder |
Preceded by | Volker Rühe |
Succeeded by | Peter Struck |
Leader of the Social Democratic Party in the Bundestag | |
In office 10 November 1994 –26 October 1998 | |
Preceded by | Hans-Ulrich Klose |
Succeeded by | Peter Struck |
Leader of the Social Democratic Party | |
In office 25 June 1993 –18 November 1995 | |
Preceded by | Björn Engholm |
Succeeded by | Oskar Lafontaine |
Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate | |
In office 21 May 1991 –15 October 1994 | |
Deputy | Rainer Brüderle |
Preceded by | Carl-Ludwig Wagner |
Succeeded by | Kurt Beck |
Leader of the Social Democratic Party in Rhineland-Palatinate | |
In office 1985–1993 | |
Preceded by | Hugo Brandt |
Succeeded by | Kurt Beck |
Leader of the Social Democratic Party in the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate | |
In office 19 June 1985 –21 May 1991 | |
Preceded by | Hugo Brandt |
Succeeded by | Kurt Beck |
Member of the Bundestag for Rhineland-Palatinate | |
In office 10 November 1994 – 18 October 2005 | |
Member of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate | |
In office 1975–1994 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Rudolf Albert Scharping 2 December 1947 Niederelbert,Germany |
Political party | Social Democratic Party (1966–present) |
Alma mater | University of Bonn |
Rudolf Albert Scharping (born 2 December 1947) is a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).
He first rose to prominence as Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate (1991–1994). He was his party's federal chairman from 1993 to 1995 and in 1994 ran an,ultimately unsuccessful,effort to oust Chancellor Helmut Kohl in the federal elections. In 1998,he became Defence Minister in the government of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder but resigned shortly before the 2002 elections.
From March 1995 to May 2001,he served as chairman of the Party of European Socialists (PES).
Scharping was born in Niederelbert. He studied politics,sociology and law at the University of Bonn. His master's thesis was on Social Democratic campaign techniques in Rhineland-Palatinate. [1] He speaks English. [2]
Scharping joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1966. In 1968,he was expelled from the party for taking part in an antimilitary protest against a fund-raising concert for the German military band. However,after a year,he rejoined the party. [3]
He was a member of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1975 to 1994. In 1985,he became his party's chairman in the state and in 1991,the young,full-bearded man led his party to a surprise victory over the Christian Democrats,which had dominated state politics until then. Forming a coalition with the Free Democratic Party,Scharping was elected Minister-President on 21 May 1991 - an office he would hold until 15 October 1994.
In 1993,following the resignation of Björn Engholm,the SPD was in need of a new party chairman that would lead them into the federal elections approaching next year. Scharping's success in turning in winning and governing a hitherto-CDU state,made him a candidate for that office. In an party-internal vote,Scharping won against Gerhard Schröder,the centrist Minister-President of Lower Saxony,and Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul,a representative of the party's left wing. At the time,he was the youngest leader in party history. [4]
In the 1994 elections,Scharping ran as the SPD's candidate for Chancellor. As part of his campaign,he included his long-term rivals Gerhard Schröder and Oskar Lafontaine in his shadow cabinet. [5] He made social justice the centerpiece of his campaign. [6] Throughout the campaign,he refused to commit to a coalition partner. While the environmentalist Alliance 90/The Greens were widely seen as his party's most likely partner,he himself had governed Rhineland-Palatinate in a coalition with the Free Democrats. [7] Sharping promised that he would move into federal politics,even if he lost the election.
Scharping's opponent in the elections was the CDU's Helmut Kohl,who then had been Chancellor for twelve years,had forged German reunification in 1990 but whose popularity had taken hits due to ailing economic recovery in East Germany. By March 1994,the much younger Scharping held a 15-point lead over Kohl in the polls [8] but eventually Kohl won the election,despite a decreased share in the vote.
True to his promise,Sharping resigned as Minister-President - his successor was Kurt Beck - and became leader of the opposition in Bonn. In his capacity as chairman of the SPD parliamentary group,he also served on the Committee on the Election of Judges (Wahlausschuss),which is in charge of appointing judges to the Federal Constitutional Court.
As chairman of the SPD,Scharping spoke out against the Euro that would leave Germany with a currency weaker than the Deutsche Mark. [9]
As leader of the opposition,Sharping was increasingly faced with criticism within his own party. While he preferred a centrist course aiming at capitalising on mistakes made by the Christian Democrats,more left-wing members and others sought a more confrontative approach,dubbing Scharping's line a Schmusekurs (cuddling course). After the SPD did not perform well in several state elections,Scharping was ousted from the party leadership at the 1995 federal party conference at Mannheim,Oskar Lafontaine,the Saarland's more left-leaning Minister-President (and himself a former,failed candidate for chancellor) addressed the party members in a rousing speech,to which Scharping's reflective mode seemed dry and boring. The next,Lafontaine defeated Scharping in an upset vote. Scharping,however,was elected as one of five vice-chairmen and retained that office in 1997,1999 and 2001. [10] Scharping also visually marked this defeat by shaving off his full beard.
From 27 October 1998 to 18 July 2002,Scharping served as Germany's Minister of Defence in the government of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. His tenure saw the first time that the German Bundeswehr fully participated in a war,as NATO bombed Yugoslavia to stop Serbian policies in the Kosovo region. This involvement proved very controversial among the German population,especially among the environmentalist and pacifict Alliance 90/The Greens,that were part of Schröder's cabinet. Scharping defended the bombing of Yugoslavia in reference to Operation Horseshoe,which later turned out to have likely been a hoax.
In 1999,Scharping established a government-appointed independent commission headed by former President Richard von Weizsäcker to develop recommendations on the reform of the Bundeswehr. [11]
By July 1999,Scharping was widely considered the leading candidate to become the new Secretary General of NATO;however,he declined that position. [12] [13] [14]
During a visit to United States Secretary of Defense William Cohen in 2000,Scharping was injured and briefly hospitalized after a steel security barrier sprang up beneath his motorcade as it arrived for an honors ceremony at the Pentagon. [15]
In 2001,Scharping was criticized publicly by Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld when he was found to be the source of a report that the United States would intervene in Somalia as part of the campaign against terrorism. [16]
In what was later called Majorca Affair,Scharping had his picture taken in the swimming pool in company of his girlfriend Kristina Countess Pilati while the Bundeswehr was about to begin a difficult mission in Republic of Macedonia. [17] He subsequently faced an investigation in parliament in over claims that he improperly used military planes to visit Pilati in Majorca and in Frankfurt. [18]
Ahead of the 2002 elections,Schröder dismissed Scharping after weekly magazine Stern reported that he had accepted some $71,000 from a Frankfurt public relations company in 1998 and 1999,while he was minister. [19]
Following his dismissal as Minister of Defense,Scharping withdrew his candidacy for reelection as vice chairman as his chances were meagre. His successor as vice chairman was again Kurt Beck. He kept his Bundestag seat but did not run again in the 2005 elections. For the remainder of his term,he served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Since leaving politics,Scharping established his own company with a focus on business development in China. Scharping is a passionate cyclist;in 2005,he became the chairman of the Bund Deutscher Radfahrer. In addition,he took on a variety of paid and unpaid positions,including as member of the board of trustees at the Bonner Akademie für Forschung und Lehre praktischer Politik (BAPP). [20] He is a Senior Network Member at the European Leadership Network (ELN). [21]
Edmund Rüdiger Stoiber is a German politician who served as the 16th minister-president of the state of Bavaria between 1993 and 2007 and chairman of the Christian Social Union (CSU) between 1999 and 2007. In 2002,he ran for the office of Chancellor of Germany in the federal election,and in one of the narrowest elections in German history lost against Gerhard Schröder. On 18 January 2007,he announced that he would step down as minister-president and as party chairman by 30 September,after having been under fire in his own party for weeks.
Helmut Josef Michael Kohl was a German politician who served as chancellor of Germany from 1990 to 1998 and,prior to German reunification,as the chancellor of West Germany from 1982 to 1990. He was leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to 1998 and oversaw the end of the Cold War,the German reunification and the creation of the European Union (EU). Kohl’s 16-year tenure is the longest of any German chancellor since Otto von Bismarck,and is the longest for any democratically elected chancellor of Germany.
Jürgen Trittin is a German Green politician who served as Minister for the Environment,Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder from 1998 to 2005.
Peter Struck was the German Minister of Defence under chancellor Gerhard Schröder from 2002 to 2005. A lawyer,Struck was a member of the Social Democratic Party.
Bernhard Vogel is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was the 4th Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1976 to 1988 and the 2nd Minister President of Thuringia from 1992 to 2003. He is the only person to have been head of two different German federal states and is the longest-governing Minister President of Germany. He served as the 28th and 40th President of the Bundesrat in 1976/77 and 1987/88.
Kurt Hans Biedenkopf was a German jurist,academic teacher and politician of the Christian-Democratic Union (CDU) party. He was rector of the Ruhr University Bochum.
Günter Verheugen is a German politician who served as European Commissioner for Enlargement from 1999 to 2004,and then as European Commissioner for Enterprise and Industry from 2004 to 2010. He was also one of five vice presidents of the 27-member Barroso Commission. After his retirement,he is now honorary Professor at the European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder).
Volker Rühe is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as German Defence minister from 1 April 1992,succeeding Gerhard Stoltenberg during the first government of a reunified Germany in the fourth cabinet of Chancellor Kohl,to the end of the fifth Kohl Cabinet on 27 October 1998. During his time at the Defence Ministry Rühe played a central role in placing NATO enlargement on the German political agenda. He unsuccessfully ran for the office of minister-president of the German state Schleswig-Holstein in the year 2000,eventually losing against incumbent Heide Simonis.
Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul is a German politician and a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) since 1965.
Oskar Lafontaine is a German politician. He served as Minister-President of the state of Saarland from 1985 to 1998 and was federal leader of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) from 1995 to 1999. He was the lead candidate for the SPD in the 1990 German federal election,but lost by a wide margin. He served as Minister of Finance under Chancellor Gerhard Schröder after the SPD's victory in the 1998 federal election,but resigned from both the ministry and Bundestag less than six months later,positioning himself as a popular opponent of Schröder's policies in the tabloid press.
Federal elections were held in Germany on 27 September 1998 to elect the members of the 14th Bundestag. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) emerged as the largest faction in parliament for the first time since 1972,with its leader Gerhard Schröder becoming chancellor. The Christian Democrats had their worst election result since 1949.
Federal elections were held in Germany on 16 October 1994 to elect the members of the 13th Bundestag. The CDU/CSU alliance led by Helmut Kohl remained the largest faction in parliament,with Kohl remaining Chancellor in a narrowly re-elected coalition with the Free Democratic Party (FDP). This elected Bundestag was the largest in history until 2017,numbering 672 members.
Federal elections were held in Germany on 18 September 2005 to elect the members of the 16th Bundestag. The snap election was called after the government's defeat in the North Rhine-Westphalia state election,which caused them to intentionally lose a motion of confidence to trigger an early federal election. The outgoing government was a coalition of the centre-left Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and Alliance 90/The Greens,led by federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. The election was originally intended for the autumn of 2006.
Peer Steinbrück is a German politician who was the Chancellor-candidate of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in the 2013 federal election. Steinbrück served as the eighth Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2002 to 2005,a member of the Bundestag from 2009 to 2016,and as Federal Minister of Finance in the first Cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2005 to 2009.
Kurt Beck is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD),who served as the 7th Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1994 to 2013 and as the 55th President of the Bundesrat in 2000–01. In May 2006,he succeeded Matthias Platzeck as chairman of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD). He resigned from that post in September 2008.
Hans-Ulrich Klose was a German politician from the Social Democratic Party and a member of the German Federal parliament. Klose was the First Mayor of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg from 1974 up to 1981,serving as President of the Bundesrat in 1979–80.
The politics of Rhineland-Palatinate takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic,where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Rhineland-Palatinate. The state has a multi-party system where the two main parties are the center-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the center-left Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
Gerhard Fritz Kurt "Gerd" Schröder is a German former politician who was the chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. From 1999 to 2004,he was also the Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). As chancellor,he led a coalition government of the SPD and Alliance 90/The Greens. Since leaving public office,Schröder has worked for Russian state-owned energy companies,including Nord Stream AG,Rosneft,and Gazprom.
Kurt Jung was a German politician (FDP) and architect. He was Parliamentary State Secretary to the Federal Minister of the Interior from 1972 to 1974,to the Federal Ministry of Transport and Posts and Telecommunications from 1974 to 1976 and to the Federal Minister of Defence from 1982 to 1983.
The 2021 Rhineland-Palatinate state election was held on 14 March 2021 to elect the 18th Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate. The outgoing government was a "traffic light coalition" of the Social Democratic Party (SPD),Free Democratic Party (FDP),and The Greens led by Minister-President Malu Dreyer.