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Year 1271 (MCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Stephen V was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1270 and 1272, and Duke of Styria from 1258 to 1260. He was the oldest son of King Béla IV and Maria Laskarina. King Béla had his son crowned king at the age of six and appointed him Duke of Slavonia. Still a child, Stephen married Elizabeth, a daughter of a chieftain of the Cumans whom his father settled in the Great Hungarian Plain.
Ladislaus IV, also known as Ladislaus the Cuman, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of a chieftain from the pagan Cumans who had settled in Hungary. At the age of seven, he married Elisabeth, a daughter of King Charles I of Sicily. Ladislaus was only 9 when a rebellious lord, Joachim Gutkeled, kidnapped and imprisoned him.
Ottokar II, the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until his death in 1278. He also held the titles of Margrave of Moravia from 1247, Duke of Austria from 1251, and Duke of Styria from 1260, as well as Duke of Carinthia and landgrave of Carniola from 1269.
Kunigunda Rostislavna was Queen consort of Bohemia and its regent from 1278 until her death. She was a member of the House of Chernigov, and a daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich.
The Duchy of Austria was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the Privilegium Minus, when the Margraviate of Austria (Ostarrîchi) was detached from Bavaria and elevated to a duchy in its own right. After the ruling dukes of the House of Babenberg became extinct in male line, there was as much as three decades of rivalry on inheritance and rulership, until the German king Rudolf I took over the dominion as the first monarch of the Habsburg dynasty in 1276. Thereafter, Austria became the patrimony and ancestral homeland of the dynasty and the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy. In 1453, the archducal title of the Austrian rulers, invented by Duke Rudolf IV in the forged Privilegium Maius of 1359, was officially acknowledged by the Habsburg emperor Frederick III.
The second Peace of Pressburg was a peace treaty concluded in Pressburg that brought a resolution to the earlier Austrian-Hungarian War (1477-1488). In 1490, Maximilian decided to dislodge the Hungarians from all over Austria, which succeeded, but his invasion of Hungary was repelled and the parties began to seek peace. It was signed on 7 November 1491 between King of the Romans Maximilian I and King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary. Under this agreement, Vladislaus renounced his claim on Lower Austria and agreed that Maximilian should succeed to the Hungarian crown if Vladislaus left no legitimate male issue. Vladislaus did have a son in 1506, however, so this condition had no effect.
Nicholas from the kindred Geregye was a Hungarian baron and landowner, member of the gens Geregye, who held several positions.
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Béla was the youngest and favorite child of King Béla IV of Hungary. His father appointed him Duke of Slavonia in 1260, but he only started to govern his duchy from 1268. He died childless.
Ivan Kőszegi was an influential lord in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. Earlier historiographical works also refer to him Ivan Németújvári. He was Palatine in 1281, between 1287 and 1288, and from 1302 until 1307, Ban of Slavonia in 1275, from 1284 until 1285 and in 1290, and Master of the treasury in 1276 and 1291.
Joachim from the kindred Gutkeled was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century. As a key figure of the struggles for power between the powerful barons in the 1270s, he kidnapped Ladislaus, the son of and heir to Stephen V of Hungary in June 1272, which was an unprecedented case in Hungarian history during that time and marked the beginning of half a century of turbulent period, called "feudal anarchy". Joachim was one of the first provincial lords, who sought to establish an oligarchic domain independently of the royal power. He was killed in a skirmish against the Babonići.
Stephen from the kindred Geregye was a Hungarian noble, who served as ispán of Vas County in 1260.
Roland (I) from the kindred Rátót was a Hungarian influential lord, who held several important secular positions for decades. He was also the ancestor of the Paksi family.
Henry (I) Kőszegi from the kindred Héder, commonly known as Henry the Great, was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century who was the founder and first member of the powerful Kőszegi family. Henry was one of the most notable earlier "oligarchs" who ruled de facto independently their dominion during the era of feudal anarchy.
Gregory (III) from the kindred Monoszló was a Hungarian lord, who served as the first known Judge of the Cumans in 1269. Through his marriage, he was a relative of the royal Árpád dynasty.
Nicholas (III) from the kindred Hahót was a Hungarian noble and landowner, whose rebellion against the newly crowned Stephen V of Hungary in 1270 was a dress rehearsal for the era of feudal anarchy lasted until the 1320s, and also caused the 1271 war between Hungary and Bohemia.
Benedict was a Hungarian prelate in the second half of the 13th century, who served as Archbishop-elect of Esztergom from 1274 until his death. Previously, he held various posts in the royal chancellery.
Lawrence (I) from the kindred Aba was a Hungarian influential baron and soldier in the 13th century, who was considered a loyal supporter of Béla IV of Hungary. He served as Master of the stewards from 1259 to 1270.
The Hungarian Civil War of 1264–1265 was a brief dynastic conflict between King Béla IV of Hungary and his son Duke Stephen at the turn of 1264 into 1265.
References
- ↑ Rudolf 2023, pp. 276–277.
- ↑ Rudolf 2023, p. 281.
