PhET Interactive Simulations

Last updated
PhET Interactive Simulations
PhET interactive logo.svg
PhET Circuit Construction Kit screenshot.jpg
Screenshot of PhET's Circuit Construction Kit Simulation
Type of site
Online education
Available in English, Afrikaans, Arabic, Bengali, Brazilian Portuguese, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hebrew, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Marathi, Norwegian, Odia, Persian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Thai, Turkish, Uzbek Vietnamese
Created by Carl Wieman
URL phet.colorado.edu
CommercialNo
Launched2002
Content license
Creative Commons (CC-BY)

PhET Interactive Simulations, a project at the University of Colorado Boulder, is a non-profit [1] open educational resource project that creates and hosts explorable explanations. It was founded in 2002 by Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman. PhET began with Wieman's vision to improve the way science is taught and learned. Their stated mission is "To advance science and math literacy and education worldwide through free interactive simulations."

Contents

The project acronym "PhET" originally stood for "Physics Education Technology," but PhET soon expanded to other disciplines. The project now designs, develops, and releases over 125 free interactive simulations for educational use in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, earth science, and mathematics. The simulations have been translated into over 121 different languages, including Spanish, Chinese, German, and Arabic; and in 2011, the PhET website received over 25 million visitors. [2]

In October 2011, PhET Interactive Simulations was chosen as the 2011 Microsoft Education Tech Award laureate. [3] The Tech Awards, presented by The Tech Museum of Innovation, honor innovators from around the world for technology benefitting humanity. [4]

History

After winning the Nobel prize in 2001, Wieman became particularly involved with efforts at improving science education and has conducted educational research on science instruction. He helped write Physics 2000 [5] to provide simulations to explain his work in creating the Bose-Einstein Condensate. As he gave public lectures, some incorporating simulations, [6] he noticed that "often the simulations would be the primary thing people would remember from my talk. Based on their questions and comments, it appeared that they consistently learned the physics represented in the simulations." [7] He then used money from a grant from the National Science Foundation Distinguished Teaching Scholars program, the Kavli Foundation, and a portion of his Nobel Prize money to found PhET to improve the way that physics is taught and learned. The PhET simulations differ from the Physics 2000 ones because users can interact with the simulation to change conditions whereas the Physics 2000 simulations are just videos. [8]

In 2007, Wieman moved to Vancouver, British Columbia while retaining 20% faculty position at the University of Colorado Boulder. The current director of PhET is Dr. Katherine Perkins, who has been with PhET since January 2003. Perkins hopes that the simulations’ accessibility and interactive nature will increase scientific literacy and promote student engagement in the classroom. [9]

Organization

PhET Interactive Simulations is part of the University of Colorado Boulder which is a member of the Association of American Universities. [10] The team changes over time and has about 16 members consisting of professors, post-doctoral students, researchers, education specialists, software engineers (sometimes contractors), educators, and administrative assistants. [11] The current director of PhET is Dr. Katherine Perkins.

Design and educational impact

PhET Interactive Simulations incorporates research-based practices on effective teaching to enhance the learning of science and mathematics concepts. [12] The simulations are designed to be flexible so that they can be used as lecture demonstrations, labs, or homework activities. [13] They use an intuitive, game-like environment where students can learn through scientist-like exploration within a simplified environment, where dynamic visual representations make the invisible visible, and where science ideas are connected to real-world phenomena.

A PhET simulation starts with three to five people including a content expert (scientist), a teacher, an educational researcher, and a professional software developer. The design begins with identifying specific learning goals that have proven to be conceptually difficult based on teachers' experiences in the classroom. The simulation design, look and feel is storyboarded, discussed, and then finally "coded." Each simulation is user tested through interviews with students and in classrooms, re-worked as needed and re-tested, before released on the PhET website. [14]

Along with testing every simulation, the PhET team performs education research on their simulations. They have shown in their research that when students explore simulations in addition to traditional labs, student concept understanding improves. [15]

PhET usage by educators

While PhET Interactive Simulations develops the simulations, it is primarily teachers and publishers who develop the educational activities which use the simulations, sharing these with the community. Contributors on the PhET site follow Open Education Practices (OEP), enabling teachers to use or adapt the activities freely. [16]

PhET simulations used as part of a larger lecture course PhetUniversity.jpg
PhET simulations used as part of a larger lecture course
High school students using PhET for a lab PhetHS.jpg
High school students using PhET for a lab

Other Open Education Resource organizations that provide ideas and reviews include:


Professional organizations also provide ideas for using PhET simulations. In the JCE Chemical Education Xchange (ChemEd X), members have blogged about how using PhET can help with specific topics like Stoichiometry Resources, [34] First Week Excitement, [35] PHYSICS 2000, [36] and Adding Inquiry to Atomic Theory. [37]

Research on use of simulations in education

Example screenshot of a simulation in PhET PhET sample simulation.png
Example screenshot of a simulation in PhET

The National Science Foundation has provided grants for several organizations to study PhET use: [38]

Other research grants:

Related Research Articles

Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process, some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Science Digital Library</span>

National Science Digital Library (NSDL) of the United States is an open-access online digital library and collaborative network of disciplinary and grade-level focused education providers operated by the Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education. NSDL's mission is to provide quality digital learning collections to the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education community, both formal and informal, institutional and individual. NSDL's collections are refined by a network of STEM educational and disciplinary professionals. Their work is based on user data, disciplinary knowledge, and participation in the evolution of digital resources as major elements of effective STEM learning.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl Wieman</span> Nobel prize winning US physicist

Carl Edwin Wieman is an American physicist and educationist at Stanford University, and currently the A. D. White Professor at Large at Cornell University. In 1995, while at the University of Colorado Boulder, he and Eric Allin Cornell produced the first true Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) and, in 2001, they and Wolfgang Ketterle were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Wieman currently holds a joint appointment as Professor of Physics and Professor in the Stanford Graduate School of Education, as well as the DRC Professor in the Stanford University School of Engineering. In 2020, Wieman was awarded the Yidan Prize in Education Research for "his contribution in developing new techniques and tools in STEM education".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Colorado Boulder</span> Public research university in Boulder, Colorado, US

The University of Colorado Boulder is a public research university in Boulder, Colorado, United States. Founded in 1876, five months before Colorado became a state, it is the flagship university of the University of Colorado system. CU Boulder is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank Oppenheimer</span> American particle physicist (1912–1985)

Frank Friedman Oppenheimer was an American particle physicist, cattle rancher, professor of physics at the University of Colorado, and the founder of the Exploratorium in San Francisco.

A concept inventory is a criterion-referenced test designed to help determine whether a student has an accurate working knowledge of a specific set of concepts. Historically, concept inventories have been in the form of multiple-choice tests in order to aid interpretability and facilitate administration in large classes. Unlike a typical, teacher-authored multiple-choice test, questions and response choices on concept inventories are the subject of extensive research. The aims of the research include ascertaining (a) the range of what individuals think a particular question is asking and (b) the most common responses to the questions. Concept inventories are evaluated to ensure test reliability and validity. In its final form, each question includes one correct answer and several distractors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Space Science Institute</span> Space organization

The Space Science Institute (SSI) in Boulder, Colorado, is a nonprofit, public-benefit corporation formed in 1992. Its purpose is to create and maintain an environment where scientific research and education programs can flourish in an integrated fashion. SSI is among the four non-profit institutes in the US cited in a 2007 report by Nature, including Southwest Research Institute, Planetary Science Institute, and Eureka Scientific, which manage federal grants for non-tenure-track astronomers.

John Gordon King (1925–2014) was an English-born American physicist who was the Francis Friedman Professor of Physics (emeritus) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the former director of MIT’s Molecular Beam Laboratory, and the former associate director of MIT’s Research Laboratory of Electronics.

MERLOT is an online repository and international consortium of institutions of higher education, industry partners, professional organizations, and individuals. MERLOT partners and members are devoted to identifying, peer reviewing, organizing, and making available existing online learning resources in a range of academic disciplines for use by higher education faculty and students.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Concord Consortium</span> Educational research and development organization

The Concord Consortium was founded in 1994 as an educational research and development organization to create large-scale improvements in K-14 teaching and learning through technology.

The Richtmyer Memorial Award is an award for physics education, named for physicist Floyd K. Richtmyer and given annually by the American Association of Physics Teachers. Its recipients include over 15 Nobel Prize winners.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christopher Monroe</span> American physicist

Christopher Roy Monroe is an American physicist and engineer in the areas of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information science, especially quantum computing. He directs one of the leading research and development efforts in ion trap quantum computing. Monroe is the Gilhuly Family Presidential Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics at Duke University and is College Park Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland and Fellow of the Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Computer Science. He is also co-founder of IonQ, Inc.

Physics education research (PER) is a form of discipline-based education research specifically related to the study of the teaching and learning of physics, often with the aim of improving the effectiveness of student learning. PER draws from other disciplines, such as sociology, cognitive science, education and linguistics, and complements them by reflecting the disciplinary knowledge and practices of physics. Approximately eighty-five institutions in the United States conduct research in science and physics education.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chandralekha Singh</span> Indian-American physicist

Chandralekha Singh is an Indian-American physicist who is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Pittsburgh and the Founding Director of the Discipline-Based Science Education Research Center.

Noah David Finkelstein is a professor of physics at the University of Colorado Boulder. He is a founding co-director of the Colorado Center for STEM Learning, a President’s Teaching Scholar, and the inaugural Timmerhaus Teaching Ambassador. His research focuses on physics education and on developing models of context, the scope of which involves students, departments, and institutional scales of transformation. In 2010, Finkelstein testified to the United States House Committee on Science, Space and Technology on how to strengthen undergraduate and postgraduate STEM education.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steven Pollock</span> American professor of physics

Steven J. Pollock is an American professor of physics and a President's Teaching Scholar at the University of Colorado Boulder, where he has taught since 1993. His specialisations are in physics education research and in nuclear theory. He is the 2013 U.S. Professor of the Year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heather Lewandowski</span> American physicist

Heather Lewandowski is a professor of physics at the University of Colorado Boulder. She looks to understand the quantum mechanical processes in making chemical bonds. She uses time-varying inhomogeneous electric fields to achieve supersonic cooling. She also studies how students learn experimental skills in instructional physics labs and help to improve student learning in these environments. She is a Fellow of the American Physical Society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wendy Adams</span> American physics educator

Wendy K. Adams is an American physics educator. She is known for her work on interactive educational simulations of physics including the PhET Interactive Simulations project, on the effectiveness of peer discussions on conceptual understanding of physics, on measurement of student beliefs about physical concepts, on public beliefs about what it is like to be a physics teacher, and on other aspects of physics education. She is a research professor of physics in the Colorado School of Mines. and the Executive Director of Get the Facts Out a national multi-society effort to repair the reputation of the teaching profession.

Ximena Cid is a Chicana and Indigenous American physicist; physics educator and physics education researcher; and advocate for increasing diversity and supporting minority students in STEM and physics. She is currently associate professor and past chair of the physics department at California State University Dominguez Hills. She is recognized as the first Latina student, as well as the first Indigenous student, to earn a PhD in physics from the University of Texas at Arlington. She is also recognized as likely the first Indigenous person to chair a physics department in the country. One of her research specialties is 3-D simulations to support the comprehension of systems such as gravitational fields, electric fields and magnetic fields.

Sarah Busby (Sam) McKagan is an American physics educator who directs several online portals for education resources in physics and related subjects. These include PhysPort and the Living Physics Portal of the American Association of Physics Teachers, aimed at physics and physics for the life sciences, respectively, and Effective Practices for Physics Programs (EP3), a project of the American Physical Society.

References

  1. Support PhET
  2. Guttenplan, D.D. (December 11, 2011). "Web Tutors Become Stars Far from Classroom". New York Times.
  3. "The Tech Award 2011". Archived from the original on 2012-11-09.
  4. McCracken, Harry (October 21, 2011). "Meet the Winners of This Year's Tech Humanitarian Awards". Time.
  5. "Physics 2000". University of Colorado Boulder. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  6. Cornell, E.A.; C.E. Wieman (2002). "Nobel Lectures in Physics 2001". Rev. Mod. Phys. 74 (3): 875–893. doi: 10.1103/revmodphys.74.875 .
  7. Wieman, Carl; Katherine K. Perkins; Wendy K. Adams (April 2008). "Oersted Medal Lecture 2007: Interactive simulations for teaching physics: What works, what doesn't, and why". American Journal of Physics. 76 (4): 393. Bibcode:2008AmJPh..76..393W. doi:10.1119/1.2815365. S2CID   30005032.
  8. "Reviews Web Watch- Interactive Simulations" (PDF). 2005 Phys. Educ. 40 81. IOP Publishing. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  9. Xue, Katherine (July–August 2012). "Alumni Science Simulator". Harvard Magazine. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  10. "Association of American Universities".
  11. "About PhET".
  12. Bryan, Joel (June 2006). "Technology for Physics Instruction". Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education. 6 (2): 230.
  13. Ash, Katie. "Programming Digital Fun Into Science Education". Education Week Digital Directions.
  14. Maki, Peggy (2004). Assessing for Learning: Building a Sustainable Commitment Across the Institution. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing. ISBN   1579224407.
  15. Wieman, Carl; Wendy K. Adams; Katherine K. Perkins (October 2008). "PhET Research: Simulations that Enhance Learning". Science. 322 (5902): 682–3. doi: 10.1126/science.1161948 . PMID   18974334.
  16. "PhET For Teachers". PhET Interactive Simulations. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
  17. "National Digital Science Literacy Maps" . Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  18. Dushay, Naomi (2003). Analyzing metadata for effective use and re-use. Proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.210.8888 .{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  19. Developing a Digital National Library for Undergraduate Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology Education: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 1998. pp. 53–57. ISBN   978-0-309-05977-0.
  20. Kyrillidou, Martha (2005). Developing the DigiQUAL protocol for digital library evaluation. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries: ACM Press. pp. 172–173.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  21. "MERLOT Physics". MERLOT at California State University. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  22. Advances in Web-Based Learning - ICWL 2004: Third International Conference, Beijing, China, August 8–11, 2004, Proceedings, Volume 3 (Google eBook)
  23. "MERLOT Physics Showcase". MERLOT at California State University. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  24. "MERLOT Physics". MERLOT at California State University. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  25. "Physics Front". AAPT and NSF-NSDL. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  26. "The Physics Front". AAPT and NSF-NSDL. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  27. "Physics Front". search for phet activities. AAPT and NSF-NSDL. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  28. "Pedagogy in Action". Science Education Resource Center @ Carlton College. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  29. "Pedagogy in Action Library". Science Education Resource Center @ Carlton College. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  30. "Resources for Using PhET in class". Science Education Resource Center @ Carlton College. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  31. "The International Association for K-12 Online Learning" . Retrieved 23 June 2013.
  32. Vander Ark, Tom (June 17, 2013). "10 Ways Smart Cities Develop & Support Teachers". Education Week. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
  33. "Open Educational Resources and Collaborative Content Development – A Practical Guide for State and School Leaders" (PDF). iNACOL. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
  34. Cullen, Deanna. "Stoichiometric Resources". Division of Chemical Education. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  35. Cullen, Deanna. "First Week Excitement". Division of Chemical Education. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  36. Cullen, Deanna. "PHYSICS 2000". Division of Chemical Education. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  37. Cullen, Deanna. "Adding Inquiry to Atomic Theory". Division of Chemical Education. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  38. "awards". search PhET. National Science Foundation. Retrieved 22 August 2013.