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Mead, also called hydromel, is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting honey mixed with water, and sometimes with added ingredients such as fruits, spices, grains, or hops. The alcoholic content ranges from about 3.5% ABV to more than 20%. The defining characteristic of mead is that the majority of the beverage's fermentable sugar is derived from honey. It may be still, carbonated, or naturally sparkling; dry, semi-sweet, or sweet.
The Lymexylidae, also known as ship-timber beetles, are a family of wood-boring beetles. Lymexylidae belong to the suborder Polyphaga and are the sole member of the superfamily Lymexyloidea.
Komagataella is a methylotrophic yeast within the order Saccharomycetales. It was found in the 1960s as Pichia pastoris, with its feature of using methanol as a source of carbon and energy. In 1995, P. pastoris was reassigned into the sole representative of genus Komagataella, becoming Komagataella pastoris. Later studies have further distinguished new species in this genus, resulting in a total of 7 recognized species. It is not uncommon to see the old name still in use in the context of protein production, as of 2023; in less formal use, the yeast may confusingly be referred to as pichia.
Saccharomycotina is a subdivision (subphylum) of the division (phylum) Ascomycota in the kingdom Fungi. It comprises most of the ascomycete yeasts. The members of Saccharomycotina reproduce by budding and they do not produce ascocarps.
Pichia is a genus of yeasts in the family Pichiaceae with spherical, elliptical, or oblong acuminate cells. Pichia is a teleomorph, and forms hat-shaped, hemispherical, or round ascospores during sexual reproduction. The anamorphs of some Pichia species are Candida species. The asexual reproduction is by multilateral budding.
Yarrowia is a fungal genus in the family Dipodascaceae. For a while the genus was monotypic, containing the single species Yarrowia lipolytica, a yeast that can use unusual carbon sources, such as hydrocarbons. This has made it of interest for use in industrial microbiology, especially for the production of specialty lipids. Molecular phylogenetics analysis has revealed several other species that have since been added to the genus.
Nakazawaea is a genus of yeast in the order Saccharomycetales. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is not fully unknown.
Phaffomyces is a genus of fungi within the Saccharomycetales order. It is placed within the Pichiaceae fungi family.
Starmera is a genus of fungi within the Saccharomycetales order. It is placed within the Phaffomycetaceae family.
Kuraishia is a genus of two species of ascomycetous yeasts in the family Saccharomycetaceae. The type species Kuraishia capsulata was originally described as a member of Hansenula in 1953.
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Ogataea is a genus of ascomycetous yeasts in the family Saccharomycetaceae. It was separated from the former genus Hansenula via an examination of their 18S and 26S rRNA partial base sequencings by Yamada et al. 1994.
William Thomas Starmer is an emeritus professor of biology in the College of Arts and Sciences at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. Starmer is known for his work on population genetics, specifically the ecological genetics of the interactions between cactus, yeast, and fruit flies (Drosophila). Species of Drosophila and yeast have been named in his honor.
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Wickerhamomyces is a genus of fungi within the Saccharomycetales order. It is placed within the family of Phaffomycetaceae.
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Cyberlindnera is a genus of yeasts in the Phaffomycetaceae family. Its name is derived from the Latin word “Ciber,” which originates from “Cibus,” meaning “food” and "sustenance". Early German mycologist Paul Lindner, honored for his contributions to descriptions of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomycopsis (Endomyces) fibuligera and other notable species of Saccharomyces and Pichia, is the source of the "-lindnera" portion of the name. The genus has gone through many trials, reevaluations, and verifications to become the organized assortment of species it is today. Species under this genus interact with other organisms in a wide variety of ways and can be found across the globe. They are used by humans for their toxicity, fermentation abilities, and capacity to assimilate many organic compounds.
Mrakia is a genus of fungi in the order Cystofilobasidiales. The genus comprises yeasts, some of which have a hyphal state forming teliospores from which basidia arise. Mrakia species are typically psychrophilic, many originally isolated from glaciers and frigid environments, and are capable of low-temperature fermentation, making them of potential interest in brewing and bioremediation.
References
- ↑ "Phaffomyces Y.Yamada, 1997". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
- ↑ McGorum, Bruce C.; Chen, Zihao; Glendinning, Laura; Gweon, Hyun S.; Hunt, Luanne; Ivens, Alasdair; Keen, John A.; Scott Pirie, R.; Taylor, Joanne; Wilkinson, Toby; McLachlan, Gerry (2021). "Equine grass sickness (a multiple systems neuropathy) is associated with alterations in the gastrointestinal mycobiome". Animal Microbiome. 3 (70).
- ↑ Drouin, Pascal; Ferrero, Francesco (December 2020). "Testing selectivity of bacterial and fungal culture media compared to original silage samples using next generation sequencing". Journal of Microbiological Methods. 179.
- ↑ Fentie, Eskindir Getachew; Jeong, Minsoo; Emire, Shimelis Admassu; Demsash, Hundessa Dessalegn; Kim, Min A.; Jeon, Hwang-Ju; Lee, Sung-Eun; Tagele, Setu Bazie; Park, Yeong-Jun; Shin, Jae-Ho (June 2022). "Microbiome dataset of spontaneously fermented Ethiopian honey wine, Tej". Data in Brief. 42.
- ↑ Peng, Na; Yao, Ziting; Wang, Ziting; Huang, Jiangfeng; Khan, Muhammad Tahir; Chen, Baoshan; Zhang, Muqing (2021). "Fungal deterioration of the bagasse storage from the harvested sugarcane". Biotechnology for Biofuels. 14 (152).
- ↑ "Phaffomycetaceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ↑ Kurtzman, Cletus P. (2011). "Chapter 80 - Wickerhamomyces Kurtzman, Robnett & Basehoar-Powers (2008)". The Yeasts (5 ed.). pp. 899–917.