The Cat Ba langur, also known as the golden-headed langur, is a critically endangered species of langur endemic to Cát Bà Island, Vietnam. It is among the rarest primates in the world, and possibly the rarest primate in Asia, with population size estimated at less than 70 individuals.
Odorrana wuchuanensis, also known as the Wuchuan odorous frog or Wuchuan frog, is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to southern–central China: Guizhou, Guanxi, and Hubei provinces. For a long time, it was only known from a single limestone cave in Baicun, Wuchuan. Adults live in limestone caves in karst areas, often on cliffs inside caves, near ponds. Tadpoles can be found also outside cases.
The Bermuda night heron is an extinct heron species from Bermuda.
The Philippine pygmy roundleaf bat, also called the Philippine pygmy leaf-nosed bat, is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it has been recorded on Bohol, Luzon, Marinduque, Negros, Panay, and Mindanao.
Speleoperipatus is a monospecific genus of velvet worm in the Peripatidae family, containing the single species Speleoperipatus spelaeus. This species is a pale greenish yellow, almost white, with 22 or 23 pairs of legs and no eyes. Specimens range from 27 mm to 34 mm in length. The minimum number of leg pairs found in this species (22) is also the minimum number found in the neotropical Peripatidae. This velvet worm is viviparous, with mothers supplying nourishment to their embryos through a placenta.
Barbouria is a genus of shrimp in the family Barbouriidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Barbouria cubensis.
Bermudamysis speluncola is a species of crustacean in the family Mysidae, endemic to Bermuda, and the only species in the genus Bermudamysis.
Ingolfiella longipes is a species of amphipod crustacean in the family Ingolfiellidae. It is known from a single specimen held at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center. It was collected from Walsingham Sink Cave, an anchialine cave in Hamilton Parish, Bermuda, and is thus considered to be critically endangered.
Mictocaris halope is the only species of cave crustacean in the monotypic genus Mictocaris. It is placed in its own family, Mictocarididae, and is sometimes considered the only member of the order Mictacea. Mictocaris is endemic to anchialine caves in Bermuda, and grows up to 3.5 mm (0.14 in) long. Its biology is poorly known.
Platyops sterreri is a species of crustacean in the family Mysidae, endemic to Bermuda, the only species in the genus Platyops.
Procaris chacei is a species of shrimp in the family Procarididae. The genus was first described in 1986 by Charles W. Hart Jr. and Raymond Manning.
Speleophria bivexilla is a species of copepod in the family Speleophriidae. It is endemic to Bermuda.
Speleophria scottodicarloi is a species of crustacean in the family Speleophriidae. It is endemic to Chalk Cave, a collapsed cave in Smith's Parish, Bermuda, and it listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. The pool it inhabits also contains Barbouria cubensis, Somersiella sterreri and Paracyclopia naessi.
Kock's mouse-eared bat is a species of mouse-eared bat found in the Republic of the Congo.
Platycopiidae is a family of copepods. Until the description of Nanocopia in 1988, it contained the single genus Platycopia. It now contains four genera, three of which are monotypic; the exception is Platycopia, with 8 species.
The Bermuda flicker is an extinct woodpecker from the genus Colaptes. It was confined to Bermuda and is known only by fossil remains dated to the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. However, an old travel report by explorer Captain John Smith from the 17th century may also refer to this species.
Hipposideros rotalis, the Laotian leaf-nosed bat or Laotian roundleaf bat, is a species of bat from the family Rhinolophidae which is thought to be endemic to Laos. Only a small number of individuals have been recorded, however the population size is thought to be large as it has been found to cover a range of more than 20,000 km2.
Daipotamon minos is a cavernicolous freshwater crab species found in a single limestone cave near La Tai village in Libo county, Guizhou province at an altitude of about 600 m above sea level, where it inhabits slowly flowing or stagnant parts of a subterranean river. It is the only species of the genus Daipotamon.
Henrigirardia wienini is a species of terrestrial gastropod in the family Moitessieriidae endemic to caves near Aniane, France. It is the sole species in the genus Henrigirardia. H. wienini inhabits subterranean waters in two localities in the Fontanilles cave-river, and the type locality in the Herault Valley. It is listed by the IUCN as Critically Endangered with the caveat 'possibly extinct' on IUCN criterion B1ab(iii) due to threats from ongoing water abstraction for domestic and agricultural purposes. Although it is not as significant or possibly not present, agricultural and domestic pollution can be dangerous to subterranean species. Specimens grow to 1.5mm, and have a characteristic thrown-out last whorl and aperture. The tuba ends on an out turned aperture that reflexes up to 90 degrees upwards.
An anchialine system is a landlocked body of water with a subterranean connection to the ocean. Depending on its formation, these systems can exist in one of two primary forms: pools or caves. The primary differentiating characteristics between pools and caves is the availability of light; cave systems are generally aphotic while pools are euphotic. The difference in light availability has a large influence on the biology of a given system. Anchialine systems are a feature of coastal aquifers which are density stratified, with water near the surface being fresh or brackish, and saline water intruding from the coast at depth. Depending on the site, it is sometimes possible to access the deeper saline water directly in the anchialine pool, or sometimes it may be accessible by cave diving.
