Hydnellum is a genus of tooth fungi in the family Bankeraceae. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, the genus contains around 40 species. The fruitbodies of its members grow by slowly enveloping nearby bits of grass and vegetation. There is great variability in the form of Hydnellum fruitbodies, which are greatly influenced by environmental conditions such as rainfall and humidity, drying winds, and temperature. They are too tough and woody to eat comfortably. Several species have become the focus of increasing conservation concern following widespread declines in abundance.
Phellodon is a genus of tooth fungi in the family Bankeraceae. Species have small- to medium-sized fruitbodies with white spines on the underside from which spores are released. All Phellodon have a short stalk or stipe, and so the genus falls into the group known as stipitate hydnoid fungi. The tough and leathery flesh usually has a pleasant, fragrant odor, and develops a cork-like texture when dry. Neighboring fruitbodies can fuse, sometimes producing large mats of joined caps. Phellodon species produce a white spore print, while the individual spores are roughly spherical to ellipsoid in shape, with spiny surfaces.
Climacodon is a widespread genus of tooth fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae.
Steccherinum is a widely distributed genus of toothed crust fungi in the family Steccherinaceae.
Stegiacantha is a fungal genus in the family Meruliaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Stegiacantha petaloides, found in Madagascar. This fungus was first described by American mycologist Curtis Gates Lloyd in 1913 as Hydnum petaloides. Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus circumscribed Stegiacantha to contain the fungus in 1966.
The hydnoid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota with basidiocarps producing spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. They are colloquially called tooth fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Hydnum, but it is now known that not all hydnoid species are closely related.
Phellodon sinclairii is a native tooth fungus found in beech forests of New Zealand. It was first described by Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1867 as a species of Hydnum in Joseph Dalton Hooker's work Handbook of the New Zealand Flora. The type locality was on Maungatua. Gordon Herriot Cunningham transferred the species to the genus Phellodon in 1958.
Hydnellum fuscoindicum is a species of tooth fungus in the genus Hydnellum. It is found in the Pacific Northwest in moss around western hemlocks. It produces fruit bodies with a violet-black cap, violet flesh, and violet spines on the cap underside. The odor and taste are very farinaceous. The fungus was first described by Kenneth A. Harrison in 1964 as a species of Hydnum, then transferred to Sarcodon in 1967 by Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus. He placed this species in section Violacei of Sarcodon, along with H. fuligineoviolaceum and H. joeides.
Phellodon rufipes is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was described as new to science in 1971 by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus, from collections made in Japan.
Phellodon plicatus is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in Australia, it was first described in 1925 by Curtis Gates Lloyd as a species of Hydnum. Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus transferred it to the genus Phellodon in 1966.
Phellodon niger, commonly known as the black tooth, is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae, and the type species of the genus Phellodon. It was originally described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1815 as a species of Hydnum. Petter Karsten included it as one of the original three species when he circumscribed Phellodon in 1881. The fungus is found in Europe and North America, although molecular studies suggest that the North American populations represent a similar but genetically distinct species.
Hydnellum fuligineoviolaceum is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was originally described in 1874 by Hungarian mycologist Károly Kalchbrenner as Hydnum fuligineoviolaceum, in Elias Fries's work Hymenomycetes europaei. Narcisse Théophile Patouillard transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1900. Sarcodon talpa, published by Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus in 1967, is a synonym.
Sarcodon aglaosoma is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in Papua New Guinea, it was described as new to science in 1976 by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus. It is quite similar to H. joeides and S. ianthinus, both also from New Guinea.
Sarcodon bubalinus is a European species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. First described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1825 as Hydnum bubalinum, it was transferred to the genus Sarcodon by Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus in 1956.
Sarcodon illudens is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was described in 1976 by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus, from collections made in France.
Hydnellum martioflavum is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae, found in Europe and North America.
Sarcodon wrightii is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was first described in 1860 by Miles Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis as Hydnum wrightii. They were sent a specimen collected from Japan as part of the North Pacific Exploring and Surveying Expedition (1853–56). Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1967. The fungus produces roughly spherical spores that are tuberculate and measure 5.5–6.5 by 4.5–5.5 μm.
Sarcodon thwaitesii is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It is found in Asia, Europe, and New Zealand, where it fruits on the ground in mixed forest.
Mycorrhaphium stereoides is a species of tooth fungus in the family Steccherinaceae. The fungus was first described by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke in 1892 as Hydnum stereoides. The original specimens were collected in Perak, Malaysia, where they were found growing on a tree trunk. Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus transferred it to the genus Mycorrhaphium in 1971.
Hericium clathroides is a species of an edible fungus in the Hericiaceae family.
