Hydnum

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Hydnum
HydnumRepandum.JPG
Hydnum repandum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Cantharellales
Family: Hydnaceae
Genus: Hydnum
L. (1753)
Type species
Hydnum repandum
L. (1753)
Synonyms [1]

Erinaceus Dill. (1719)
Bidona Adans. (1763)
BidoniaAdans. (1763)
Echinus Haller (1768)
Hypothele Paulet (1808)
Dentinum Gray (1821)
ErinaceusDill. ex Maratti (1822)
Tyrodon P.Karst. (1881)

Contents

Hydnum is a genus of fungi in the family Hydnaceae. They are notable for their unusual spore-bearing structures of teeth rather than gills. The best known are the edible species Hydnum repandum and H. rufescens . There are no known toxic varieties of Hydnum. [2] Widely regarded as important maintainers of forest ecosystems, the Hydnum genus is known to have ectomycorrhizal relationships with multiple plant families. [3] Hydnum has many brittle, white teeth from which the spores drop. Some species have teeth which hang from ascending branches, while other species have teeth which project downwards from the undersurfaces of dead wood. Most Hydnum species are safe to eat, and contain many fatty acids and antioxidants. [4]

Taxonomy and diversity

Hydnum species are found on every continent that is habitable for plant life, with some preferring deep forest regions. [5] Most of the common species, such as H. repandum and H. rufescens can be located in Europe, East Asia, and Australia. [6]

Hydnum repandum is a common and edible species. Also called the "hedgehog mushroom", H. repandum is most often found in Europe, Mexico, and North America. [3] The smooth cap grows as wide as 8 inches across, and the stem is off-center and is less than 2 inches long. H. repandum is often confused in looks for its similar tasting cousin, the Chantrelle mushroom. [7] Medicinally, H. repandum has shown promising signs in preventing malignant sarcomas in mice. [8]

Hydnum rufescens is another common edible variety of hydnum. Known locally as the terracotta hedgehog mushroom, it can be found in Portugal. [9] It has been found to contain high levels of fatty acids and nutrients essential to the human diet. [9]

Hydnum minum is a new species that was described in 2015. First located in Japan, H. minum is identifiable by a "whitish basidiomata", or spore-producing structure. [6]

Hydnum vesterholtii has been newly found in calcium rich areas of the Mediterranean, as well as in the Pyrenees and Italy, and is recognized by an ochre tinted spore cap. [10]

Hydnum ovoideisporum, much like H. vesterholtii, has an orangish colored cap. It is also found in the Iberian-Mediterranean climate and is fond of calcium rich soils. [11]

Species

ImageScientific NameTaxon authorYear
Hydnum (10.3897-mycokeys.42.27369) Figure 4G.png Hydnum aerostatisporum Buyck, D.P. Lewis & V. Hofst.2017
Hydnum albertense Niskanen & Liimat.2018
2012-11-17 Hydnum albidum Peck 325611.jpg Hydnum albidum Peck1887
2016-08-22 Hydnum alboaurantiacum Swenie & Matheny 1363449.jpg Hydnum alboaurantiacum Swenie & Matheny2018
Hydnum albomagnum Banker 813014.jpg Hydnum albomagnum Banker1901
Hydnum ambustum Cooke & Massee1887
Hydnum arachnoideofarinosum Rick1959
Hydnum berkeleyanum K. Das, Hembrom, A. Baghela & Vizzini2018
Hydnum boreorepandum Niskanen, Liimat. & Niemelä2018
Hydnum brevispinum T. Cao & H.S. Yuan2021
Hydnum brunnescens Velen.1922
Hydnum (10.3897-mycokeys.42.27369) Figure 5A.png Hydnum canadense Niskanen & Liimat.2018
Hydnum combinans Peck1901
Hydnum commutatum (Bourdot & Galzin) Pouzar1956
Hydnum cremeoalbum Liimat. & Niskanen2018
Hydnum (10.3897-mycokeys.42.27369) Figure 5E.png Hydnum cuspidatum Swenie & Matheny2018
Hydnum dispersum Berk.1845
Hydnum durieui Sacc.1888
Hydnum eichelbaumii Henn.1905
Hydnum elatum Massee1914
Ellipsoid hedgehog iNaturalist.jpg Hydnum ellipsosporum Ostrow & Beenken2004
2020-09-16 Hydnum ferruginescens Swenie & Matheny 1244252.jpg Hydnum ferruginescens Swenie & Matheny2018
Hydnum flabellatum T. Cao & H.S. Yuan2021
Hydnum flavidocanum T. Cao & H.S. Yuan2021
Hydnum (10.3897-mycokeys.42.27369) Figure 7.jpg Hydnum geminum Swenie & Matheny2018
Hydnum heimii Maas Geest.1959
Hydnum humidum Banker1902
Hydnum ibericum.jpg Hydnum ibericum Olariaga, Liimat. & Niskanen2018
Hydnum indurescens D. Hall & D.E. Stuntz1972
Hydnum inopinatum (Donk) Pouzar1956
Hydnum jussii Niskanen, Liimat. & Kytöv2018
Hydnum longibasidium T. Cao & H.S. Yuan2021
Hydnum magnorufescens Vizzini, Picillo & Contu2013
Hydnum mcnabbianum J.A. Cooper2023
Hydnum melitosarx Ruots., Huhtinen, Olariaga, Niskanen, Liimat. & Ammirati2018
Hydnum melleopallidum Kranab., Liimat. & Niskanen2018
Hydnum minus Yanaga & N. Maek.2015
Hydnum modestum Snell & E.A. Dick1962
Hydnum molluscum Fr.1849
2014-08-23 Hydnum mulsicolor Liimat. & Niskanen 448259.jpg Hydnum mulsicolor Liimat. & Niskanen2018
Hydnum neorepandum Niskanen & Liimat.2018
Hydnum olympicum Niskanen, Liimat. & Ammirati2018
Hydnum oregonense Rockefeller.jpg Hydnum oregonense Norvell, Liimat. & Niskanen2018
Hydnum ovoideisporum Olariaga, Grebenc, Salcedo & M.P. Martin 512967 crop.jpg Hydnum ovoideisporum Olariaga, Grebenc, Salcedo & M.P. Martín2012
Hydnum pallidocroceum T. Cao & H.S. Yuan2021
Hydnum pallidomarginatum T. Cao & H.S. Yuan2021
Hydnum papyraceum Wulfen1787
Hydnum politum Fr.1836
Hydnum quebecense Niskanen & Liimat.2018
Hydnum reginae Kibby, Liimat. & Niskanen2022
Hydnum repando-orientale Liimat. & Niskanen2018
2012-08-29 Hydnum repandum L 256175.jpg Hydnum repandum L.1753
Rotlicher Stoppelpilz Hydnum rufescens.JPG Hydnum rufescens Pers.1800
Hydnum salmoneum R. Heim1966
Hydnum slovenicum Liimat. & Niskanen2018
Hydnum sphaericum T. Cao & H.S. Yuan2021
Hydnum spongiosum Rick1906
2018-12-15 Hydnum subconnatum Swenie & Matheny 981582.jpg Hydnum subconnatum Swenie & Matheny2018
Hydnum subcremeoalbum Tedersoo, Liimat. & Niskanen2018
Hydnum subincarnatum K.A. Harrison1964
Hydnum subisidioides Rick1959
Hydnum submelleum Rick1959
Hydnum submulsicolor Niskanen & Liimat.2018
Hydnum (10.3897-mycokeys.42.27369) Figure 4A.png Hydnum subolympicum Liimat., Niskanen, R.E. Baird & Voitk2018
Hydnum subovoideisporum Niskanen & Liimat.2018
Hydnum subpallidum Snell & E.A. Dick1962
Hydnum subrufescens Niskanen & Liimat.2018
Hydnum (10.3897-mycokeys.42.27369) Figure 3G.png Hydnum subtilior Swenie & Matheny2018
Hydnum tangerinum T. Cao & H.S. Yuan2021
Hydnum tenuidens Rick1959
Hydnum tenuistipitum T. Cao & H.S. Yuan2021
Hydnum treui Tedersoo, Liimat. & Niskanen2018
2011-11-15 Hydnum umbilicatum Peck 182772.jpg Hydnum umbilicatum Peck1902
Hydnum (10.3897-mycokeys.42.27369) Figure 4C.png Hydnum vagabundum Swenie, Ovrebo & Matheny2018
Hydnum ventricosum T. Cao & H.S. Yuan2021
Hydnum vesterholtii Olariaga, Grebenc, Salcedo & M.P. Martín2012
Hydnum zongolicense Garibay2018

References

  1. ↑ "Hydnum L. 1753". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
  2. ↑ Cao, Ting; Hu, Ya-Ping; Yu, Jia-Rui; Wei, Tie-Zheng; Yuan, Hai-Sheng (2021-06-01). "A phylogenetic overview of the Hydnaceae (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) with new taxa from China". Studies in Mycology. 99 (1): 100121. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100121. PMC   8717575 . PMID   35035603.
  3. 1 2 Feng, Bang; Wang, Xiang-Hua; Ratkowsky, David; Gates, Genevieve; Lee, Su See; Grebenc, Tine; Yang, Zhu L. (May 2016). "Multilocus phylogenetic analyses reveal unexpected abundant diversity and significant disjunct distribution pattern of the Hedgehog Mushrooms (Hydnum L.)". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 25586. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625586F. doi:10.1038/srep25586. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   4858670 . PMID   27151256.
  4. ↑ Sułkowska-Ziaja, Katarzyna; Muszyńska, Bożena; Szewczyk, Agnieszka (April 2015). "Antioxidant components of selected indigenous edible mushrooms of the obsolete order Aphyllophorales" . Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. 32 (2): 99–102. doi:10.1016/j.riam.2013.10.011. PMID   24657542.
  5. ↑ Sugawara, Ryo; Sotome, Kozue; Maekawa, Nitaro; Nakagiri, Akira; Endo, Naoki (May 2021). "Mycorrhizal synthesis, morpho-anatomical characterization of mycorrhizae, and evaluation of mycorrhiza-forming ability of Hydnum albidum–like species using monokaryotic and dikaryotic cultures" . Mycorrhiza. 31 (3): 349–359. Bibcode:2021Mycor..31..349S. doi:10.1007/s00572-021-01024-7. ISSN   0940-6360. PMID   33616720. S2CID   231990526.
  6. 1 2 Sugawara, Ryo; Maekawa, Nitaro; Sotome, Kozue; Nakagiri, Akira; Endo, Naoki (2022-03-04). "Systematic revision of Hydnum species in Japan" . Mycologia. 114 (2): 413–452. doi:10.1080/00275514.2021.2024407. ISSN   0027-5514. PMID   35394899. S2CID   248050053.
  7. ↑ Antonyuk, Volodymyr; Panchak, Lidiia V.; Antonyuk, Lidiia Ya; Zyn, Alina R. (2021-01-17). "Extractive Substances of Fruit Body Golden Chanterelle (Cantharellus Cibarius Fr.) and Hedgehog Mushroom (Hydnum Repandum Fr.)". Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture: 826–834. doi: 10.9755/ejfa.2020.v32.i11.2195 . ISSN   2079-0538. S2CID   234177776.
  8. ↑ Peksen, A; Kibar, B; Yakupoglu, G (2013-10-14). "Favourable culture conditions for mycelial growth of Hydnum repandum, a medicinal mushroom". African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 10 (6): 431–434. doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v10i6.4. ISSN   0189-6016. PMC   3847377 . PMID   24311862.
  9. 1 2 Ribeiro, Bárbara; Guedes de Pinho, Paula; Andrade, Paula B.; Baptista, Paula; Valentão, Patrícia (2009-09-01). "Fatty acid composition of wild edible mushrooms species: A comparative study". Microchemical Journal. 93 (1): 29–35. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2009.04.005. hdl: 10198/4409 . ISSN   0026-265X.
  10. ↑ Vizzini, A; Picillo, B; Ercole, E; Voyron, S; Contu, M (2012). "Detecting the variability of Hydnum ovoideisporum (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales) on the basis of Italian collections, and H. magnorufescens sp. nov" (PDF). Mycosphere. 4 (1): 32–44. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/4/1/2.
  11. ↑ Olariaga, Ibai; Grebenc, Tine; Salcedo, Isabel; Martín, María P. (2012-11-01). "Two new species of Hydnum with ovoid basidiospores: H. ovoideisporum and H. vesterholtii". Mycologia. 104 (6): 1443–1455. doi:10.3852/11-378. hdl: 10261/134566 . ISSN   0027-5514. PMID   22684286. S2CID   44252712.
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