| Philautus umbra | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Rhacophoridae |
| Genus: | Philautus |
| Species: | P. umbra |
| Binomial name | |
| Philautus umbra Dring, 1987 | |
Philautus umbra (common names: pinnacle bush frog, pinnacle bubble-nest frog) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Mount Api in northern Sarawak, Malaysia, although it might also occur in the adjacent Brunei. [2] [3]
Philautus umbra is a relatively large Philautus species, reaching 35 mm (1.4 in) snout–vent length. During the day, these frogs are almost uniformly blackish above, whereas during the night the colouration lightens up to light grey. Fingers are long with broad adhesive disks. [3]
Its natural habitat is submontane forest at elevations of 900–1,300 m (3,000–4,300 ft) above sea level. Males have been observed calling from near the ground up to 2 metres above the ground. There are no known threats to this species residing with the Gunung Mulu National Park, but its restricted range has led to its listing as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). [1]
Philautus amoenus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to northern Borneo and known from Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Philautus aurantium is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in the Mount Kinabalu region in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia. Philautus gunungensis is sometimes considered its subspecies, Philautus aurantium gunungensis.
Philautus bunitus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Malaysian Borneo and inhabits subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and is threatened by habitat loss.
Raorchestes glandulosus, also known as glandular bush frog, rough-skinned bush frog, southern bubble-nest frog, and with many other names, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats, India, and known from the states of Karnataka and Kerala.
Raorchestes griet is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats south of the Palghat Gap in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states, India. The specific name griet honours Griet Decock, spouse of Franky Bossuyt, the scientist who described the species. Common name Griet bush frog has been coined for it.
Philautus gunungensis is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Mount Kinabalu region, in Sabah (Malaysia), Borneo.
Philautus hosii is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo and has been found at 1,351 m (4,432 ft) above sea level. The specific name of the synonym, Polypedates chlorophthalmus, refers to its "remarkable green iris", from the Greek for "green-eyed". Accordingly, the common name green-eyed tree frog has been coined for the species.
Philautus ingeri is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to northern Borneo and found in Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and adjacent northern Kalimantan (Indonesia). Common names Inger's bush frog and Inger's bubble-nest frog have been coined for it. It is named for Robert F. Inger, American zoologist from the Field Museum of Natural History.
Raorchestes luteolus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats, India, where it is only known from the state of Karnataka. Many of the known populations are from the Kodagu district, known also by its anglicised former name of Coorg—hence the common name. It is also known from the Shimoga district in the Sharavathi basin where it was described as a new species, Philautus neelanethrus, but this is now considered to be a junior synonym of Raorchestes luteolus.
Philautus mjobergi is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to northern Borneo and found in Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Sarawak (Malaysia). The specific name mjobergi honours Eric Mjöberg, a Swedish naturalist, ethnographer, and explorer. Common names Murud bubble-nest frog and Mjöberg's bush frog have been coined for it.
Raorchestes sanctisilvaticus, also known as the sacred grove bushfrog, sacred grove bush frog or Similipal bush frog, is a critically endangered species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae.
Pseudophilautus schmarda is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the central hills of Sri Lanka and is known from the Peak Wilderness Sanctuary, Agra Bopath, Horton Plains, and Pedro. The specific name schmarda honours Ludwig Karl Schmarda, an Austrian physician, naturalist, and traveler. Common names Sri Lanka bug-eyed frog and Schmarda's shrub frog have been coined for it.
Raorchestes tinniens, also known as the spotted bush frog, black bush frog, and Rao's bubble-nest frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Nilgiri Hills, a part of the Western Ghats, in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, southern India. It has a rather complicated taxonomic history, and there is still an open issue whether Ixalus montanusGünther, 1876 from Kudremukh (Karnataka), now in synonymy with Raorchestes tinniens, is indeed a valid species.
Pseudophilautus variabilis, also known as the variable bush frog or variable bubble-nest frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. This now extinct species was endemic to Sri Lanka. Despite extensive searches in recent times, it is only known from collections prior to 1858. The reasons for its disappearance are unknown but probably involve habitat loss.
Polypedates otilophus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is widespread and found in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, typically in the lowlands but sometimes as high as 1,100 m (3,600 ft) above sea level. This species has prominent, sharp ridges behind the eye, above the ear, referred to in its names.
Philautus everetti is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae found in the Philippines and Malaysia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss. In Borneo, this species occurs in the mountainous area from Gunung Kinabalu National Park in Sabah to Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak.
Philautus kempiae is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. Being only known from its type locality near Tura in the Garo Hills in Meghalaya, northeastern India, it is an Indian endemic. The specific name kempiae honours Agnes Kemp, wife of Stanley Wells Kemp, an English zoologist and anthropologist. It is known only from the type specimen, so very little is known about biology of this species. It is presumed to be a dweller of the undergrowth of moist evergreen forests.
Raorchestes resplendens, the resplendent shrubfrog, is a critically endangered species of frog belonging to the family Rhacophoridae endemic to the high altitude region around the south Indian peak of Anaimudi. It has extremely short limbs and numerous macroglands and was discovered from the Anamudi summit in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India and is known only from the Eravikulam National Park.
Raorchestes coonoorensis, also known as the Coonore bushfrog or Coonoor bush frog, is a species of frogs endemic to the Western Ghats, India. It is reported from its type locality, Sim's Park in Coonoor, with an additional observation from Kothagiri; both locations are in the state of Tamil Nadu. Its altitudinal range is 1,780–1,850 m (5,840–6,070 ft) asl.
Philautus kakipanjang, also known as the western long-legged bush frog and long-legged bush frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. As currently known, it is endemic to Sarawak in the Malaysian part of Borneo and recorded with certainty from two mountains, Gunung Serapi and Gunung Gading. Furthermore, there is an acoustic observation from Gunung Santubong that probably can be assigned to this species. The species is probably more widespread in the mountains of western Sarawak, if not beyond.
