Phrynopus

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Phrynopus
Holotype of Phrynopus badius (MUSM 31099) in lateral view - ZooKeys-235-051-g004A.jpeg
Phrynopus badius
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Strabomantidae
Subfamily: Holoadeninae
Genus: Phrynopus
Peters, 1873
Type species
Phrynopus peruanus
Peters, 1873
Diversity
35 species (see text)
Eggs of Phrynopus curator Phrynopus curator (MUSM 31106) eggs - ZooKeys-235-051-g010B.jpeg
Eggs of Phrynopus curator

Phrynopus is a genus of frogs of the family Strabomantidae. Their common name is Andes frogs. They are endemic to Peru and inhabit the upper humid montane forest and supra-treeline grassland in the Cordillera Oriental, with one record from the Peruvian Cordillera Occidental. [1]

Contents

Taxonomy

The contents and phylogenetic position of Phrynopus have long been uncertain, [1] and many species once included in this genus have now been moved to other genera ( Bryophryne , Lynchius , Isodactylus (now Hypodactylus ), Noblella , Niceforonia , and Psychrophrynella ). [2] Hedges and colleagues placed it in 2008 in the family Strabomantidae, subfamily Strabomantinae. [2]

Description

Phrynopus are small to medium-sized frogs, from 14.5 mm (0.57 in) snout–vent length in Phrynopus auriculatus to 54 mm (2.1 in) in Phrynopus kauneorum . Head is narrower than the body. Differentiated tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus are usually absent, except in Phrynopus auriculatus and Phrynopus peruanus , two basal species. Dorsum is smooth to pustulate. Venter is smooth or areolate. [2]

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Phrynopus: [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Gastrotheca</i> Genus of amphibians

Gastrotheca is a genus of frogs in the family Hemiphractidae. They are found in Central America south of Costa Rica and in South America. Most species occur in the American Cordillera from southern Costa Rica to north-western Argentina. This genus makes up the bulk of marsupial frog diversity; formerly it was placed in the "Leptodactylidae" assemblage.

<i>Eleutherodactylus</i> Genus of amphibians

Eleutherodactylus is a genus of frogs in the family Eleutherodactylidae. Many of the 200 species of the genus are commonly known as "rain frogs" or "robber frogs", due to their sharp, high-pitched, insect-like calls.

<i>Euparkerella</i> Genus of amphibians

Euparkerella, sometimes known as Guanabara frogs, is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. They are endemic to the Atlantic coastal forests in the south-eastern Brazilian states of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. The name Euparkerella honours H. W. Parker, a herpetologist who named the type species, with the Greek prefix eu meaning true and suffix ella, a diminutive form.

<i>Oreobates</i> Genus of amphibians

Oreobates is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. Most species were formerly in the genus Ischnocnema, but were moved to this revalidated genus following a 2006 revision. Its sister taxon is Lynchius.

<i>Phrynopus juninensis</i> Species of frog

Phrynopus juninensis is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Peru and only known from Cascas near Huasihuasi, Department of Junín. Records from Department of Pasco probably belong to another species. Common name Junin Andes frog has been proposed for this species.

<i>Phrynopus kauneorum</i> Species of amphibian

Phrynopus kauneorum is a species of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Andes of Peru and known from near its type locality in the Pachitea Province, as well as from the Cordillera de Carpish, both in the Huánuco Region. The specific name kauneorum honors Andreas, Meeta, and Rebekka Kaune from Germany.

Lynchius nebulanastes is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to north-western Peru where it is known from the vicinity of its type locality, El Tambo, on the western slope of the Cordillera de Huancabamba, Piura Region. Common name Canchaque Andes frog has been coined for it.

Phrynopus paucari is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Strabomantidae</span> Family of amphibians

The Strabomantidae are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate.

<i>Bryophryne</i> Genus of amphibians

Bryophryne is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. These frogs are endemic to south-eastern Peru in the Cusco Region, with an undescribed species from the Puno Region. Their range is separated from that of Phrynopus by the Apurímac River valley.

Phrynopus auriculatus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Peru and only known from its type locality near Oxapampa, Pasco, at 2,600 m (8,500 ft) asl. It inhabits humid montane forest.

Phrynopus tribulosus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Peru and only known from its type locality near Oxapampa at 2,600 m (8,500 ft) asl, and from Santa Bárbara, in the Huancabamba District, Oxapampa, Pasco Region. It inhabits humid montane forests where individuals could be found deep within a mossy bank by day.

<i>Lynchius</i> Genus of amphibians

Lynchius is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. The name honours herpetologist John D. Lynch. The distribution of Lynchius is restricted to the Cordillera Oriental in southern Ecuador and Cordillera de Huancabamba in northern Peru.

<i>Psychrophrynella</i> Genus of amphibians

Psychrophrynella is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae The genus is distributed on the Andes of southern Peru and Bolivia. One of the four species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is assessed as "Critically Endangered".

<i>Niceforonia</i> Genus of amphibians

Niceforonia is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae found in northern South America. The name refers to Nicéforo María, Colombian herpetologist.

<i>Noblella</i> Genus of amphibians

Noblella is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. They are found on the eastern slopes of the Andes and in the Amazon Basin in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and western Brazil. The name refers to Gladwyn K. Noble, who described the first species.

<i>Psychrophrynella usurpator</i> Species of amphibian

Psychrophrynella usurpator is a species of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Peru and known from near Abra Acjanacu, a mountain pass in the Cordillera de Paucartambo, the easternmost Andean range towards the Amazonian lowlands, and from the high elevation grasslands of the Manu National Park. It is named usurpator because these frogs were previously misidentified as Noblella peruviana—in a sense, they had "usurped" the name of another frog species.

<i>Rhinella lilyrodriguezae</i> Species of frog

Rhinella lilyrodriguezae is a species of frog in the family Bufonidae, which is found in Cordillera Azul National Park in Peru.

Lily O. Rodríguez is a Peruvian zoologist (herpetologist), ecologist and an expert in biodiversity conservation with extensive experience in international cooperation. In 2017, she was the Chair of Resources and Environmental Economics at the University of Bonn, Germany.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Phrynopus Peters, 1873". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E., and Heinicke, M. P (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)