| Glassy pierella | |
|---|---|
 | |
| P. hyalinus hyalinus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Pierella |
| Species: | P. hyalinus |
| Binomial name | |
| Pierella hyalinus (Gmelin, [1790]) [1] | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Pierella hyalinus, the glassy pierella or the hyalinus pierella, [2] is a species of butterfly in the brush-footed butterfly family Nymphalidae. It was first described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1790. [3]
Pierella hyalinus is visually similar to the related Pierella lena . [3] Early researchers applied the moniker Pierella hyalinus to the insects found in the Amazon and Trinidad. [3] M.P. Clifton was of the opinion that there existed a species complex between P. hyalinus and P. lena. [3] P. hyalinus is differentiated from P. lena by the M3 terminal branch of the dorsal hindwing being prolonged, forming a sickle projection on the outer margin, and the marginal region with bluish scales. [4]
There are four known subspecies of Pierella hyalinus: [5]
A common classification of the Lepidoptera involves their differentiation into butterflies and moths. Butterflies are a natural monophyletic group, often given the suborder Rhopalocera, which includes Papilionoidea, Hesperiidae (skippers), and Hedylidae. In this taxonomic scheme, moths belong to the suborder Heterocera. Other taxonomic schemes have been proposed, the most common putting the butterflies into the suborder Ditrysia and then the "superfamily" Papilionoidea and ignoring a classification for moths.
Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies, with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfly species.
Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1,532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, the family is also represented both in the Nearctic, Palearctic, Australasian (Dicallaneura), Afrotropic, and Indomalayan realms.
Butterfly evolution is the origin and diversification of butterflies through geologic time and over a large portion of the Earth's surface. The earliest known butterfly fossils are from the mid Eocene epoch, between 40-50 million years ago. Their development is closely linked to the evolution of flowering plants, since both adult butterflies and caterpillars feed on flowering plants. Of the 220,000 species of Lepidoptera, about 45,000 species are butterflies, which probably evolved from moths. Butterflies are found throughout the world, except in Antarctica, and are especially numerous in the tropics; they fall into eight different families.
Pierella is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae found from Mexico through Central America to South America. The species of Pierella have larger hindwings than forewings, unique among butterflies. The oval green flash on the forewing is also unique. It is caused by diffraction, the wing scales forming a diffraction grating.
Ogyris is an Australasian genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.
Theorema is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The members of this genus are found in the Neotropical realm.
Hesperocharis is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae. They are native to the Americas.
Hypolycaena toshikoae is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae first described by Hisakazu Hayashi in 1984. Forewing length: 10–13 mm. It is endemic to the islands of Luzon and Mindoro in the Philippines. On Mount Halcon of Mindoro island, the male is not rare but the female is very rare.
Lepidoptera Indica was a 10 volume work on the butterflies of the Indian region that was begun in 1890 and completed in 1913. It was published by Lovell Reeve and Co. of London. It has been considered the magnum opus of its author, Frederic Moore, assistant curator at the museum of the East India Company. Frederic Moore described a number of new species through this publication. Moore was a splitter, known for careless creation of synonyms, sometimes placing the same species in more than one genus.
Pierella hortona, the white-barred lady slipper, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found east of the Andes in Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. The habitat consists of rainforests and cloud forests at altitudes between 100 and 1600 m.
Polyommatus arasbarani, the Arasbaran anomalous blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Carbonell & Naderi in 2000. It is endemic of southern slope of the Meghri Mountains in Armenia and nearby Arasbaran Mountains in northern Iran. Armenia is inhabited by subspecies P. a. neglecta. It inhabits forests alternated with dry steppe-like areas at elevations of 1700–2000 m above sea level. The species is included in the Red Book of Animals of the Republic of Armenia as endangered EN B1a+B2a, although in the book it is still called with the invalid name - Agrodiaetus neglectus.
Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Herbert Elliot Jackson was an English coffee farmer in Kenya. He served as an officer in the British Army during the Second World War, seeing service with the King's African Rifles and as a military administrator in British Somaliland. Jackson served in the Kenyan colonial administration during the Mau Mau Rebellion.
Polyommatus damonides, the Damonides blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Otto Staudinger in 1899. It is endemic to the southern part of the Zangezur Mountains, where it is known in two populations. One is the vicinity of the town of Meghri in Armenia and another lives near the town of Ordubad in Nakhichevan.
Pierella lena, the Lena pierella, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Suriname, the Guianas, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil.
Lasaia agesilas, the glittering sapphire, black-patch bluemark or Narses metalmark is a metalmark butterfly. The species was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1809. It is native to Central America and the north of South America. It ranges from Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Trinidad, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Argentina, to the Brazilian Amazon.
Arhopala cleander is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family. It was described by Cajetan Felder in 1860. It is found in Southeast Asia.
Arhopala corinda is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1869. It is found in Southeast Asia.
Calycopis pisis, the pisis groundstreak, is a butterfly found in several countries in Latin America.
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