Platymantis spelaeus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Anura |
Family: | Ceratobatrachidae |
Genus: | Platymantis |
Species: | P. spelaeus |
Binomial name | |
Platymantis spelaeus | |
Synonyms [3] | |
Platymantis spelaea — Günther , 1999 (incorrect subsequent spelling) Contents |
Platymantis spelaeus, also known as the Negros cave frog [4] or cave wrinkled ground frog, [1] is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. [3] It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is only found in the forested limestone areas of southern Negros. [1] [3] It is one of the two cave-dwelling Platymantis species, the other one being Platymantis insulatus . [2] [4]
Adult males measure 42–47 mm (1.7–1.9 in) and adult females 53–61 mm (2.1–2.4 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is broadly rounded. The tympanum is relatively large. The fingers and toes bear discs. The fingers are slender and have no webbing, whereas the toes are slightly webbed at base. Dorsal skin is rough (shagreened). The dorsum is olive-green to brown with darker mottling. The upper surfaces of the thighs have dark bars; the inner surfaces are orange or lavender. The venter is cream and may have brown flecks. [2] [4]
Platymantis spelaeus live in limestone karst and caves in forested limestone areas at elevations of 20–400 m (66–1,312 ft) above sea level. They can be very common and abundant during the rainy season, but are rarely encountered during the dry season. Development is direct (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage [5] ). [1]
This species is threatened by habitat loss caused by shifting agriculture, human encroachment, guano mining, and the quarrying of limestone. The type locality is inside the Tiyabanan Banio community-based conservation area. [1]
Kaloula walteri is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is found in the mountains of southeastern Luzon Island and Polillo Island. The specific name walteri honors Walter C. Brown, an American herpetologist. Common name Walter's narrow-mouthed frog has been proposed for it. Kaloula walteri is most closely related to Kaloula rigida.
Cornufer batantae is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to West Papua, Indonesia, and is known from two islands near the New Guinean mainland, Batanta and Waigeo. There are also unconfirmed records from Yapen and Gag Islands. Common name Batanta wrinkled ground frog has been coined for the species.
Platymantis cagayanensis is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is found along the north coast of Luzon Island and on Palaui Island. It has been observed as high as 200 meters above sea level.
Platymantis guentheri is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it occurs in the rainforests of Leyte, Biliran, Maripipi, Bohol, Panglao, Dinagat, and Mindanao islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest. It has been observed as high as 700 meters above sea level.
Platymantis indeprensus is a species of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae.
Platymantis insulatus is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Gigante Islands just northeast of Panay, the Philippines. This frog is variously known as the Gigantes wrinkled ground frog, island forest frog, South Gigante Island frog, Gigantes forest frog, and Gigantes limestone frog. Originally described from South Gigante, it is now known to occur on at least three other islands.
Platymantis isarog, sometimes known as the Isarog forest frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to southeastern Luzon, Philippines, where it is known from two volcanos, Mount Isarog and Mount Malinao.
Platymantis montanus is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to southwestern Luzon, the Philippines, and is known from its type locality, Mount Banahaw, and from Mount Apoy.
The Negros forest frog is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Panay and Negros, Philippines. It has been observed between 200 and 1800 meters above sea level.
Cornufer punctatus, commonly known as the dotted wrinkled ground frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Western New Guinea (Indonesia) and occurs in the Arfak and Wondiwoi Mountains on the New Guinea mainland well as on some adjacent islands.
Platymantis taylori is a species of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines and is known from the Sierra Madre of northeastern Luzon. It has been observed between 100 and 400 meters above sea level.
Odorrana junlianensis, also known as the Junlian odorous frog, is a species of frogs in the family Ranidae. It is found in southern China and in the northernmost Laos and Vietnam. Its type locality is the eponymous Junlian County in Sichuan.
Chalcorana rufipes is a species of "true frog" in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia. It was split off from Chalcorana chalconota by Robert Inger and colleagues in 2009, along with a number of other species. The specific name rufipes is derived from Latin rufus meaning reddish and pes meaning foot, in reference to the reddish tinge on the underside of the pedal webbing in life.
Gracixalus nonggangensis is a species of shrub frog found in southern Guangxi, China, and Cao Bang Province in northern Vietnam.
Noblella madreselva is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. The species is only known from its type locality, Madre Selva in the La Convención Province, Cusco, Peru.
Platymantis biak, also known as the Luzon limestone forest frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the island of Luzon, the Philippines, where it is known from the Biak-na-Bato National Park, its type locality, and from the immediate vicinity of the park. The specific name biak is Tagalog meaning "crevice" or "crack" and refers to the preferred limestone karst habitat at the type locality.
Platymantis bayani is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the island of Samar, the Philippines. It is only known from its type locality, the Taft Forest Reserve in Taft, Eastern Samar. The specific name bayani is derived from the Tagalog word meaning "highly respected", "heroic", or "hero". The name honors Walter C. Brown, in recognition of his "numerous contributions to Philippine herpetology and … lifelong commitment to the study of biodiversity in the SW Pacific." Accordingly, common name Walter's limestone forest frog has been proposed for this species.
Cornufer citrinospilus is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea, and is only known from the Nakanai Mountains of East New Britain Province. The specific name citrinospilus is derived from the Greek words kitrinos (="yellow") and pilos, in reference to the distinctive bright yellow flank areolations characteristic of this species.
Platymantis paengi, the Panay limestone frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It is only known from Mount Lihidan, a limestone karst mountain of Pandan, Antique Province, Panay Island. This frog has been observed between 180 and 300 meters above sea level.
Platymantis quezoni is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its type locality is in the Quezon Protected Landscape, where it is found in limestone karst habitats. It may also be found in limestone karst habitats in Bondoc Peninsula.