The economy of Poland is an emerging and developing, high-income, industrialized, mixed economy that serves as the sixth-largest in the European Union by nominal GDP and fifth-largest by GDP (PPP). Poland boasts the extensive public services characteristic of most developed economies and is one of few countries in Europe to provide no tuition fees for undergraduate and postgraduate education and with universal public healthcare that is free at a point of use. Since 1988, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalisation but retained an advanced public welfare system. It ranks 20th worldwide in terms of GDP (PPP), 21st in terms of GDP (nominal), and 21st in the 2023 Economic Complexity Index. Among OECD nations, Poland has a highly efficient and strong social security system; social expenditure stood at roughly 22.7% of GDP.
Orlen S.A., commonly known as Orlen, is a Polish multinational oil refiner, petrol retailer and natural gas trader headquartered in Płock, Poland. The company's subsidiaries include the main oil and gas companies of the Czech Republic and Lithuania, Unipetrol and Orlen Lietuva respectively.
SwePol is a 254.05-kilometre (157.86 mi)-long monopolar high-voltage direct current (HVDC) submarine cable between the Stärnö peninsula near Karlshamn, Sweden, and Bruskowo Wielkie, near Słupsk, Poland. The link was inaugurated in 2000 and can transmit up to 600 MW power at a voltage of 450 kV.
Plus is the brand name of Poland's mobile phone network operator, Polkomtel Sp. z o.o. The company is entirely owned by Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. and is part of Grupa Polsat Plus. It operates GSM (900/1800 MHz), UMTS, LTE, 5G NR and WLAN networks in Poland. It was founded in 1995.
Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności Bank Polski Spółka Akcyjna or PKO Bank Polski S.A., in short PKO BP or simply PKO, is a multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Warsaw, Poland. It is one of the largest financial institutions in Poland and in Central and Eastern Europe.
LitPol Link is an electricity link between Poland and Lithuania which connects the Baltic transmission system to the synchronous grid of Continental Europe. It has a capacity of 500 MW and since 2021 it can operate in a synchronous regime.
PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) (lit. 'State Electricity Company', abbreviated as PLN) is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which has a monopoly on electric power distribution in Indonesia and generates the majority of the country's electrical power, producing 176.4 TWh in 2015. It was included in the Fortune Global 500 lists of 2014 and 2015. It has large debts due to expensive coal power contracts.
The Polish Post is the state postal administration of Poland, initially founded in 1558. The company is headquartered in Warsaw and employs over 67,000 people. It is the largest mail-handling company in the country, which additionally provides courier, banking, insurance and logistics services. The digital services, such as neo-stamps, neo-letters and neo-postcards, are available through the Internet-based platform Envelo.
Asseco Poland SA is a Polish multinational software company which develops enterprise software primarily for the banking and finance industries. It was founded in 1991, and its headquarters are located in Rzeszów, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland. Asseco is one of the largest corporations in the technology sector quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) and is a component of the WIG30 stock market index. It operates in 60 countries worldwide and employs over 32,400 people. As of 2023, the largest shareholder of the company is Cyfrowy Polsat with 22.95% of the shares ahead of OFE Allianz Polska with 10.82% of the shares.
AusNet Services is an Australian energy delivery services business, owning and operating more than $11 billion of electricity and gas network assets. It is privately held, and was formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and the Singapore Exchange (SGX). AusNet is currently owned by Australian Energy Holdings No 4 Pty Limited, a company controlled by Brookfield Asset Management. The co-investors include pension funds in Australia and Canada.
Terna S.p.A. is a transmission system operator (TSO) based in Rome, Italy. It operates through Terna Rete Italia, that manages the Italian transmission grid and Terna Plus which is in charge of new business opportunities and non-traditional activities in Brazil, Chile, Peru and USA (2023). With 75,140 kilometres (46,690 mi) of power lines or around 98% of the Italian high-voltage power transmission grid, Terna is the sixth largest electricity transmission grid operator in the world based on the size of its electrical grid. Terna is listed on the Borsa Italiana and is a constituent of the FTSE MIB index.
Biedronka is a chain of supermarkets. It is the largest chain of discount shops in Poland with 3,283 stores as of 2022 and 70,000 employees (2022). It is owned by the Portuguese group Jerónimo Martins. The name "Biedronka" means "ladybird", and a cartoon ladybird is the company's logo.
PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna S.A. is a state-owned public power company and the largest power producing company in Poland. PGE is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the WIG30 index.
ZAK Spółka Akcyjna, now renamed Grupa Azoty Kędzierzyn, is a chemical company based in the city of Kędzierzyn, Opole Voivodeship, southwest Poland.
MCI Capital SA - private equity fund listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange established in 1999 by Tomasz Czechowicz with assets under management (AUM) of 2.8 billion PLN and permanent capital of 1.8 billion PLN [ca. 400 m Euro) as of December 31, 2021. According to Wall Street Journal MCI is one of Poland’s leading private equity companies.
Alior Bank SA is a universal bank in Poland founded in 2008. It has been a subsidiary of insurance company PZU SA since 2015 and forms the 10th largest banking group in the country, with more than 8,143 employees as of the end of 2019. It is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) and is a component of the WIG30 stock market index.
Polomarket Sp. z o.o. is a retail chain of grocery stores, operating around 290 stores nationally around Poland. Every month, Polomarket stores are visited by nearly 8.5 million customers.
Enea is a Polish power industry company based in Poznań. Enea is the fourth largest energy group in Poland. As of December 2017, its share in the domestic electricity sales market was 13%.
Venture capital in Poland is a segment of the private equity market that finances early-stage high-risk companies based in Poland, with the potential for fast growth. As of March 2019, there is a total of 130 active VC firms in Poland, including local offices of international VC firms, and VC firms with mainly Polish management teams. Between 2009–2019, these entities have invested locally in over 750 companies, which gives an average of around 9 companies per portfolio. The Polish venture market accounts for 3% of the entire European ecosystem of VC investments, mainly in the digital space.
Ten Square Games is a Polish mobile game developer, with headquarters in Wrocław and additional studios in Warsaw, Berlin, Bucharest and Verona. The company focuses on the production of hobby games in a pay-to-win distribution model. Since 2011, it has released more than 200 games, including Let's Fish, Fishing Clash, Wild Hunt and Hunting Clash.
