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Native name | ПрАТ «Національна енергетична компанія "Укренерго"» |
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Romanized name | PrAT «Natsional'na enerhetychna kompaniia "Ukrenergo"» |
Founded | April 15, 1998 |
Headquarters | 25 Symona Petliury str., Kyiv, Ukraine |
Owner | Ministry of Energy |
Website | ua |
Ukrenergo is a state-owned electricity transmission system operator in Ukraine and the sole operator of the high-voltage lines which transmit electricity in Ukraine. It is a member of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity.
Voltage (kilovolt) | Length (kilometre) |
---|---|
800 | 99 |
750 | 4,121 |
500 | 375 |
400 | 339 |
330 | 13,346 |
220 | 3,976 |
110-135 | 667 |
Total | 22,923 |
The territory of the Soviet Union was integrated into the IPS/UPS synchronous grid, which is now effectively controlled by Russia. The one exception was the "Burshtyn Power Island", centered on the Burshtyn TES, which in 2003 was connected to the synchronous grid of Continental Europe, controlled by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E). [2]
Ukraine continued this arrangement until the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014, after which Ukraine signed an association agreement with EU. On 28 June 2017, the head of Ukrenergo Vsevolod Kovalchuk signed an agreement to synchronize the whole Ukrainian power grid with the European grid. [3] The agreement outlined a roadmap to finalize the process in 2023. But the military buildup preceding the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine accelerated this process. On 24 February 2022, 4 hours before the invasion, Ukraine was disconnected[ by whom? ] from the Russian grid [4] in what was expected to be a 72 hours test of autonomous stability. [2] Ukraine was able to continue in this less-stable configuration because electricity demand was reduced by about a third as civilians fled the country and fighting caused blackouts in some areas. [5]
Ukraine and Moldova were connected with the ENTSO-E grid on 16 March 2022. [6] [7] [8] At the time of connection, coal power plants were making up for generators that were out of action (including seven of Ukrenergo's fifteen nuclear power plants, representing 10% of Ukraine's electric generation), and there was 2 GW of capacity connecting the two grids. [9]
During the 2022 invasion, Ukrenergo received support from allied countries including a €370 million loan from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development with assistance from USA and the Netherlands, [10] and several million for generators from the UK. [11]
Ukraine cannot sell power into the rest of the ENTSO-E grid until it installs static synchronous compensators.[ need quotation to verify ] It is allowed to import electricity, but there is limited transmission capacity to do so, far less than would be needed to power the entire country. [5]
On November 28, 2023, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) decided to transition Ukraine from a temporary mode to permanent synchronization. This means that the synchronization process of the energy systems of Ukraine and the European Union has been fully completed, and the capacity for importing electricity from Europe has been increased by 500 MW, reaching a total of 1700 MW. [12] [13] [14] [ contradictory ]
Volodymyr Kudrytskyi is the Chairman of the Management Board of PrJSC[ clarification needed ] National Energy Company Ukrenergo. [15]
Prior to his appointment, Kudrytskyi headed the Company as acting Chairman of the Board since February 22, 2020 after the previous CEO of Ukrenergo, Vsevolod Kovalchuk, announced his resignation. Kovalchuk had been acting CEO of NPC Ukrenergo and later acting Chairman of the Board of NPC Ukrenergo since October 2015. [16]
National Grid plc is a British multinational electricity and gas utility company headquartered in London, England. Its principal activities are in the United Kingdom, where it owns and operates electricity and natural gas transmission networks, and in the Northeastern United States, where as well as operating transmission networks, the company produces and supplies electricity and gas, providing both to customers in New York and Massachusetts.
A transmission system operator (TSO) is an entity entrusted with transporting energy in the form of natural gas or electrical power on a national or regional level, using fixed infrastructure. The term is defined by the European Commission. The certification procedure for transmission system operators is listed in Article 10 of the Electricity and Gas Directives of 2009.
ENTSO-E, the European Network of Transmission System Operators, represents 40 electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) from 36 countries across Europe, thus extending beyond EU borders. ENTSO-E was established and given legal mandates by the EU's Third Package for the Internal energy market in 2009, which aims at further liberalising the gas and electricity markets in the EU. Ukrainian Ukrenergo became the 40th member of the association on 1 January 2024.
Fingrid Oyj is a Finnish national electricity transmission grid operator. It is owned by the Finnish state (53.1%) and various financial and insurance institutions (46.9%).
The Cuciurgan power station, the largest power station of Moldova, is located in Dnestrovsc, Transnistria, on the shores of the Cuciurgan Reservoir bordering Ukraine. Commissioned on 26 September 1964, the facility produced as of 2021 about 79% of Moldova's electricity.
The synchronous grid of Continental Europe is the largest synchronous electrical grid in the world. It is interconnected as a single phase-locked 50 Hz mains frequency electricity grid that supplies over 400 million customers in 24 countries, including most of the European Union. In 2009, 667 GW of production capacity was connected to the grid, providing approximately 80 GW of operating reserve margin. The transmission system operators operating this grid formed the Union for the Coordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE), now part of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E).
An electrical grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids consist of power stations, electrical substations to step voltage up or down, electric power transmission to carry power over long distances, and finally electric power distribution to customers. In that last step, voltage is stepped down again to the required service voltage. Power stations are typically built close to energy sources and far from densely populated areas. Electrical grids vary in size and can cover whole countries or continents. From small to large there are microgrids, wide area synchronous grids, and super grids.
A wide area synchronous grid is a three-phase electric power grid that has regional scale or greater that operates at a synchronized utility frequency and is electrically tied together during normal system conditions. Also known as synchronous zones, the most powerful is the Northern Chinese State Grid with 1,700 gigawatts (GW) of generation capacity, while the widest region served is that of the IPS/UPS system serving most countries of the former Soviet Union. Synchronous grids with ample capacity facilitate electricity trading across wide areas. In the ENTSO-E in 2008, over 350,000 megawatt hours were sold per day on the European Energy Exchange (EEX).
The IPS/UPS is a wide area synchronous transmission grid of some CIS countries, with a common mode of operation and centralized supervisory control. It has an installed generation capacity of 300 gigawatts, and produces 1,200 terawatt-hours (TWh) per year for its 280 million customers. The system spans eight time zones.
Burshtyn TES is a coal-fired power plant of Zakhidenergo located in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south-east from Burshtyn, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. It was built in the Soviet era and is now part of Rinat Akhmetov's holdings.
Elering AS is a national transmission system operator for electricity and natural gas with headquarters in Tallinn, Estonia. The managing director of Elering is Taavi Veskimägi.
KOSTT j.s.c is a transmission system operator company with the headquarters in Pristina, Kosovo. It plays an important role in the energy sector in Kosovo. As a market operator it is responsible for the organization and administration of trades in electricity and the management of the settlement process. It is a member of the Energy Community. KOSTT is control area and It is synchronously connected with Continental Europe and cooperating with RG CE TSOs to abide by the EU packages. It expects to become a member of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity in the future.
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Synchronverters or virtual synchronous generators are inverters which mimic synchronous generators (SG) to provide "synthetic inertia" for ancillary services in electric power systems. Inertia is a property of standard synchronous generators associated with the rotating physical mass of the system spinning at a frequency proportional to the electricity being generated. Inertia has implications towards grid stability as work is required to alter the kinetic energy of the spinning physical mass and therefore opposes changes in grid frequency. Inverter-based generation inherently lacks this property as the waveform is being created artificially via power electronics.
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Baltic states synchronization with UCTE is an international electricity transmission infrastructure project to synchronize the three Baltic states with the Synchronous grid of Continental Europe (UCTE), managed by ENTSO-E, and leave the IPS/UPS transmission system managed by the BRELL agreement. The project is expected to be completed by February 2025.
Vsevolod Vladyslavovych Kovalchuk is a Ukrainian businessman who served as the head of PJSC Ukrenergo from October 2015 to February 2020.
Volodymyr Kudrytskyi is the chairman of the Board of PJSC "National Power Company Ukrenergo", the operator of the Ukrainian electricity transmission system. Kydrytskyi is involved in a number of corruption scandals and investigations.