RWE AG is a German multinational energy company headquartered in Essen. It generates and trades electricity in the Asia-Pacific region, Europe and the United States. The company is the world's second-largest offshore wind power generation and Europe's third-largest company in renewable energy. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, the RWE Group was ranked as the 297th-largest public company in the world.
European Energy Exchange (EEX) AG is a central European electric power and related commodities exchange located in Leipzig, Germany. It develops, operates and connects secure, liquid and transparent markets for energy and related products, including power derivative contracts, emission allowances, agricultural and freight products.
A/S Latvijas Gāze is a Latvian natural gas company, which deals in the importation and sale of natural gas.
Fingrid Oyj is a Finnish national electricity transmission grid operator. It is owned by the Finnish state (53.1 %) and various financial and insurance institutions (46.9 %). CEO of the company is Jukka Ruusunen.
PreussenElektra was a German electric company that existed from 1927 to 2000. From its founding until around 1970, it was owned by the Republic of Prussia and the Federal Republic of Germany. From 1929 until 2000, it was a subsidiary of VEBA. In 2000, it was merged to create E.ON. During its existence, it was the electric utility for Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, and parts of North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse.
Svenska kraftnät is an electricity transmission system operator in Sweden. It is a state-owned public utility, which was created in 1992 by splitting the former government agency Vattenfall into a power generation and distribution company Vattenfall AB and a transmission company Svenska kraftnät. The company has its headquarters in Sundbyberg, near Stockholm in Sweden.
Verbund AG, formerly known as Verbundgesellschaft or Österreichische Elektrizitätswirtschafts-AG, is Austria's largest electricity provider. Verbund covers around 40 percent of electricity demands in Austria and generates 90 percent thereof from hydro power. In addition, Verbund operates the supraregional power grid through its subsidiary APG. Verbund AG is listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange and in the ATX, the key index of Austrian stock-listed companies. The largest shareholder, at 51%, is the Republic of Austria.
NordLink is a subsea 1,400 megawatt (MW) HVDC power cable between Norway and Germany, opened in May 2021. The over 500 kilometres (310 mi) long cable operates at a voltage of 500 kV DC.
TenneT is a transmission system operator in the Netherlands and in a large part of Germany.
Energinet is the Danish national transmission system operator for electricity and natural gas. It is an independent public enterprise owned by the Danish state under the Ministry of Climate and Energy. Energinet has some 1150 employees, and its headquarters are located in Erritsø near Fredericia in Jutland. The gas division is located in Ballerup near Copenhagen.
Elering AS is a national transmission system operator for electricity and natural gas with headquarters in Tallinn, Estonia. The managing director of Elering is Taavi Veskimägi.
Elia is a Belgian transmission system operator for high-voltage electricity, located in Brussels, Belgium. It operates in Belgium and Germany. The company transmits electricity from generators to distribution system operators, which then supply SMEs and homes. Elia also has contracts with major industrial users that directly connect to its high-voltage grid.
European Market Coupling Company, EMCC or emcc, is a provider of congestion management services for cross-border electrical interconnectors. This is done by means of market coupling, in particular tight volume coupling.
Denmark's western electrical grid is part of the Synchronous grid of Continental Europe whereas the eastern part is connected to the Synchronous grid of Northern Europe via Sweden.
Germany's electrical grid is part of the Synchronous grid of Continental Europe. In 2020, due to COVID-19 conditions and strong winds, Germany produced 484 TW⋅h of electricity of which over 50% was from renewable energy sources, 24% from coal, and 12% from natural gas. This is the first year renewables represented more than 50% of the total electricity production and a major change from 2018, when a full 38% was from coal, only 40% was from renewable energy sources, and 8% was from natural gas.
Amprion GmbH is one of the four transmission system operators for electricity in Germany with approx. 2300 employees.
CESI - Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano "Giacinto Motta" is a company that provides testing and certification services, energy consultancy, engineering and technology consulting for the electricity sector worldwide. CESI is headquartered in Milan, Italy and was founded in 1956. It currently has offices and laboratories in five continents and over 70 countries.
Independent Power Transmission Operator S.A. is the Transmission System Operator for the Hellenic Electricity Transmission System. The mission of the company is the operation, control, maintenance and development of the national transmission system of Greece to ensure the reliable and efficient electricity supply, as well as the operation of the electricity market following the principles of transparency and equality.
Still in the stage of development, local flexibility markets for electricity will enable distributed energy resources to provide their flexibility in electricity demand or production/feed-in for the system operator or another counterparty at a local level. As there are different purposes for the use of this flexibility, there exist a variety of different market designs, comprising different actors and role models. Several local market models aim to efficiently tackle the widespread issue of grid congestion and fairness.
