Polysiphonia lanosa

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Polysiphonia lanosa
Ascophyllum nodosum with Polysiphonia lanosa.jpg
Brown algae Ascophyllum_nodosum with hemi-parasitic red algae Vertebrata lanosa (Polysiphonia lanosa)
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
(unranked): Archaeplastida
Division: Rhodophyta
Class: Florideophyceae
Order: Ceramiales
Family: Rhodomelaceae
Genus: Polysiphonia
Species:
P. lanosa
Binomial name
Polysiphonia lanosa
(L.) Tandy
Vertebrata lanosa on Ascophyllum nodosum Vertebrata lanosa on Ascophyllum nodosum.jpg
Vertebrata lanosa on Ascophyllum nodosum
1 tufts growing on Ascophyllum nodosum; 2 portion of a frond; 3 ceramidia = cystocarps; 4 branchlet with embedded tetraspores; 5 tetraspore; 6 apices with antheridia; 7 antheridium; 8 portion of a frond, partly cut longitudinally; 9 transverse section of a frond Phycologia Britannica, or, A history of British sea-weeds - containing coloured figures, generic and specific characters, synonymes, and descriptions of all the species of algae inhabiting the shores (14761289091).jpg
1 tufts growing on Ascophyllum nodosum ; 2 portion of a frond; 3 ceramidia = cystocarps; 4 branchlet with embedded tetraspores; 5 tetraspore; 6 apices with antheridia; 7 antheridium; 8 portion of a frond, partly cut longitudinally; 9 transverse section of a frond

Polysiphonia lanosa (Vertebrata lanosa; [1] Polysiphonia fastigiata) is a common species of the red algae (Rhodophyta) often to be found growing on Ascophyllum nodosum . [2]

Contents

Description

The thalli of this species form dense tufts, [2] [3] each tuft up to 7.5 cm generally attached by rhizoids to the fronds of Ascophyllum . The erect cylindrical branches divide pseudodichotomously, that is forming two equal branches, one of the branches growing from a lateral branch. [2] A transverse section shows an axial cell surrounded by 12 to 24 peraxial cells. The axial cell is large and occupies about one third of the diameter of each branch, best seen in transverse section. It is deep brownish red in colour. [2]

Choreocolax polysiphoniae is a small parasitic alga which grows in a cushion-like manner to 1 mm in diameter on the branches of P. lanosa. [4]

Cross section of allopatric parasitic red algae Choreocolax polysiphoniae on epiphytic red algae Vertebrata lanosa (=Polysiphonia fastigiata) Choreocolax polysiphoniae (cross section).png
Cross section of allopatric parasitic red algae Choreocolax polysiphoniae on epiphytic red algae Vertebrata lanosa (=Polysiphonia fastigiata)

Habitat

Widespread growing epiphytically on Ascophyllum nodosum wherever it is found and occasionally on other species of Fucus . [2] [5]

Reproduction

The life history is a sequence of three phases: gametangial, carposporangial and tetrasporangial. Two of the phases are similar. [6] The plants are dioecious with spermatangial branches produced in tufts at the apices of the branches. [2] The cystocarps are borne, usually singly. [7] with a narrow ostiole from which carpospores are released. The tetraspores occur in spiral series [2] resulting from a simultaneous division into 4 equal spores. [8]

Distribution

Common around the British Isles and on the shores of Europe from Iceland, Norway to Spain. Also Greenland and Newfoundland to New England. [2]

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Palmaria palmata, also called dulse, dillisk or dilsk, red dulse, sea lettuce flakes, or creathnach, is a red alga (Rhodophyta) previously referred to as Rhodymenia palmata. It grows on the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is a well-known snack food. In Iceland, where it is known as söl, it has been an important source of dietary fiber throughout the centuries.

<i>Ascophyllum</i> Species of alga

Ascophyllum nodosum is a large, common cold water seaweed or brown alga (Phaeophyceae) in the family Fucaceae, being the only species in the genus Ascophyllum. It is a seaweed that only grows in the northern Atlantic Ocean, also known in localities as feamainn bhuí, rockweed, Norwegian kelp, knotted kelp, knotted wrack or egg wrack. It is common on the north-western coast of Europe including east Greenland and the north-eastern coast of North America, its range further south of these latitudes being limited by warmer ocean waters.

<i>Polysiphonia</i> Genus of algae

Polysiphonia is a genus of filamentous red algae with about 19 species on the coasts of the British Isles and about 200 species worldwide, including Crete in Greece, Antarctica and Greenland. Its members are known by a number of common names. It is in the order Ceramiales and family Rhodomelaceae.

<i>Dilsea carnosa</i> Species of alga

Dilsea carnosa, commonly known as the poor man's weather glass or the sea belt, is a species of red algae in the Dumontiaceae family of the order Gigartinales.

<i>Dumontia contorta</i> Species of algae

Dumontia contorta is a relatively small epiphytic algae of the sea-shore.

Polysiphonia atlantica is a small filamentous species of red marine algae Rhodophyta. The thalli form small tufts up to 3 cm long. The axes are ecorticate consisting of axial cells surrounded by four periaxial cells.

Polysiphonia brodiei (Dillwyn) Sprengel, now generally spelled "brodiaei", as it is named after James Brodie is a species of red algae in the Rhodophyta. It grows in tufts up to 36 cm long.

<i>Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis</i> Species of alga

Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis, also called banded siphon weed, is a small red algae (Rhodophyta), in the genus Polysiphonia. Individuals are irregularly branched with the branches extending up to 5.5 centimetres (2.2 in) from a central node and ending in dense tufts of fibres.

Polysiphonia denudata is a small red alga, Rhodophyta, growing as tufts up to 20 cm long without a main branch axis.

<i>Polysiphonia elongata</i> Species of alga

Polysiphonia elongata is a small red marine algae in the Rhodophyta.

Polysiphonia fibrata is a species of Polysiphonia that grows as small dense tufted and finely branched marine alga in the Rhodophyta.

Polysiphonia furcellata (C.Agardh) Harvey is small marine red alga in the Division Rhodophyta.

<i>Choreocolax polysiphoniae</i> Species of alga

Choreocolax polysiphoniae is a minute marine parasitic alga in the division Rhodophyta.

<i>Polysiphonia nigra</i> Species of alga

Polysiphonia nigra is a species of marine alga in the division Rhodophyta.

Polysiphonia opaca (C.Agardh) Moris et De Notaris is a small marine alga in the division Rhodophyta.

<i>Polysiphonia stricta</i> Species of alga

Polysiphonia stricta is a small red marine alga in the Division Rhodophyta.

<i>Vertebrata subulifera</i> Species of alga

Vertebrata subulifera is rather small marine alga in the division Rhodophyta.

<i>Gymnogongrus griffithsiae</i> Species of seaweed

Gymnogongrus griffithsiae is a small uncommon seaweed.

Gastroclonium reflexum is a small red marine seaweed.

Chylocladia verticillata is a medium-sized red marine alga.

References

  1. Bunker, F.StP.D., Maggs, C.A., Brodie, J.A. and Bunker, A.R. 2017 Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. Second Edition. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth Press, UK. ISBN   9780995567337
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Maggs, C.A. and Hommersand, M.H. 1993, Seaweeds of the British Isles Volume 1 Rhodophyta Part 3A Ceramiales. The Natural History Museum, London ISBN   0-11-310045-0
  3. Harvey, W.H. 1841. A Manual of the British Algae: London: John van Voorst
  4. Irvine, L.M.1983. Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1 Rhodophyta Part 2A Cryptonemiales (sensu stricto), Palmariales, Rhodymeniales. British Museum (Natural History) ISBN   0-565-00871-4
  5. Lewis, J.R. 1964.p.12 The Ecology of Rocky Shores. The English Universities Press Ltd
  6. Dixon, P.S. 1973. Biology of the Rhodophyta. p. 187. Oliver and Boyd ISBN   0-05-002485-X
  7. Dickinson, C.I. 1963. British Seaweeds. The Kew Series
  8. Irvine, L. M. 1983. p.101 Seaweeds of the British Isles Volume 1 Rhodophyta Part 2A Cryptonemiales (sensu stricto) Palmeriales, Rhodymeniales. (British Museum) ISBN   0-565-00871-4