The Coptic Orthodox Church, also known as the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt. The head of the church and the See of Alexandria is the pope of Alexandria on the Holy Apostolic See of Saint Mark, who also carries the title of Father of fathers, Shepherd of shepherds, Ecumenical Judge and the 13th among the Apostles.
Pope Shenouda III was the 117th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. His papacy lasted 40 years, 4 months, and 4 days, from 14 November 1971 until his death.
Pope Abraham of Alexandria was the 62nd Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. He is considered a saint by the Coptic Orthodox Church. He is also referred to as Efrem or Ephrem.
Copts are a Christian ethnoreligious group native to Northeast Africa who have primarily inhabited the area of modern Egypt and Sudan, and predominantly follow the Coptic Orthodox Church in Alexandria. They are the largest Christian denomination in Egypt and the Middle East, as well as in Sudan and Libya. Copts account for roughly 5–15 percent of the population of Egypt; while in Sudan they account for 1 percent of the population, and in Libya they similarly account for 1 percent of the population.
Dionysius I Telmaharoyo, also known as Dionysius of Tel Mahre, was the Patriarch of Antioch, and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 818 until his death in 845.
Michael I was the 46th Coptic Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria from 743 to 767.
Pope Mina I of Alexandria, or Menas I, was the 47th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark from 767 to 776.
Pope Shenouda I of Alexandria was the 55th Coptic Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark (859–880). He is commemorated in the Coptic Synaxarion on the 1st day of Baramudah. Prior to his election, he had been oikonomos of the Monastery of St Macarius - one of his early acts as patriarch was the improve the freshwater supply to Alexandria. He was described as a model of monastic humility who prayed regularly for the forgiveness of his enemies.
Pope Jacob of Alexandria, also known as James, was the 50th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark from 819 to 830.
Pope Michael III of Alexandria was the Coptic Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark (880–907).
Copts, many of whom are adherents of the Coptic Orthodox Church, began migrating to the United States of America in the late 1940s. After 1952, the rate of Coptic immigration from Egypt to the United States increased. The first Coptic church in the United States, St. Mark's Coptic Orthodox Church, was established in the late 1960s in Jersey City.
The immigration of the Copts to Canada might have started as early as the late 1950s. Due to an increasing amount of discrimination towards Copts in Egypt in the 1970s and low income in Egypt. Canada has been receiving a greater number of these immigrants, and the number of Coptic immigrants into Canada has been growing ever since.
Ignatius Behnam Hadloyo was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1445 until his death in 1454.
The Islamization of Egypt occurred after the seventh-century Muslim conquest, in which the Islamic Rashidun Caliphate seized control of Egypt from the Christian dominated Byzantine Empire. Egypt and other conquered territories in the Middle East gradually underwent a large-scale conversion from Christianity to Islam, motivated in part by a jizya tax for those who refused to convert. Islam became the faith of the majority of the population at some point between the 10th and 12th centuries, and Arabic became the main language, replacing Coptic and Greek, which had previously served as the vernacular and governmental languages, respectively.
Pope Theodoros I of Alexandria, also known as St. Theodorus (Theodore), was the 45th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark from 730 to 742. He was a monk in a monastery near Mariout, which was known as the monastery of Tanboura, under the guidance of a virtuous elder called Yoannis (John). Coptic literature states that Yoannis was inspired by the Holy Spirit that his disciple Theodoros would one day become a Pope and he told those who were in authority.
Basil IV Simon was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1421/1422 until his death in 1444/1445.
Moses, also called Abba Musa, was the Coptic bishop of Awsīm in Giza from about 735 until after 767. He was an influential churchman in Islamic Egypt.
Ḥawthara ibn Suhayl al-Bāhilī was a Bedouin Arab administrator and military leader in the final years of the Umayyad Caliphate. The philosopher al-Kindī describes him as famous for his eloquence.
The Chronicon orientale is an anonymous universal history written in Arabic by an Egyptian Christian between 1257 and 1260. It was mistakenly attributed to Abū Shākir ibn Buṭrus al-Rāhib in the 17th century, an attribution that has been frequently repeated. Maged Mikhail refers to its author as Pseudo-Abū Shākir, and Adel Sidarus notes that he has often been referred to as Buṭrus (Petrus) ibn al-Rāhib, erroneously combining Abū Shākir's name with that of his father.
The Barsanuphians were a monophysite non-Chalcedonian Christian sect in Egypt between the late 6th and early 9th century.
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