Pristimantis katoptroides

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Pristimantis katoptroides
Pristimantis katoptroides.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Craugastoridae
Genus: Pristimantis
Subgenus: Pristimantis
Species:
P. katoptroides
Binomial name
Pristimantis katoptroides
(Flores, 1988)
Synonyms [2]

Eleutherodactylus katoptroidesFlores, 1988 [3]

Pristimantis katoptroides is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador and Cordillera Central and eastern Andean foothills in northwestern Peru. [1] [2] [4] [5] The specific name katoptroides is Greek for "mirror-like" and refers to the similarity of this species to Pristimantis crucifer , but being found on the other side of the Andes. [3] Common name Puyo robber frog has been proposed for it. [2] [4]

Contents

Description

Adult males measure 19–28 mm (0.7–1.1 in) [6] [7] and adult females 24–33 mm (0.9–1.3 in) in snout–vent length (SVL). [3] [5] The snout is rounded in dorsal view and moderately long. The tympanum is half-concealed by the well-developed supratympanic fold. The fingers and the toes have large discs at their tips and vague (fingers) or narrow (toes), weakly crenelate lateral keels. Skin is dorsally finely tuberculate and ventrally areolate. [3] The dorsal coloration varies from green to greenish brown with darker brown markings. The belly is white, sometimes with brown fringes. The groin and posterior surfaces of the thighs are deep blue to dark brown, sometimes with orange spots on the edges. The iris is pale yellow with black reticulation. [4]

Habitat and conservation

Pristimantis katoptroides occurs in montane and submontane cloud forests at elevations of 650–1,800 m (2,130–5,910 ft) above sea level. It can occur in both primary and secondary forests. Specimens can be found in understorey herbaceous vegetation as high as seven meters above the ground. Development is direct [1] [4] (i.e, there is no free-living larval stage [8] ).

Although considered generally rare, [1] Pristimantis katoptroides is observed with some frequency in eastern Ecuador. [4] Cattle grazing and mining activities can be local threats, [1] [4] but its presence in secondary forests suggests some degree of tolerance to human impacts. [4] Chytridiomycosis has been identified in this species, [5] but it is not considered a major threat. [1] It is present in a number of protected areas, including the Podocarpus and Sangay National Parks in Ecuador [1] [4] and the Alto Mayo Protection Forest and Santiago-Comaina Reserved Zone in Peru. [1] [5]

Related Research Articles

Hyloxalus elachyhistus is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is found in southern Ecuador and northern Peru, in the Huancabamba Depression and south to Cajabamba Province.

Pristimantis balionotus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Ecuador and only known from its type locality on the border between the Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe Provinces, near the crest of the Ecuadorian Andes. Common name crest robber frog has been coined for it.

<i>Pristimantis buckleyi</i> Species of frog

Pristimantis buckleyi is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found on the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. Specifically, it occurs on the both flanks of the Cordillera Central and on the eastern flank of the Cordillera Occidental in Colombia, and on the Cordillera Real in Ecuador south Cayambe, at elevations of 2,500–3,700 m (8,200–12,100 ft) asl.

Pristimantis croceoinguinis is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the lowland Amazon rainforest of southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and extreme northeastern Peru, likely also extending into the adjacent Brazil. The specific name croceoinguinis refers to the color of the inguinal spots of this frog. Common name Santa Cecilia robber frog has been proposed for it.

Pristimantis cryophilius is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to the Ecuadorian Andes in the Azuay, Cañar, and Morona-Santiago Provinces. The specific name cryophilius is derived from Greek kryos for cold and philois for loving and refers to the affinity of this species for cold climate. Common name San Vicente robber frog has been coined for it.

Niceforonia dolops is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Andes of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. Specifically, it is known from the Cordillera Oriental and Colombian Massif in Caquetá and Putumayo Departments, Colombia, and Napo Province, Ecuador. Common name Putumayo robber frog has been coined for it.

Pristimantis esmeraldas is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in northeastern Ecuador in Esmeraldas and Manabí Provinces and in Valle del Cauca Department in Colombia.

<i>Pristimantis inusitatus</i> Species of frog

Pristimantis inusitatus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Ecuador and known from scattered localities along the eastern slopes of the Andes. Common name barking robber frog has been coined for it.

Pristimantis quaquaversus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found on the lower Amazonian slopes of the Andes from northern Ecuador south to the Cordillera de Cutucú and Cordillera del Cóndor as well as the adjacent northern Peru.

Pristimantis rhodoplichus, also known as the Canchaque robber frog, is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru. The specific name rhodoplichus, from the Greek rhodon and plichas, refers to the rose-red color of the hidden surfaces of its thighs.

Pristimantis rosadoi is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in northwestern Ecuador in Carchi, Esmeraldas, and Pichincha provinces, and in the adjacent Colombia in the Nariño Department as well as on the Gorgona Island; there is some doubt about the identity of the Gorgona Island specimens, while the checklist of Colombian amphibians only mentions the Gorgona record. The specific name rosadoi honors José P. O. Rosado, herpetologist at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and also alludes to similarity of this species to Pristimantis roseus. Common name Rosado's robber frog has been proposed for it.

Pristimantis rufioculis is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Andes of northern Peru and adjacent Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe). The specific name rufioculis is derived from the Latin words rufiis, meaning red, and oculis, meaning eye—red iris is one of the distinguishing characteristics of this species. Accordingly, common name red-eyed robber frog has been proposed for this species.

Pristimantis serendipitus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Andes of northern Peru and adjacent southern Ecuador. The specific name refers to serendipitous discovery of this species: collection at the type locality was only made because the road was closed by an accident. Common name Colan Mountains robber frog has been proposed for this species.

<i>Pristimantis unistrigatus</i> Species of amphibian

Pristimantis unistrigatus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Andean valleys from southern Colombia to central Ecuador.

Pristimantis vertebralis is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to the Andes of Ecuador and occurs in the Carchi, Imbabura, Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Bolívar, and Azuay provinces. Common name vertebral robber frog has been coined for it.

<i>Pristimantis w-nigrum</i> Species of frog

Pristimantis w-nigrum, also known as the Zurucuchu robber frog or w rainfrog is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found on both Pacific and Amazonian slopes of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru. The species is divided to at least eight clades that are genetically highly divergent but morphologically similar; it may be a species complex.

Noblella lochites, also known as Ecuador leaf frog, is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found on the Amazonian slopes of the Andes and Cordillera del Cóndor and the Cordillera de Cutucú in Ecuador and Peru; the Peruvian record has been disputed, although it is nevertheless expected that the species occurs in Peru.

Noblella myrmecoides is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the upper Amazon Basin of southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, Bolivia, and western Brazil (Amazonas). Common name Loreto leaf frog has been coined for this species.

<i>Pristimantis acerus</i> Species of amphibian

Pristimantis acerus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Ecuador and known from the area of its type locality between Papallacta and Cuyujúathe in the Napo Province and from the Llanganates National Park, Pastaza Province. This species is rated as Endangered by the IUCN. Common name Papallacta robber frog has been coined for it.

<i>Lynchius megacephalus</i> Species of frog

Lynchius megacephalus, also known as big-headed Andes frog, is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Ecuador and only known from its type locality, Ecological Conservation Area Tinajillas-Río Gualaceño in the Morona-Santiago Province. The specific name megacephalus refers to the relatively large head of this frog.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2018). "Pristimantis katoptroides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T56691A98651452. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T56691A98651452.en . Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Pristimantis katoptroides (Flores, 1988)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001 . Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Flores, Glenn (1988). "Two new species of Ecuadorian Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) of the E. crucifer assembly". Journal of Herpetology. 22 (1): 34–41. doi:10.2307/1564354. JSTOR   1564354.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Yánez-Muñoz, M. H.; et al. (2019). Ron, S. R.; Merino-Viteri, A. & Ortiz, D. A. (eds.). "Pristimantis katoptroides". Anfibios del Ecuador. Version 2019.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Cusi, Juan Carlos; Barboza, Andy C.; Vredenburg, Vance & von May, Rudolf (2015). "A new locality, range extension and record of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the endangered terrestrial breeding frog Pristimantis katoptroides Flores, 1988 (Anura: Craugastoridae) in Peru". Check List. 11 (2): 1608. doi: 10.15560/11.2.1608 .
  6. ↑ Navarrete, María; Venegas, Pablo & Ron, Santiago (2016). "Two new species of frogs of the genus Pristimantis from Llanganates National Park in Ecuador with comments on the regional diversity of Ecuadorian Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae)". ZooKeys (593): 139–162. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.593.8063 . PMC   4926633 . PMID   27408555.
  7. ↑ Brito, Jorge; Batallas, Diego & Yánez-Muñoz, Mario H. (2017). "Ranas terrestres Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) de los bosques montanos del río Upano, Ecuador: Lista anotada, patrones de diversidad y descripción de cuatro especies nuevas". Neotropical Biodiversity. 3 (1): 125–156. doi: 10.1080/23766808.2017.1299529 .
  8. ↑ Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 166.
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