Pristimantis

Pristimantis
P. elegans , Colombia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Strabomantidae
Subfamily:	Pristimantinae
Genus:	Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870 [1]
Diversity
About 620 species, see list

Pristimantis is a very speciose genus of frogs distributed in the southern Caribbean islands (Lesser Antilles) and in Central and South America from Honduras to northern Argentina and southern Brazil. ^[1] With 617 described species (as of February 2025), the genus has more species than any other vertebrate genus. ^[2] Many of these species genus are endemic to the Northwestern Andean montane forests ecoregion in north-western South America. ^[3]

Etymology

From the Greek πρίστις (serrated) and μάντις (arboreal frog). ^[4]

Taxonomy

Placement of this genus has varied greatly. Pristimantis was long included in the massive genus Eleutherodactylus , and considered part of the family Leptodactylidae. Currently, the genus is placed in the family Strabomantidae, subfamily Strabomantinae. ^{[2] [5] [1]}

Species

Main article: List of Pristimantis species

Pristimantis orcesi , Pristimantis erythros , Pristimantis pycnodermis and Pristimantis loujosti

As of February 2025, 617 Pristimantis species had been named, but new ones continue to be described on a regular basis (e.g., ^{[6] [7] [8] [9]} ): ^[1]

Notes

1. Frost, Darrel R. (2025). "Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001 . Retrieved 18 February 2025.
2. "Strabomantidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
3. C. Michael Hogan & World Wildlife Fund. 2012. Northwestern Andean montane forests. ed. P.Saundry. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
4. Jiménez de la Espada, M. (1870). "Fauna neotropicalis species quaedam nondum cognitae". Jornal de Sciências, Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes. Lisboa (3): 57–65.
5. Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
6. Székely, Paul; Eguiguren, Juan Sebastián; Ordóñez-Delgado, Leonardo; Armijos-Ojeda, Diego; Székely, Diana (10 September 2020). "Fifty years after: A taxonomic revision of the amphibian species from the Ecuadorian biodiversity hotspot Abra de Zamora, with description of two new Pristimantis species". PLOS ONE. 15 (9) e0238306. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1538306S. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238306 . PMC   7482940 . PMID   32911497.
7. Brito-Zapata, David; Reyes-Puig, Carolina (2021). "A new species of terrestrial-breeding frog Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor, Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador". Neotropical Biodiversity. 7 (1): 213–222. Bibcode:2021NeBio...7..213B. doi: 10.1080/23766808.2021.1940048 .
8. Köhler, Jörn; Glaw, Frank; Aguilar-Puntriano, César; Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago; Chaparro, Juan C.; Riva, Ignacio De la; Gagliardi-Urrutia, Giussepe; Gutiérrez, Roberto; Vences, Miguel; Padial, José M. (16 May 2024). "Similar looking sisters: A new sibling species in the Pristimantis danae group from the southwestern Amazon basin (Anura, Strabomantidae)". Zoosystematics and Evolution. 100 (2): 565–582. doi: 10.3897/zse.100.119143 . hdl: 10481/95651 . ISSN   1860-0743.
9. Yánez-Muñoz, Mario H.; Reyes-Puig, Juan P.; Reyes-Puig, Carolina; Lagla-Chimba, Gabriela; Paucar-Veintimilla, Christian; Urgiles-Merchán, Miguel A.; Carrión-Olmedo, Julio C. (29 January 2025). "High speciation in the cryptic Pristimantis celator clade (Anura: Strabomantidae) of the Mira river basin, Ecuador-Colombia". PeerJ. 13 e18680. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18680 . ISSN   2167-8359. PMC   11786716 . PMID   39897485.

References

• P.J.R. Kok, Means, D.B., & Bossuyt, F. (2011). "A new highland species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1871 (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Pantepui region, northern South America." Zootaxa 2934: 1–19.
• T. Orrell. (custodian) (2012). ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (version April 2011). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 25 June 2012 (Bisby F., Roskov Y., Culham A., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.