Prosecution of Marte Dalelv

Last updated

Marte Deborah Dalelv (born 1988) is a Norwegian woman, who in 2013, received a prison sentence of 16 months in Dubai, United Arab Emirates for perjury, consensual extramarital sex and alcohol consumption. Dalelv had originally reported a man to the police for an alleged rape [1] but withdrew the rape allegation several days later, saying at that time that the intercourse had been consensual. [2] In court she claimed she had been raped. [3]

Contents

Dalelv's boss was jailed for 13 months for alcohol consumption and having consensual sex. Dalelv appealed the conviction and had a hearing scheduled for September 2013, but she was pardoned on 22 July, a few days after Norwegian media reported the news and after it had drawn extensive international media attention, which caused an uproar on both social media and traditional Western media outlets. Human rights activists and politicians expressed strong criticism of the Dubai justice system's handling of the incident. In Norway the criticism, as first expressed by professor in religious studies, Dag Øistein Endsjø, was mainly against the initial lack of official Norwegian reaction against what was considered a human rights violation against a Norwegian citizen. The incident occurred in March 2013 and was first reported by Norwegian media on 17 July 2013. [4]

Dalelv had worked as an interior designer in Qatar since 2011 until this incident. [5]

Allegations of rape and investigation

Dalelv's account

Dalelv was in Dubai for a business meeting and joined colleagues from her company in Qatar for a night out on 6 March at a hotel nightclub on Sheikh Zayed Road. [6] She reported that it was a long evening where everyone drank a lot. She asked a colleague, [7] a Sudanese man named Hawari [8] (alternatively reported as HM in some reports) to help her back into her room, because she was drunk. But he brought her into his room and said to her that he would sleep on the sofa and she could sleep in the bed. [9]

In her account, she then removed her clothes except for her underwear and slept in the bed with HM on a sofa. [10] Later she described presumably more details to the press. In Sky News was to read: "She said that she wanted to calm this situation down and that she sat down and wanted to drink her bottle of water and after it she wanted to go, to find her room by herself, but this was the last thing she remembered". [11] To the day after this situation she reported, that she had woken up in the morning and realised she was being raped. She claimed she had tried to resist the man, but he pushed her head down; room-service then knocked on the door [12] and she escaped. She stated that she had gone down to the lobby and asked the people in the lobby to call the police for her. [13] [14]

Police investigation

Dalelv made the initial complaint of rape early on 7 March. According to the police transcripts, she told the questioning police officer: "I had three glasses of vodka, one mojito and a beer while we were at the club, and I asked [the person] to protect me from molestation attempts". In the same account, she reported taking a cab with colleagues, including the alleged attacker, to the hotel where they were staying and that she had forgotten where her room was located. Images from the hotel's closed-circuit TV camera, which were produced in court, show Dalelv entering her colleague's room with her arm placed around his waist in one snapshot, and resting her head on his shoulder in another. Prosecution records cited Dalelv admitting she initiated the sexual activity with H.A. and he responded. [15]

Dalelv said a medical examination seeking evidence of the alleged rape and a blood test for alcohol were taken as a standard procedure. [16] The Dubai police forensic report confirmed the woman had had sex but there was no mention of any physical violence. [15] She claims she was then held in custody for three days and that both her money and her passport were confiscated. [1] After four days, she was loaned a phone card and contacted her stepfather in Norway. [17]

Retraction

Six days later, on 12 March, Dalelv returned to the police and retracted her allegation, saying that she had made the initial complaint "because I was under the influence of alcohol". [18] She told the public prosecutor's office, in one of the many hearings, that she had had consensual sex. [19] [20] According to the prosecution records, Dalelv said "I confirm that he did not rape me, but had sex with me with my consent". [ citation needed ]

In an interview with the media, she says she began to suspect that the police did not believe her story after her first interview and says she was initially advised by her manager to claim the sex was consensual in order to avoid a drawn-out court case. According to The National , an employee of her company had told her it would be a difficult case to prove, and withdrawing it would help her leave the UAE. [21] Dalelv's employers in Qatar, Al Mana Interiors, claim the advice to retract the allegations came from the police and that her manager only translated the advice into English. Other sources quote the spokesman denying that she was advised to change her report to police. "This was not true", the spokesman said. [21]

Dalelv reportedly regretted following that advice: "I can't blame anyone else here but me, because nobody forced me to say it. I just wish I hadn't taken that advice". [22] In an interview with the CNN, she said "That was my biggest regret... I just thought it would all go away". [20] She added: "I took their advice but after I left the public prosecutor's office I was crying. I felt it was almost as bad as what had happened because I had to go against everything I believed and I believed in telling the truth". [21] When the case did go to court, she reverted to her initial allegation of having been raped. [15] [23]

Sentence

In July 2013, the Dubai Misdemeanour Court convicted Dalelv of falsely reporting to the police that she was raped, for which they sentenced her to three months' imprisonment, and of drinking alcohol, for which they sentenced her to one month's imprisonment. The court also convicted her of having consensual extramarital sex, for which they sentenced her to 12 months imprisonment, since extramarital sex ( zina ) is outlawed in the UAE. Dalelv admitted to drinking alcohol, but she denied having consensual sex and making a false report to the police that she had been raped on 6 March. [15] [24] She appealed the conviction and had a hearing scheduled for 5 September 2013. Her advocate in court asked the court to refer the case to the public prosecution for a re-investigation into her rape claim, arguing:

[A]ccording to the forensic examiner's testimony before the court, she did not completely eliminate the probability of rape claiming that Dalelv could have been raped while she slept. Although the forensic report did not confirm any rape, the examiner's probability matched my client's claim that H.A. raped her while she slept. [15]

Dalelv's Sudanese boss pleaded guilty and confessed to having consensual sex. He was jailed for 13 months for alcohol consumption and having consensual sex. [15]

Termination of work contract

Dalelv was fired from her job at THE One Total Home Experience in April on the ground of "unacceptable and improper behaviour during your last business trip in Dubai, which has resulted in your arrest by the Police Authorities in UAE" [25] and "that was in direct violation of the company policy". [21] Her colleague was also fired. The local franchise in Doha is owned by Janet Jackson's husband, Wissam al-Mana. [26] [27]

Officials from Norwegian colleges, including Westerdals College and the Idefag School in Tønsberg, expressed outrage at the actions of The One and indicated that they would cease cooperation with the firm in their recruitment drives. [28]

On 21 July 2013, the company claimed they were working to secure her release, would provide legal support and that she was terminated because she "ceased communication" with them, not because of the rape allegations. The statement said:

We are sympathetic to Marte Dalelv during this very difficult situation. Al Mana Interiors has repeatedly offered Marte support and company representatives were by her side throughout the initial investigation and police interviews, and spent days at both the police station and the prosecutor's office to help win her release. [29]

On 22 July 2013, Thomas Lundgren, head of THE One, said in an interview that it had been a mistake to fire Dalelv during the trial and that the company would offer both Dalelv and the man she accused their jobs back. [30]

Reactions

After her arrest, Dalelv initially received only "consular assistance" from the Norwegian embassy, as is usual when Norwegian citizens are charged with criminal acts abroad. [4] The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs also "advised people to look into the legal situation of the country they travel to because what they consider innocent may be illegal in a conservative country." [31] Her family and the Norwegian consulate negotiated her release and she took refuge at the Norwegian Seamans' Centre in Dubai.[ citation needed ]

On 18 July 2013, professor and human rights activist Dag Øistein Endsjø strongly criticized the official Norwegian reactions, slamming the Department of Foreign Affairs for their failure to understand that the incident is a human rights issue involving the right to privacy. He further criticised their silence towards the Emirate government despite the violation of the basic human rights of a Norwegian citizen, instead treating Dalelv as if she were just another Norwegian abroad being charged with a common crime. [32] This was followed by heavy criticism by various leading opposition politicians. [33] [34] [35]

The serious reaction against the Norwegian government led to an official turnaround, after which Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs Espen Barth Eide criticised the conviction, first saying "this is clearly in conflict with our sense of justice" and admitting that it was "problematic from a human rights perspective." [36] The lack of initial official reactions from the Norwegian government was later criticized by the Norwegian chapter of Amnesty International. [37] On 19 July 2013, Barth Eide finally took the same clear human rights principal position as originally argued by Endsjø: "One shall respect different cultures but not violate human rights. The right to sexual freedom and the control over one's own body are among these". [38] Ministry of Foreign Affairs consultant Kathrine Raadim indicated that Norway would not recall its ambassador to the UAE. [39]

The incident also caused an uproar on social media, as people were leaving comments on the Facebook pages of both the employer, THE One Total Home Experience and the Dubai Tourist Office. THE One Total Home Experience closed their Facebook page to comments from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark on 19 July 2013. [40]

The affair also received international attention outside Norway. German news magazine Spiegel and the tabloid newspaper Bild also reported on the incident. [41] [42] The translated Bild headline was: "Boycott Dubai! – The world is outraged". In France and the francophone world, le Monde and le Figaro reported the affair on 20 July 2013. [43] [44] The BBC published an article about the incident on 20 July 2013. [6] Euronews reported on 20 July 2013 about it in several languages. [45] USA Today reported the incident on 18 July 2013. [1] The New York Daily News reported the incident on 18 July 2013. [46] The Associated Press reported the incident on 19 July 2013. [17] Al Jazeera reported the incident on 20 July 2013. [47] Human Rights Watch has previously focused on the UAE's poor record in dealing with sexual violence. [48]

Anne Katrin Bang, a Middle East specialist of the Chr. Michelsen Institute, declared on 21 July 2013 that the matter will be resolved quickly, because for Dubai and the United Arab Emirates such negative worldwide media attention is completely unusual, and that they spend enormous resources on getting businesses and tourists to Dubai, so that it would be very likely that diplomacy will work in this case. [49] [50]

Pardon

Dalelv and the Norwegian ambassador were called to a meeting with the prosecutor on 22 July. She was informed that she had been pardoned and was free to leave Dubai. [51] The pardon came from the Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the Prime Minister and Vice President of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and constitutional monarch of Dubai. [52] By law, a pardon must be extended to all those convicted in a case, [21] hence the man Dalelv accused of rape was also pardoned [53] as he had never been charged with rape and both parties had been given a pardon for drinking alcohol and having sex outside of marriage. When the pardon was announced, the Norwegian ambassador to the UAE said: [21]

We are very happy with the dialogue we have had with the UAE from the political level over the last week. We will continue to work with the UAE and we are grateful this pardon was given during Ramadan.

Marte Dalelv was back in Norway on 24 July. [54]

See also

Related Research Articles

In scholarly literature and criminology, gang rape, also called serial gang rape, party rape, group rape, or multiple perpetrator rape, is the rape of a single victim by two or more violators. Gang rapes are forged on shared identity, religion, ethnic group, or race. There are multiple motives for serial gang rapes, such as for sexual entitlement, asserting sexual prowess, war, punishment, and, in up to 30% of cases, for targeting racial minorities, religious minorities, or ethnic groups.

Human Rights in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are substantially restricted. The UAE does not have democratically elected institutions and citizens do not have the right to change their government or form political parties. Activists and academics who criticize the government are detained and imprisoned, and their families are often harassed by the state security apparatus. There are reports of forced disappearances of foreign nationals and Emirati citizens, who have been abducted, detained and tortured in undisclosed locations, and denied the right to a speedy trial and access to counsel during investigations by the UAE government. Human Rights Watch states that Emirati laws maintain capital punishment and discriminate against women, migrants and LGBT individuals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBTQ rights in the United Arab Emirates</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in the United Arab Emirates face discrimination and legal challenges. Homosexuality is illegal in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and under the federal criminal provisions, consensual same-sex sexual activity is punishable by imprisonment; extra-marital sexual activity between persons of different sexes is also illegal. In both cases, prosecution will only be brought if a husband or male guardian of one of the participants makes a criminal complaint. The penalty is a minimum of six months imprisonment; no maximum penalty is prescribed, and the court has full discretion to impose any sentence in accordance with the country's constitution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kobe Bryant sexual assault case</span> 2003–2005 legal matter

The Kobe Bryant sexual assault case began on July 18, 2003, when the news media reported that the sheriff's office in Eagle, Colorado, had arrested then-professional basketball player Kobe Bryant in connection with an investigation of a sexual assault complaint, filed by a 19-year-old hotel employee.

Crystal Gail Mangum is an American former exotic dancer from Durham, North Carolina, United States, who has been incarcerated for murder since 2013. In 2006, she came to attention in national news reports for having made false allegations of rape against lacrosse players in the Duke lacrosse case. Mangum's work in the sex industry as a black woman while the young men she accused were white generated extensive media interest and academic debate about race, class, gender, and the politicization of the justice system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human rights in Dubai</span>

Human rights in Dubai are based on the Constitution and enacted law, which promise equitable treatment of all people, regardless of race, nationality or social status, per Article 25 of the Constitution of the United Arab Emirates. Despite this, Freedom House has stated: "Extreme forms of self-censorship are widely practiced, particularly regarding issues such as local politics, culture, religion, or any other subject the government deems politically or culturally sensitive. The Dubai Media Free Zone (DMFZ), an area in which foreign media outlets produce print and broadcast material intended for foreign audiences, is the only arena where the press operates with relative freedom."

According to Human Rights Watch, there is substantial discrimination against women in the United Arab Emirates. The status of women has improved over the years. UAE performs better on metrics of gender equality than many other states in the Gulf region, and it has been making reforms to protect women's rights and empower women in different sectors. Critics describe some of these reforms as window dressing.

Rape by deception is a situation in which the perpetrator deceives the victim into participating in a sexual act to which they would otherwise not have consented, had they not been deceived. Deception can occur in many forms, such as illusory perceptions, false statements, and false actions.

The Martinsville Seven were a group of seven African-American men from Martinsville, Virginia, who were all executed in 1951 by the state of Virginia after being convicted of raping a white woman. At the time of their arrest, all but one were between the ages of 18 and 23. They were quickly tried in six separate trials, and each was convicted and sentenced to death. It was the largest mass execution for rape that had been reported in the United States. On August 31, 2021, the Governor of Virginia pardoned the convictions of all seven men, 70 years after their deaths.

Punishment for rape in Pakistan under the Pakistani laws is either death penalty or imprisonment of between ten and twenty-five years. For cases related to gang rape, the punishment is either death penalty or life imprisonment. DNA test and other scientific evidence are used in prosecuting rape cases in Pakistan.

Rape is the fourth most common crime against women in India. According to the 2021 annual report of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 31,677 rape cases were registered across the country, or an average of 86 cases daily, a rise from 2020 with 28,046 cases, while in 2019, 32,033 cases were registered. Of the total 31,677 rape cases, 28,147 of the rapes were committed by persons known to the victim. The share of victims who were minors or below 18 – the legal age of consent – stood at 10%.

Esther Wanjiru Mwikamba was a Kenyan woman who died on March 20, 2012, following a coma state since February 18, 2012, when she was brutally assaulted for questioning the molestation of her friend, while she with her friends were leaving a night club in Dubai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal</span> Sexual abuse scandal in Rotherham, England

The Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal consists of the organised child sexual abuse that occurred in the town of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, Northern England from the late 1980s until 2013 and the failure of local authorities to act on reports of the abuse throughout most of that period. Researcher Angie Heal, who was hired by local officials and warned them about child exploitation occurring between 2002 and 2007, has since described it as the "biggest child protection scandal in UK history", with one report estimating that 1,400 girls were abused by "grooming gangs" between 1997 and 2013. Evidence of the abuse was first noted in the early 1990s, when care home managers investigated reports that children in their care were being picked up by taxi drivers. From at least 2001, multiple reports passed names of alleged perpetrators, several from one family, to the police and Rotherham Council. The first group conviction took place in 2010, when five British-Pakistani men were convicted of sexual offences against girls aged 12–16.

Alicia Gali is an Australian woman who was jailed for eight months in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates in 2008. She was accused of having illicit sexual relationship under UAE law after reporting to the police about being drugged and raped by three co-workers. Her case raised public attention and criticism of the UAE's justice system's handling of the incident.

The legal system in the United Arab Emirates is based on civil law, and Sharia law in the personal status matters of Muslims and blood money compensation. Personal status matters of non-Muslims are based on civil law. The UAE constitution established a federal court system and allows all emirates to establish local courts systems. The emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Ras Al Khaimah have local court systems, while other emirates follow the federal court system. Some financial free trade zones in Abu Dhabi and Dubai have their own legal and court systems based on English common law; local businesses in both emirates are allowed to opt-in to the jurisdiction of common law courts for business contracts.

People v. Turner, formally The People of the State of California v. Brock Allen Turner (2015), was a criminal case in which Brock Allen Turner was convicted by jury trial of three counts of felony sexual assault.

Therese Jebsen is a Norwegian human-rights activist who is a senior advisor at the Rafto Foundation in Bergen, Norway. She was formerly the executive director of that organization.

On the night of 21 January 2017, in Uppsala, Sweden, a group of three refugee Muslim men gang raped a nearly unconscious woman for around three hours and livestreamed the assault on Facebook. The stream was circulated on a closed Facebook group with around 60,000 members. Police were alerted the next morning on 22 January, when one viewer of the Facebook livefeed, who had initially believed the video to be staged, realised what was happening and phoned the police, who arrived at the apartment, where they found one of the men still filming and the woman still present. The case sparked outrage across Sweden and caused controversy about Facebook failing to report the crime and terminate the stream.

Detained in Dubai is a London-based organisation founded in 2008 by Radha Stirling, which states its aim is to help foreigners abroad.

The 2019 Cyprus rape allegation case is a high-profile case of a reported gang rape in Cyprus. In July 2019, a 19-year old British woman on holiday in Ayia Napa reported she had been gang raped by twelve Israeli tourists. The Israeli men were subsequently arrested and investigated over the allegation by the Cyprus Police, but they were released without charge and the woman was charged for making a false allegation. In January 2020, the woman was convicted of "public mischief" in a Cypriot court and received a suspended sentence. Her conviction was overturned in 2022 by the Cypriot Supreme Court on the grounds that she had not received a fair trial. The woman has maintained that she was pressured to retract her statement, something contested by Cypriot authorities. The case triggered intense international scrutiny.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Winter, Michael (29 June 2010). "Dubai imprisons Norwegian woman who reported rape". USA Today. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  2. ↑ Dubai sex case offers lessons both in the UAE and abroad The National , 23 July 2013; retrieved 9 October 2013.
  3. ↑ Andreas Slettholm (23 July 2013): Marte Dalelv ble dømt fordi hun trakk voldtektsanmeldelsen Aftenposten ; retrieved 9 October 2013 (in Norwegian)
  4. 1 2 "Norsk kvinne anmeldte voldtekt i Dubai: – Dømt forsex utenfor ekteskap", vg.no, 17 July 2013. (in Norwegian)
  5. ↑ "Vergewaltigte Norwegerin von ihrer Firma 'The One' im Stich gelassen", focus.de; accessed 15 November 2014. (in German)
  6. 1 2 "Dubai sentences Norwegian woman who reported rape". BBC News. 20 July 2013.
  7. ↑ "Jailed woman admits she initially told authorities sex was consensual". Gulf News. 21 July 2013.
  8. ↑ "Dubai pardons Norwegian woman Marte Dalelv jailed for reporting rape". The Australian. 23 July 2013.
  9. ↑ Knast für Sex vor der EheJetzt spricht das Vergewaltigungsopfer von Dubai, blick.ch; accessed 15 November 2014. (in German)
  10. ↑ "Facts behind the headlines of the Marte Deborah Dalelv Dubai sex case". The National. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  11. ↑ Sky News: Disbelief At Jail Term After 'Rape'
  12. ↑ Norwegerin schildert Details ihrer "Unzucht", welt.de; accessed 15 November 2014.
  13. ↑ Im Gefängnis in Dubai„Wir tranken viel“ – Norwegerin spricht über Vergewaltigung, focus.de; accessed 15 November 2014. (in German)
  14. ↑ "Expat appeals UAE sentence after rape charge". Al Jazeera. 20 July 2013.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Norwegian woman Marte Deborah Dalelv jailed for having consensual sex with boss". Gulf News. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  16. ↑ "Marte Deborah Dalelv: Norwegian woman's16-month sentence in Dubai after rape claim draws outrage". CBS News. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  17. 1 2 Murphy, Brian (19 July 2013). "Marte Deborah Dalelv, Alleged Norwegian Rape Victim, Sentenced To 16 Months Jail in Dubai For Sex Outside of Marriage". Huffington Post. Associated Press.
  18. ↑ "Norwegian sentenced to prison after she files rape claim in Dubai". CNN. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  19. ↑ "Marte Deborah Dalelv initially told authorities she had consensual sex". Gulf News. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  20. 1 2 "Norwegian woman: I was raped in Dubai, now I face prison sentence". CNN. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Pardoned Norwegian woman in Dubai rape claim case 'overwhelmed' by freedom". TheNational. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  22. ↑ "Jailed woman admits she initially told authorities sex was consensual". Gulf News. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  23. ↑ "Norwegian woman jailed in Dubai after reporting rape". Al Jazeera. 20 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  24. ↑ "UD tar sterk avstand fra Dubai-dommen" (in Norwegian). Dagbladet. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  25. ↑ "Dubai boss says sent hate mail over Norwegian rape victim". Arabian Business. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  26. ↑ "Janet Jackson's husband fired Marte Dalelv (24)". VG Nett (in Norwegian). 20 July 2013.
  27. ↑ "Slik mistet Marte (24) jobben etter voldtekts-anmeldelsen" (in Norwegian). VG Nett om Midtøsten. 19 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  28. ↑ "Norwegian schools cut ties with Dubai job-fder". The Local. 19 July 2013.
  29. ↑ "Statement on Marte Dalelv by Al Mana Interiors, W.L.L. Spokesperson Hani El Korek", Yahoo! Finance; retrieved 20 July 2013.
  30. ↑ Courtney Trenwith (22 July 2013): "Dubai boss says sacking rape case woman was wrong", ArabianBusiness.com; retrieved 4 August 2013.
  31. ↑ The Norwegian Department of Foreign Affairs to NRK, nrk.no, 18 July 2013. (in Norwegian)
  32. ↑ Endsjø, Dag Øistein. "Norsk velsignelse av menneskerettighetsbrudd" on nrk.no 18 July 2013, 10:34, and on Radio Norge Nyheter 18 July 2013, 14:00, Dagsnytt on NRK Radio P1-P3 18 July 2013, 15:00 and later, NRK Alltid Nyheter, 18 July 2013, 15:05, Dagsnytt Atten on NRK Radio P2 18 July 2013, 18:00 and Dagsrevyen on NRK TV1, 18 July 2013, 19:00 and 21:00. (in Norwegian)
  33. ↑ "Middelaldersk menneskesyn, norske myndigheter bør reagere tydeligere", Aftenposten.no, 18 July 2013
  34. ↑ "Krever at regjeringen hjelper Marte", vg.no, 18 July 2013. (in Norwegian)
  35. ↑ Coulthart, Ross (12 May 2013). "Abandoned in the UAE". au.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  36. ↑ "UD tar sterk avstand fra Dubai-dommen", NRK.no, 18 July 2013 (in Norwegian).
  37. ↑ "Amnesty: – Umenneskelig behandling av Marte (24)", TV2.no, 19 July 2013. (in Norwegian)
  38. ↑ "Barth Eide: 'Tydeligere reaksjoner kunne forverret Martes situasjon'", Aftenposten, 19 July 2013. (in Norwegian)
  39. ↑ "A Dubaï, une Norvégienne condamnée à seize mois de prison pour avoir été violée". Le Monde. Agence France-Presse. 20 July 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
  40. ↑ Fjeldstad, Silje Borchgrevink (19 July 2013). "Fjernet Facebook-side etter klagestorm" (in Norwegian). VG Nett om Midtøsten. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  41. ↑ „Boykottiert Dubai!“ – Die Welt ist empört, bild.de; accessed 15 November 2014. (in German)
  42. ↑ Verurteilte Norwegerin in Dubai: Erst vergewaltigt, dann ins Gefängnis, spiegel.de; accessed 15 November 2014. (in German)
  43. ↑ Dubaï, une Norvégienne condamnée à 16 mois de prison pour avoir été violée, LeMonde.fr, 20 July 2013.
  44. ↑ Emirats:condamnée pour avoir été violée, LeFigaro.fr; accessed 15 November 2014. (in French)
  45. ↑ English language version of Marte Dalelv story, euronews.com, 20 July 2013.
  46. ↑ Moran, Lee (18 July 2013). "Norwegian woman raped in Dubai is jailed for having sex outside of marriage". Daily News. New York. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  47. ↑ "Expat appeals UAE sentence after rape charge". Al Jazeera. 20 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  48. ↑ "How the UAE Condones Sexual Violence". Human Rights Watch. 29 June 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  49. ↑ Tror på positiv løsning for Marte i Dubai, dagbladet.no, 21 July 2013 (in Norwegian)
  50. ↑ Norwegerin schildert Details ihrer "Unzucht", welt.de; accessed 15 November 2014. (in German)
  51. ↑ Dubai ruler pardons Marte Dalelv, aftenposten.no; accessed 15 July 2014. (in German)
  52. ↑ In Dubai vergewaltigte Norwegerin begnadigt, welt.de; accessed 15 November 2014. (in German)
  53. ↑ BBC: Dubai rape case Norwegian woman 'free to go', bbc.co.uk; accessed 15 November 2014.
  54. ↑ Bild online: Vergewaltigungsopfer wieder zu Hause in Norwegen. Kann Marte den Schock je überwinden?, bild.de; accessed 15 November 2014. (in German)
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.