Protomonaxonida

Protomonaxonida Temporal range: 516.0–150  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Porifera
Class:	Demospongiae
Order:	† Protomonaxonida Finks et al. 2004 [2]
Families
†Choiidae †Halichondritidae †Hamptoniidae †Hazeliidae †Leptomitidae †Lobatospongia †Piraniidae †Takakkawiidae †Ulospongiellidae †Wapkiidae

Protomonaxonida is an extinct order of sea sponges. It is a paraphyletic group gathering the most ancient species from the Burgess Shale to modern sponges.

Families and genera

• Family †Choiidae Laubenfels, 1925
  • Genus † Allantospongia Rigby & Hou, 1995 ^[3]
  • Genus † Choia Walcott, 1920 ^[4]
  • Genus † Choiaella Rigby & Hou, 1995 ^[3]
  • Genus † Lenica Goryanskiy, 1977
  • Genus † Neochoiaella Keupp & Schweigert, 2012 ^[1]
• Family †Halichondritidae Rigby, 1986 ^[5]
  • Genus † Halichondrites Walcott, 1920 ^[4]
  • Genus † Pohlispongia Rigby & von Bitter, 2005 ^[6]
• Family †Hamptoniidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus † Hamptonia Walcott, 1920 ^[4]
  • Genus † Hamptoniella Rigby & Collins, 2004 ^[7]
• Family †Hazeliidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus † Crumillospongia Rigby, 1986 ^[5]
  • Genus † Falospongia Rigby, 1986 ^[5]
  • Genus † Hazelia Walcott, 1920 ^[4]
• Family †Leptomitidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus † Leptomitus Walcott, 1886
  • Genus † Paraleptomitella Chen et al., 1989
  • Genus † Pseudoleptomitus Botting et al., 2019 ^[8]
  • Genus † Wareiella Rigby & Harris, 1979
• Genus † Lobatospongia Rigby et al., 2007
• Family †Piraniidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus † Moleculospina Rigby, 1986 ^[5]
  • Genus † Pirania Walcott, 1920 ^[4]
• Family †Takakkawiidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus † Takakkawia Walcott, 1920 ^[4]
• Family †Ulospongiellidae Rigby & Collins, 2004 ^[7]
  • Genus † Hapalospongia Rigby & Collins, 2004 ^[7]
  • Genus † Ulospongiella Rigby & Collins, 2004 ^[7]
• Family †Wapkiidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus † Wapkia Walcott, 1920 ^[4]

The following families from the order Hadromerida are also sometimes placed in Protomonaxonida:

• Family Sollasellidae von Lendenfeld, 1887
  • Genus † Luterospongia Rigby et al., 2008
  • Genus † Mckittrickella Rigby et al., 2007
  • Genus † Monaxoradiata Rigby & Bell, 2006
  • Genus † Opetionella Zittel, 1878
  • Genus † Rhizopsis Schrammen, 1910
  • Genus † Stramentella Gerasimov, 1960
  • Genus † Trichospongiella Rigby, 1971
• Family Tethyidae Gray, 1867
  • Genus Tethya Lamarck, 1814

References

1. Keupp, Helmut; Schweigert, Günter (September 2012). "Neochoiaella n. gen. (Demospongeae, Choiaellidae)—a second poriferan Lazarus taxon from the Solnhofen Plattenkalk (Upper Jurassic, Southern Germany)?". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 86 (3): 269–274. doi:10.1007/s12542-012-0134-4.
2. Porifera (Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida, Calcarea). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Revised E(3), R. M. Finks, R. E. H. Reid, and J. K. Rigby. 2004, pages 1-872
3. Rigby, J. K.; Hou, X.-G. (1995). "Lower Cambrian demosponges and hexactinellid sponges from Yunnan, China". Journal of Paleontology . 69 (6): 1009–1019. doi:10.1017/S0022336000037999. JSTOR   1306406.
4. Walcott, C. D. (1920). "Cambrian geology and paleontology IV:6—Middle Cambrian Spongiae". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections . 67: 261–364.
5. Rigby, J. K. (1986). "Sponges of the Burgess shale (Middle Cambrian), British Columbia". Palaeontographica Canadiana (2).
6. Rigby, J. K.; von Bitter, P. (2005). "Sponges and associated fossils from the Pennsylvanian Carbondale Formation of northwestern Illinois". Journal of Paleontology . 79 (3): 460–468. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0460:SAAFFT>2.0.CO;2.
7. Rigby, J. K.; Collins, D. (2004). "Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and Stephen Formations, British Columbia". ROM contributions in science. 1. ISBN   0-88854-443-X. ISSN   1710-7768.
8. Botting, Joseph P.; Brayard, Arnaud; the Paris Biota Team (2019). "A late-surviving Triassic protomonaxonid sponge from the Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA)". Geobios. 54: 5–11. Bibcode:2019Geobi..54....5B. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.006. S2CID   146559079.

External links

• Data related to Protomonaxonida at Wikispecies
• Protomonaxonida at fossilworks