Neolentinus is a genus of wood-decaying agarics with tough fruit bodies composed of dimitic tissue, serrated lamella edges, and nonamyloid white binucleate basidiospores among other features. It was segregated from Lentinus in the broad taxonomic sense, hence the derivation of the name. Biologically Neolentinus species produce a brown rot type of decay of wood, whereas Lentinus causes a white rot. Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that the two genera are unrelated. Neolentinus is phylogenetically allied to other brown rot genera such as Gloeophyllum, Heliocybe, and Veluticeps. A new order, the Gloeophyllales, has been described for these fungi. Heliocybe had been placed in synonymy but it differs phylogenetically and anatomically by the lack of clamp connections that all Neolentinus produce on their generative hyphae.
The genus Stropharia is a group of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous ring on the stipe. Well-known members of this genus include the edible Stropharia rugosoannulata and the blue-green verdigris agarics. Stropharia are not generally regarded as good to eat and there are doubts over the edibility of several species. However the species Stropharia rugosoannulata is regarded as prized and delicious when young, and is now the premier mushroom for outdoor bed culture by mycophiles in temperate climates.
Leratiomyces is a genus of mushroom-forming basidiomycetes first proposed three times under invalid names, and finally validated in 2008. It includes several formerly described, variously, from the genera Stropharia, Hypholoma, and Weraroa. It was formerly classified as Stropharia section Stropholoma, though some authorities placed this section in the genus Hypholoma, as these species often have features that are intermediate between the two genera.
Psilocybe caeruleoannulata is a species of psilocybin mushroom found in Uruguay and Brazil, where it grows on marshy grounds, grasslands, or pastures. It is the most common Psilocybe species in the Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Deconica is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Strophariaceae. It was formerly considered synonymous with Psilocybe until molecular studies showed that genus to be polyphyletic, made of two major clades: one containing bluing, hallucinogenic species, the other non-bluing and non-hallucinogenic species. Deconica contains species formerly classified in the sections Deconica and Coprophila of Psilocybe.
Protostropharia semiglobata, commonly known as the dung roundhead, the halfglobe mushroom, or the hemispherical stropharia, is an agaric fungus of the family Strophariaceae. A common and widespread species with a cosmopolitan distribution, the fungus produces mushrooms on the dung of various wild and domesticated herbivores. The mushrooms have hemispherical straw yellow to buff-tan caps measuring 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in), greyish gills that become dark brown in age, and a slender, smooth stem 3–12 cm (1.2–4.7 in) long with a fragile ring.
Nivatogastrium is a genus of secotioid fungi in the family Strophariaceae. The genus has contained four species found in North America and New Zealand, but the type species, Nivatogastrium nubigenum, is now considered to be a gasteroid species of Pholiota, and was transferred to that genus in 2014.
Atheniella is an agaric fungal genus that produces mostly brightly colored mycenoid fruit bodies on small plant debris on forest floors, in fields and bogs. It is not a member of the Mycenaceae, and unlike most Mycenaceae, its basidiospores and tissues do not react with iodine. Atheniella species were most recently classified in Mycena because of their stature. However, they lack amyloid spores and tissues bewildering taxonomists, leading to temporary placements in Hemimycena and Marasmiellus before being phylogenetically excluded from both genera and the Mycenaceae. Most recently the genus has been classified in the Porotheleaceae. Currently 12 species are recognized.
Protostropharia, is a coprophilous agaric fungal genus that produces glutinous, mostly yellowish to yellow brown fruit bodies. Characteristically most form chrysocystidia and rather large, smooth, violaceous basidiospores each with a prominent germ pore. It is differentiated from Stropharia by production of astrocystidia on its mycelium rather than by acanthocytes that Stropharia produces. Phylogenetically, Protostropharia is distinct from Stropharia, Pholiota, and Leratiomyces. Two species, P. luteonitens and P. tuberosa, form pseudosclerotia in the dung substrates.
Pholiota nubigena, commonly known as the gastroid pholiota or the bubble gum fungus, is a species of secotioid fungus in the family Strophariaceae. It is found in mountainous areas of the western United States, where it grows on rotting conifer wood, often fir logs. It fruits in spring, often under snow, and early summer toward the end of the snowmelt period in high mountain forests. Fruit bodies appear similar to unopened mushrooms, measuring 1–4 centimetres tall with 1–2.4 cm diameter caps that are whitish to brownish. They have a short but distinct whitish stipe that extend through the internal spore mass (gleba) of the fruit body into the cap. The gleba consists of irregular chambers made of contorted gills that are brownish in color. A whitish, cottony partial veil is present in young specimens, but it often disappears in age and does not leave a ring on the stipe.
Neofavolus is a genus of four species of polypore fungi in the family Polyporaceae. All four known species of Neofavolus are known from temperate regions and unknown from the tropics. Neofavolus alveolaris, the type species, is widely distributed in the temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere, while N. cremeoalbidus and N. mikawai are known only from limited areas of eastern Asia. The most recent addition to the genus, N. suavissimus, is found in North America, Europe, and Japan.
Saproamanita nauseosa is a species of agaric fungus in the family Amanitaceae. First described by English mycologist Elsie Maud Wakefield in 1918 as a species of Lepiota, it was named for its nauseating odor. The type specimen was found growing on soil in the Nepenthes greenhouse at Kew Gardens. Derek Reid transferred the species to Amanita in 1966, and then in 2016 the separate genus Saproamanita was created by Redhead et al. for saprophytic Amanitas and it was transferred to this new genus.
Deconica neorhombispora is a species of agaric fungus in the family Strophariaceae. It can be found in Brazil and Mexico. It was originally described from specimens found near San Bartolomé Ayautla, Oaxaca, Mexico as Naematoloma rhombisporum, then transferred to Hypholoma rhombispora. After this, it was transferred to Psilocybe neorhombispora because the name "Psilocybe rhombispora" was already occupied, but this species is now a synonym of Deconica phyllogena. Psilocybe neorhombispora was finally transferred to Deconica neorhombispora. Psilocybe subbrunneocystidiata was originally named as a new species of Psilocybe from Itapuã State Park in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The authors assigned it to Psilocybe section brunneocystidiatae with Psilocybe brunneocystidiata, Psilocybe neocaledonica and Psilocybe aureicystidiata. Psilocybe subbrunneocystidiata was found to be a synonym of Deconica neorhombispora. Psilocybe neocaledonica and Psilocybe aureicystidiata were also found to belong in Deconica.
Panaeolus alcis is a species of agaric fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae. Found in Europe and Canada, it was described as new to science in 1984 by Austrian mycologist Meinhard Michael Moser. The type collection, made in Sweden, was found growing on moose dung. The fungus produces small, brown fruit bodies with bell-shaped to conical caps measuring 0.4–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) in diameter and 0.3–0.9 cm (0.12–0.35 in) high. Gills are dark gray initially, then develop a black mottling when the spores mature. The gray to brownish stipe is 2–9 cm (0.8–3.5 in) long by 0.5–1.5 mm thick, and pruinose. Spores are smooth, dark brown, and have a pore. They measure 16.3–21 by 8–12 μm when viewed face-on, and 8–10 μm viewed from the side. The fungus has been mostly found fruiting on the droppings of moose, although it has also been recorded on roe deer and reindeer dung.
Phlegmacium balteaticlavatum is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium boreidionysae is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Stropharia caerulea, commonly known as the blue roundhead, is a species of mushroom forming fungus in the family Strophariaceae. It is a somewhat common species found in Europe and North America, where it grows as a saprophyte in meadows, roadsides, hedgerows, gardens, and woodchip mulch. S. caerulea was officially described to science in 1979, although it was known to be a distinct species for about two centuries before that. The scientific name Stropharia cyanea, as defined by Tuomikoski in 1953, and used by several later authors, is a synonym of S. caerulea.
Arrhenia chlorocyanea, commonly known as the verdigris navel, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. Originally named as a species of Agaricus in 1885, and later classified as a member of Omphalina, the species was transferred to the genus Arrhenia in 2002. It is found in Europe and North America.
Brauniella is an agaric fungal genus in the family Strophariaceae. The only species in the genus is Brauniella alba, a species first described as Braunia alba by Brazilian mycologist Johannes Rick in 1934. Braunia is an illegitimate homonym of an earlier name, so Rolf Singer circumscribed Brauniella to contain the fungus in 1955.
Psilocybe alutacea is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. It was described in 2006 and is known from Australia and New Zealand. It is coprophilous, growing on animal dung. The fruitbodies have a small conical or convex cap, subdistant gills with an adnate attachment, a slender brown stipe and a faint blueing reaction to damage. As a blueing member of the genus Psilocybe it contains the psychoactive compounds psilocin and psilocybin.
