RAF Stornoway

For the current civilian use of this facility and airport information, see Stornoway Airport.

Royal Air Force Station Stornoway [1]
Stornoway, Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides in Scotland, United Kingdom
Aerial view of the former RAF Stornoway airfield, April 2008
RAF Stornoway Location in Outer Hebrides Show map of Outer Hebrides RAF Stornoway RAF Stornoway (the United Kingdom) Show map of the United Kingdom
Coordinates	58°13′07″N006°19′53″W / 58.21861°N 6.33139°W / 58.21861; -6.33139
Type	Royal Air Force flying station (former)
Code	USAAF Station 573 [2]
Site information
Owner	Ministry of Defence
Operator	Royal Air Force
Condition	closed
Site history
Built	1940;84 years ago (1940)
In use	1 April 1940 (1940-04-01) – 1945 (1945) 1982 (1982) – 31 March 1998 (1998-03-31)
Fate	transferred to Highlands and Islands Council for civilian use, became Stornoway Airport
Battles/wars	European theatre of World War II Cold War
Airfield information
Identifiers	IATA: SYY, ICAO: EGPO, WMO: 03026
Elevation	8 metres (26 ft) [3] AMSL
Runways Direction Length and surface 18/36 2,315 metres (7,595 ft)  asphalt 06/24 1,000 metres (3,281 ft) asphalt ??/?? ?,??? metres asphalt ??/?? ??? metres asphalt

Royal Air Force Station Stornoway, ^[1] more commonly known as RAF Stornoway ^[4] is a former Royal Air Force (RAF) station and aerodrome near the burgh of Stornoway, on the Isle of Lewis, in the Western Isles of Scotland, operating from 1940 to 1945, and subsequently from 1982 to 1998. Its motto was 'Lead and Guide'. ^[1]

History

Beginnings

Prior to the modern military facility, the airfield was originally developed during the 1930s; consisting of grass runways on the site of Melbost Golf Links, cited to have been the first grass runways in Britain. Limited civilian flights started May 1940 on the Glasgow to Hebrides by Scottish Airways using a de Havilland Rapide, though with the start of Second World War, the Air Ministry acquired the site. ^[5] RAF Stornoway started development by laying four new paved runways in an 'unusual layout' for RAF Coastal Command, completed by 1941. ^[2] It was home to various Coastal Command squadrons patrolling the North Atlantic for U-boats. In late 1940, a detachment of Avro Anson aircraft arrived from No. 612 (County of Aberdeen) Squadron RAF, Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxF). The Ansons operated from the site of RAF Stornoway whilst it was still under construction. By November 1940, the aircraft from 612 Squadron had been posted to RAF Wick in north-east Scotland, and were gradually replaced by Ansons from No. 48 Squadron RAF, then based at RAF Hooton Park.

In March 1940, 827 Naval Air Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm operated Fairey Albacore aircraft from Stornoway in conjunction with the Ansons of 48 Squadron RAF on maritime patrols across the Atlantic Ocean. This continued until the station was completed, at which point they moved away. RAF Stornoway was officially constituted on 1 April 1941;83 years ago (1941-04-01), as part of No. 15 (Reconnaissance) Group RAF, ^{[6] [ failed verification ]} and then No. 18 (Reconnaissance) Group, ^{[7] [ failed verification ]} both of RAF Coastal Command, but was finally closed at the end of the Second World War when it was transferred to the Ministry of Civil Aviation on 1 July 1946, reverting to Stornoway Airport. No. 66 Air-Sea Rescue (ASR) Marine Craft Unit was also based at Stornoway Harbour during 1943 and 1944. ^[8]

Post War

In 1952, biological agents were brought in to the airport for the controversial Operation Cauldron. ^[9] They were testing the dangerous agents on caged monkeys and guinea pigs who were situated on a navy pontoon nearby at the Braighe. ^[10] The tests were carried out by scientists from the Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment (CBDE) from Porton Down.^{[ citation needed ]} When a trawler inadvertently passed through one of the clouds of plague bacteria, the ship and crew were temporarily put under covert surveillance during their return from Iceland to Blackpool and onshore. ^[11]

Cold War

During the height of the Cold War years, Stornoway Airport was home to No. 112 Signals Unit RAF ^[12] that was established in 1960 as an electronic countermeasures (ECM) measurement and evaluation unit by RAF Bomber Command Headquarters (HQBC), based at RAF High Wycombe. The unit measured the signal strength, frequency bandwidths, and aerial performance of the operational Handley Page Victor and Avro Vulcan V bombers, as they flew a course towards, over or away from the unit varying from straight-lines to polar patterns. ^[13] Results were passed back to Operations Research Branch, (HQBC), BCDU at RAF Finningley, and each aircraft's base for the electronics engineers and technicians to review for performance improvement of each piece of equipment that was measured. ^[12] The combined success of 112 S.U., BCDU at RAF Finningley, and each of the aircraft's bases, along with the Operations Research Branch at (HQBC) and technical support from RRE Malvern (later to become RSRE Malvern) was demonstrated by the V-force during the Operation Skyshield exercises ^[14] and readiness through the Cuban Missile Crisis in the early sixties, ^[15] and subsequent exercises ^[16] until the time the unit was closed in 1983.

In the early 1980s, part of the airport was upgraded in a £40 million programme consisting of extensions of the main runway and taxiways, along with new hangars, designed to accept RAF Panavia Tornado aircraft. ^[17] By 1 April 1982, this work was completed, the buildings commissioned, and RAF Stornoway was established once again in order to become a forward operations base (FOB). After sixteen years in this role, and also the end of the Cold War, the RAF station was finally closed ^[18] on 31 March 1998. The Ministry of Defence sold the site to the Western Isles Council, and the aerodrome reverted to civilian use, again becoming Stornoway Airport.

Following this, some of the technical and administrative buildings were further sold, one becoming a Christian school, whilst others including the Nissen hut accommodation blocks were demolished. The runway remains in use as part of Stornoway Airport, and other parts of the site are used as a ground for holding stunt shows and vehicle exhibitions.

Units

RAF Stornoway units

squadron [2]	aircraft operated	date from	date to	moved to	notes
No. 48 Squadron RAF	Avro Anson I Bristol Beaufort I Lockheed Hudson V/III	16 Jul 1940	3 Aug 1941	RAF Stornoway	as a detachment from RAF Hooton Park [19]
No. 48 Squadron RAF	Avro Anson I Bristol Beaufort I Lockheed Hudson V/III	3 Aug 1941	20 Oct 1941	RAF Skitten	detachments at RAF Aldergrove and RAF Limavady [19]
No. 58 Squadron RAF	Armstrong Whitworth Whitley V/VII	30 Aug 1942	2 Dec 1942	RAF Holmsley South	[20]
No. 58 Squadron RAF	Handley Page Halifax II/III	1 Sep 1944	25 May 1945	disbanded	[20]
No. 206 Squadron RAF
No. 224 Squadron RAF	Lockheed Hudson III/V	19 Feb 1942	16 Apr 1942	RAF Tiree	as a detachment from RAF Limavady [21]
No. 500 Squadron RAF	Lockheed Hudson V	22 Mar 1942	30 Aug 1942	RAF St Eval	[22]
No. 502 Squadron RAF	Handley Page Halifax II/III	14 Sep 1944	25 May 1945	disbanded	[23]
No. 518 Squadron RAF	Handley Page Halifax V	6 Jul 1943	25 Sep 1943	RAF Tiree	[23]
No. 612 Squadron RAF	Avro Anson I	Jun 1939	Nov 1940	RAF Wick	as a detachment from RAF Dyce [24]
825 Naval Air Squadron
827 Naval Air Squadron
842 Naval Air Squadron
1840 Naval Air Squadron

The following units were also here at some point: ^[2]

• No. 303 Ferry Training Unit RAF (December 1942 - March 1943) ^[25]
• Detachment of No. 1693 (General Reconnaissance) Flight RAF (August 1944 - ????) ^[26]

RAF Stornoway in fiction

RAF Stornoway is featured in the Tom Clancy novel, Red Storm Rising , as a base for RAF operations over the North Atlantic and against Soviet-held Iceland. Later the displaced carrier air wing from USS Nimitz is based there after the carrier sustains battle damage. It also mentioned in passing in Katherine Kurtz's Death of an Adept.

See also

• Electronic warfare

References

Citations

1. Barrass, Malcolm B. (November 2024). "RAF Stations - S : Stornoway". RAFweb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
2. "Stornoway". ABCT.org.uk. Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust . Retrieved 8 November 2024.
3. Falconer 2012, p. 182.
4. Jefford 2001 , p. 166.
5. The History of Stornoway Airport (YouTube video). Council Chambers, Stornoway, Isle of Lewis: Stornoway Historical Society. 23 February 2017.
6. Barrass, Malcolm B. (October 2024). "Groups 10–19 : No 15 Group". RAFweb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
7. Barrass, Malcolm B. (October 2024). "Groups 10–19 : No 18 Group". RAFweb.org. Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
8. Roskill, Stephen Wentworth (1954). The War at Sea, 1939–1945, Volume 1. H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 332–333.
9. Wheelis, Mark; Rózsa, Lajos; Dando, Malcolm (2006). Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons since 1945 . Harvard University Press. pp.  56–7. ISBN   0-674-01699-8.
10. Fenton, Ben (20 September 2005). "Trawler steamed into germ warfare site and no one said a word". Daily Telegraph . London, England. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
11. Evans, Rob (2000). Gassed. House of Stratus. ISBN   978-1842320716.
12. "112 Signals Unit Stornoway / RAF Stornoway. With appendices. 1964 Aug 1-1973 Dec 31". NationalArchives.gov.uk. Kew, Richmond, Greater London, England: The National Archives.
13. Document AIR 29/4736 – 1974–1980, Kew, Richmond, Greater London, England: The National Archives
14. Document AIR 14/4317 – Monitoring of RED SHRIMP performance before Exercise SKYSHIELD II, Kew, Richmond, Greater London, England: The National Archives
15. White, p 47.
16. Hennessy, p.201
17. Horseman, Martin, ed. (March 1982). "New air base at Stornoway". Armed Forces. Shepperton: Ian Allan. p. 47. ISSN   0142-4696.
18. "RAF to withdraw from Stornoway next month". HeraldScotland.com. The Herald, Newsquest Media Group Ltd. 14 February 1998. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
19. Jefford 1988 , p. 41.
20. Jefford 1988 , p. 43.
21. Jefford 1988 , p. 73.
22. Jefford 1988 , p. 94.
23. Jefford 1988 , p. 95.
24. Jefford 1988 , p. 100.
25. Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 116.
26. Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 145.

Bibliography

• Brookes, Andrew (2009). Vulcan Units of the Cold War. United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. ISBN   978-1-84603-297-4.
• Brookes, Andrew (2011). Victor Units of the Cold War. United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. ISBN   978-1-84908-339-3.
• Falconer, J (2012). RAF Airfields of World War 2. United Kingdom: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN   978-1-85780-349-5.
• Hennessy, Peter (2010). The Secret State, Preparing for the worst 1945-2010. United Kingdom: Penguin Books. ISBN   978-0-141-04469-9.
• Jefford, C.G. (1988) RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN   1-84037-141-2.
• Jefford, C.G. (2001). RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN   1-84037-141-2.
• Sturtivant, R; Hamlin, J; Halley, J (1997). Royal Air Force flying training and support units. United Kingdom: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN   0-85130-252-1.
• White, Roland (2007). Vulcan 607, The epic story of the most remarkable air attack since WWII . United Kingdom: Corgi Books. ISBN   978-0-552-15229-7.

Further reading

• Hamilton-Paterson, James (2013). Under the Radar. United Kingdom: Faber and Faber Limited. ISBN   978-0-571-27398-0.
• Robinson, Derek (2008). Hullo Russia, Goodbye England . United Kingdom: MacLehose Press. ISBN   978-0-85705-092-2.

External links

Media related to RAF Stornoway at Wikimedia Commons