RIOJA-3 was a submarine telecommunications cable system linking the Belgium and the Netherlands across the southern North Sea.
A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea. The first submarine communications cables laid beginning in the 1850s carried telegraphy traffic, establishing the first instant telecommunications links between continents, such as the first transatlantic telegraph cable which became operational on 16 August 1858. Subsequent generations of cables carried telephone traffic, then data communications traffic. Modern cables use optical fiber technology to carry digital data, which includes telephone, Internet and private data traffic.
The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between the United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than 970 kilometres (600 mi) long and 580 kilometres (360 mi) wide, with an area of 570,000 square kilometres (220,000 sq mi).
It had landing points in:
It was withdrawn from service on 13 October 2006 [1]
The Low Countries, the Low Lands, or historically also the Netherlands, is a coastal lowland region in northwestern Europe, forming the lower basin of the Rhine, Meuse, and Scheldt rivers, divided in the Middle Ages into numerous semi-independent principalities that consolidated in the countries of Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, as well as today's French Flanders.
Television in the Netherlands was officially introduced in 1951. In the Netherlands, the television market is divided between a number of commercial networks, such as RTL Nederland, and a system of public broadcasters sharing three channels, NPO 1, NPO 2, and NPO 3. Imported programmes, as well as news interviews with responses in a foreign language, are almost always shown in their original language, with subtitles.
Home2US Communications, Inc. is an open pay TV DBS platform. They offer broadcasting services on the SES-1 satellite (101°W) for ethnic viewers in the United States.
BVN, is a Dutch pay television channel providing Dutch and Flemish public-service television to viewers around the world.
Atlantic Crossing 1 (AC-1) is an optical submarine telecommunications cable system linking the United States and three European countries. It transports speech and data traffic between the U.S., the U.K., the Netherlands and Germany. It is one of several transatlantic communications cables.
RIOJA-2 was a submarine telecommunications cable system linking the United Kingdom and Belgium across the North Atlantic Ocean/English Channel.
ULYSSES is a submarine communications cable network divided into two sections: ULYSSES-1 and ULYSSES-2 that transit the English Channel and the North Sea, respectively. It carries telecommunications and internet signals to-and-from the UK to continental Europe. It began service in 1997 and is owned by WorldCom International, BT, France Telecom and KPN.
TenneT is a transmission system operator in the Netherlands and in a large part of Germany.
Television in Belgium was introduced in 1953 and began with one channel each in Dutch and French.
Walter Meeuws is a Belgian footballer and manager.
The 1951 Men's European Volleyball Championship, the third edition of the event, was organized by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Paris, France from September 12 to September 22, 1951.
Discovery is a Dutch television channel airing in the Netherlands. Its primary target is men aged 25–39.
The FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18 1951 Final Tournament was held in France.
HBO , which was originally established as a premium cable television channel in the United States, has expanded worldwide. Since 1991, HBO has overseen a number of partnerships that operate HBO-branded television networks around the world. As HBO was launched in new markets, the brand has been used in several countries.
Allied Command Channel (ACCHAN) was one of three major North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) commands. ACCHAN was activated in 1952 and disbanded in 1994.
Ocean Layer was a 2,773 GRT cable ship which was built as a cargo ship in 1945 by Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft, Flensburg, German. She was seized in May 1945 before launching and claimed as a war prize. Named Empire Frome, she was allocated to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). The ship was completed in 1948. She was sold and converted to a cable ship in 1953, operating until 1959 when she caught fire at sea. Although she safely reached port, she was declared a constructive total loss and scrapped.
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