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Rav Abba bar Aybo, commonly known as Abba Arikha or simply as Rav (רַב), was a Jewish amora of the 3rd century. He was born and lived in Kafri, Asoristan, in the Sasanian Empire.
Judah ha-Nasi or Judah I, known simply as Rebbi or Rabbi, was a second-century rabbi and chief redactor and editor of the Mishnah. He lived from approximately 135 to 217 CE. He was a key leader of the Jewish community in Roman-occupied Judea after the Bar Kokhba revolt.
The Gemara is an essential component of the Talmud, comprising a collection of rabbinical analyses and commentaries on the Mishnah and presented in 63 books. The term is derived from the Aramaic word גמרא and rooted in the Semitic word ג-מ-ר (gamar), which means "to finish" or "complete". Initially, the Gemara was transmitted orally and not permitted to be written down. However, after Judah the Prince compiled the Mishnah around 200 CE, rabbis from Babylonia and the Land of Israel extensively studied the work. Their discussions were eventually documented in a series of books, which would come to be known as the Gemara. The Gemara, when combined with the Mishnah, forms the full Talmud.
Amoraim refers to Jewish scholars of the period from about 200 to 500 CE, who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral Torah. They were primarily located in Babylonia and the Land of Israel. Their legal discussions and debates were eventually codified in the Gemara. The Amoraim followed the Tannaim in the sequence of ancient Jewish scholars. The Tannaim were direct transmitters of uncodified oral tradition; the Amoraim expounded upon and clarified the oral law after its initial codification.
The Jerusalem Talmud or Palestinian Talmud, also known as the Talmud of the Land of Israel, is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah. Naming this version of the Talmud after Palestine or the Land of Israel—rather than Jerusalem—is considered more accurate, as the text originated mainly from Galilee in Byzantine Palaestina Secunda rather than from Jerusalem, where no Jews lived at the time.
Johanan bar Nappaha was a leading rabbi in the early era of the Talmud. He belonged to the second generation of amoraim.
Bar Kappara was a rabbi of the late 2nd and early 3rd century CE, during the period between the tannaim and amoraim. He was active in Caesarea in the Land of Israel, from around 180 to 220 CE. His name, meaning "Son of Kapparah", was taken from his father, Eleazar ha-Kappar. He was one of the students of R' Judah haNasi, and an Amora of the first generation.
Jose b. Abin was a Jewish Talmudist, known as an amora of the fifth generation who lived in the Galilee in the Land of Israel. He was the son of Rabban Abin I and the teacher of Abin II. He was at first the pupil of Rabbi Jose of Yodqart, but the latter's indifference to his own family caused Jose to leave him and follow Assi. Jose was the most important among the last Halakhists of the amoraim of the Land of Israel. He had a thorough knowledge not only of the Judean customs and halakhot, but of the Babylonian, a fact that has led some scholars to maintain that Jose must have resided at some time in Babylonia. It is probable, however, that he derived his knowledge of Babylonian teaching from his father, who had traveled in Babylonia.
Joshua ben Levi was an amora, a scholar of the Talmud, who lived in the Land of Israel in the first half of the third century. He lived and taught in the city of Lod. He was an elder contemporary of Johanan bar Nappaha and Resh Lakish, who presided over the school in Tiberias. With Johanan bar Nappaha, he often engaged in homiletic exegetical discussions.
The Talmudic academies in Syria Palaestina were yeshivot that served as centers for Jewish scholarship and the development of Jewish law in Syria Palaestina, and later Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda. The academies had a major influence on Judaism through the development of the Jerusalem Talmud, or Palestinian Talmud, which was compiled into book form in around 350–400 CE.
Rav Assi (Hebrew: רב אסי), or Assi (I), was a rabbi of Babylonia, of the first generation of the amoraim.
Rabbi Yannai was an amora who lived in the 3rd century, and of the first generation of the Amoraim of the Land of Israel.
Rabbi Jose bar Hanina was an amora of the Land of Israel, from the second generation of the Amoraim.
Jose bar Zebida was a Jewish Amora sage of the Land of Israel, of the fourth generation of the Amora era. He is cited in the Jerusalem Talmud and the Midrash merely as R. Jose.
R. Hanina of Sepphoris, read as Rabbi Hananiah DeTziporin; alternative Hebrew spelling: רבי חנינא דציפורי) sometimes cited merely as R. Hanina [Hananiah] or Hanina (Hananiah) II, was an Amora of the Land of Israel, of the fifth generation of the Amora era.
Rav Joseph bar Hama was a Babylonian rabbi of the third generation of amoraim.
Samuel b. Jose b. Boon was an Amora of the Land of Israel, of the sixth generation of the Amora era.
Rabbi Hilkiah was an Amora of the Land of Israel of the fourth generation of the Amoraic era. He was an Aggadist and his teachings mostly dealt with this issue.
R. Isaac ben Eliashiv was a fourth-generation Amora sage of the Land of Israel.
Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi, also known as Rabbi Simon, was an amora of the third generation. He was a student of Rabbi Yochanan and Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi. He is commonly called Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi in the Babylonian Talmud, and Rabbi Simon in the Jerusalem Talmud and midrashim. He lived in the south of the Land of Israel, but also visited Tiberias, where he studied with Rabbi Yochanan. He was the first to enumerate God's 13 attributes of mercy, and the first use the phrase tiqqun soferim.
References
- ↑ Newman, Hillel (2011). "Early Halakhic Literature". In Bonfil, Robert; Talgam, Rina; Stroumsa, Guy G.; Irshai, Oded (eds.). Jews in Byzantium : Dialectics of Minority and Majority Culture. Brill. pp. 629–630.
