Ranni Forest Division

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Ranni Forest Division
റാന്നി വനം ഡിവിഷൻ

ராந்நி வன பிரிவு
Perunthenaruvi Pathanamthitta (8).jpg
Ranni Forest Division
Geography
Location Ranni, Kerala,Flag of India.svg  India
Coordinates 9°23′12″N76°47′08″E / 9.3866°N 76.7856°E / 9.3866; 76.7856 Coordinates: 9°23′12″N76°47′08″E / 9.3866°N 76.7856°E / 9.3866; 76.7856
Area1059.0640 km2
Administration
Established1958
Governing body Kerala Forest Department
Website www.forest.kerala.gov.in

The Ranni Forest Division in Kerala, India, was constituted on 7 July 1958, comprising the Ranni, Vadasserikkara, and Goodrical ranges, with its headquarters at Ranni. It covers the parts of Konni reserve forest and the reserves of Ranni, Goodrical, Rajampara, Karimkulam, Kumaramperoor, Valiyakavu, and Schettakkal. It covers an area of 1,059 square kilometres (409 sq mi).[ citation needed ]

Contents

Types of forests and composition

Administrative map of the Ranni Forest Division Ranni forest division map.jpg
Administrative map of the Ranni Forest Division

Reserve forests covering 1,057 square kilometres (408 sq mi) and vested forests covering 1.5 square kilometres (0.6 sq mi) are the major types of forests in this division. The Ranni Forest Division, with its natural beauty and richness in flora and fauna, is a storehouse of many varieties of plants and animals. The forests in the Ranni range can be classified into the following categories.

Divisions of Ranni forest

  Goodrical (61.74955%)
  Vadasserikkara (25.38657%)
  Ranni (12.86388%)

Goodrical range

The Goodrical forest range is situated in the eastern side of Pathanamthitta district, with an area of 654 square kilometres (253 sq mi). Comparatively, human interference is less in these forests than in others in India. But at times of the Sabarimala pilgrimage, these forests ranges are crowded with devotees. Evergreen and semi-evergreen types of forests are here. There are three forest stations under this range: [1]

Vadasserikkara range

The Vadasserikkara range lies to the eastern part of Ranni, with its headquarters at Vadasserikkara. This range covers an area of almost 268 square kilometres (103 sq mi) of the Ranni Forest Division. Kakkattar and Kallar, tributaries of the Pamba River, flow through this range. Small-scale agriculture is done in the populated regions of the Vadasserikkara range, especially on the gentle slopes. The natural forests of this range are classified into west coast tropical evergreen forests, west coast semi-evergreen forests, southern moist mixed deciduous forests, and grasslands. There are three forest stations under Vadasserikkara:

  • Chittar
  • Gurunathanmannu
  • Thannithodu

Ranni range

Karikulam forest Karikulam forest.jpg
Karikulam forest

The Ranni range covers an area of 136.2 square kilometres (53 sq mi), and its headquarters is at Ranni. Evergreen, semi-evergreen, and deciduous types of forests can be seen here. The three forest stations under this range are:

Index of flora and fauna

Flora

Many unique plants and herbs can be seen in these forest ranges. Medical plants such as Shatavari ( Asparagus racemosus ), Solanum anguivi , Desmodium gangeticum , Cissus quadrangularis , Pseudarthria viscida , Strobilanthes ciliatus , and Dysoxylum malabaricum (Vella akil) grow in the deeper parts of the forest. The eco-system of the forests here is suitable for the growth of these plants. A complete list of plants seen in Ranni division is given below.

Crimson seeded sedge (Carex baccans), known for its bright, showy, seed heads, which grow from 6-12 inches long and 3 inches wide Carex baccans (14945605827).jpg
Crimson seeded sedge (Carex baccans), known for its bright, showy, seed heads, which grow from 6–12 inches long and 3 inches wide
List of flora in Ranni division[ citation needed ]
Abutilon persicum Angiopteris evecta
Canthium dicoccum Caesalpinia bonduc
Acacia intsia Crotalaria ferruginea
Carex baccans Antidesma menasu
Acalypha malabarica Caesalpinia mimosoides
Argyreia hirsuta Crotalaria heyneana
Bauhinia phoenicea Aphanamixis polystachya
Ageratum conyzoides Calamus hookerianus
Begonia malabarica Crotalaria pallida
Carissa carandas Crotalaria walkeri
Achyranthes aspera Calanthe masuca
Aristolochia tagala Galinsoga parviflora
Acrotrema arnottiana Croton caudatus
Argyreia elliptica Crotalaria umbellata
Casearia esculenta Garuga pinnata
Ardisia pauciflora Croton malabaricus
Ardisia pauciflora Diploclisia glaucescens
Careya arborea Gleichenia linearis
Acalypha paniculata Croton reticulatus
Asparagus racemosus Diplocyclos palmatus
Cassia hirsuta Glochidion ellipticum
Actephila excelsa Cryptolepis buchananii
Asystasia Falwell Dipterocarpus bourdillonii
Cassia mimosoides Glycine javanica
Actinodaphne tadulingamii Cucumis sativus
Atylosia lineata Dracaena terniflora
Cayratia japonica Glycosmis mauritiana
Adenia hondala Cyanotis aristata
Baccaurea courtallensis Drymaria cordata
Cayratia pedata Gomphandra tetrandra
Adenostemma lavenia Cyanotis pilosa
Barleria involucrata Dumasia villosa
Centrosema pubescens Gordonia obtusa
Aeginetia pedunculata Cycas circilanis
Barringtonia acutangula Ehretia canarensis
Ceropagia candelabrum Gouania microcarpa
Aeschynanthus perrottetii Cyclea peltata
Chassalia ophioxyloides Elaeocarpus munroi
Chloranthus brachystachya Grewia orbiculata
Agrostistachys borneensis Cyperus diffusus
Belosynapsis vivipara Elaeocarpus tuberculatus
Chrysopogon fulvus Grewia umbellifera
Alstonia scholaris Cyperus distans
Bentinckia condepanna Eratostema lineolatum
Cissus quadrangularis Gynura aurantiaca
Amaranthus viridis Cyperus iria
Bidens biternata Eleusine indica
Citrus medica Gynura nitida
Amomum cannicarpum Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum
Biophytum sensitivum Embelia ribes
Clerodendrum viscosum Habenaria crinifea
Anaphalis lawii Debregeasia longifolia
Bischofia javanica Emilia sonchifolia
Clidemia hirta Hedyotis membranacea
Anaphalis subdecurrens Dendrobium herbaceum
Blumea lanceolaria Eragrostis unioloides
Coleus malabaricus Helicteres isora
Anaphalis travancorica Dendrobium ovatum
Blumea membranacea Eranthemum capense
Combretum ovalifolium Hibiscus furcatus
Anaphyllum wightii Desmodium laxum
Blumea virens Ervatamia divaricata
Commelina clavata Holigarna nigra
Andrographis paniculata Desmodium triflorum
Boehmeria glomerulifera Erythrina stricta
Commelina obliqua Hoya wightii
Andrographis wightiana Desmodium triquetrum
Bolbitis sp.(Hybrid) Erythropalum populifolium
Commelina suffruticosa Humboldtia vahliana
Aneilema montanum Dianella ensifolia
Breynia retusa Euonymus indicus
Connarus macrocarpus Hydnocarpus laurifolia
Aneilema ovalifolium Dichapetalum gelonioides
Breynia vitis-idaea Eurya Japonica
Conyza bonariensis Hydrocotyle javanica
Aneilema scaberrimum Dicraea stylosa
Bridelia scandens Dillenia pentagyna
Costus speciosus Dillenia suffruticosa

Fauna

Fishes and amphibians

The natural streams and rivers in these ranges are the repository of varied fish species and amphibians. Almost 51 species of fishes and 43 species of amphibians were reported from the various streams and water bodies in the forest divisions of Ranni. They are the following.

Nandus nandus (Gangetic leaffish), a fresh water Asian leafish species Nandus nandus.JPG
Nandus nandus (Gangetic leaffish), a fresh water Asian leafish species
Microhyla rubra lateral, the narrow mouthed species of frog Microhyla rubra lateral view.jpg
Microhyla rubra lateral, the narrow mouthed species of frog
Fishes[ citation needed ]Amphibians[ citation needed ]
Parambasis thomassiIchtyophis tricolor
Hypselobarbus curmucaUraeotyphlus narayani
Pseudoambassis rangaUraeotyphlus menoni
Hypselobarbus kuraliUraeotyphlus oommeni
Nandus nandusGegeneophis ramaswamii
Labeo rohitaSphaerotheca breviceps
Pristolepis marginataSphaerotheca rolandae
Garra mullyaEuphylyctis cf. mudigere
Etroplus maculatus Euphlyctis cf. aloysii
Travancoria jonesiHoplobatrachus crassus
Etroplus suratensisHoplobatrachus tigerinus
Noemacheilus denisoniIndirana semipalmata
Oreochromis mossambicaIndirana brachytarsus
Noemacheilus guentheriFejervarya keralensis
Glossogobius giuris giurisMicrixalus mallani
Noemacheilus triangularisNyctibatrachus gavi
Awaous gutumClinotarsus curtipes
Lepidocephalus thermalisIndosylvirana sreeni
Sicyopterus griseusIndosylvirana aurantiaca
LepidocephaluslimbatusIndosylvirana cf. magna
Anabas testudineusHydrophylax malabaricus
Hyporhamphus limbatusRaorchestes travancoricus
Macropodus cupanusRaorchestes beddomei
Xenentodon cancilaRaorchestes ponmudi
Channa maruliusRaorchestes manohari
Aplocheilus lineatusPseudophilautus wynaadensis
Channa orientalisPolypedates pseudocruciger
Heteropnuestes fossilisPolypedates maculatus
Channa striatusRhacophorus malabaricus
Clarias dusuuumieriGhatixalus magnus
Mastacembelus armatusDuttaphrynus beddomei
Danio malabaricusDuttaphrynus scaber
Tetraodon travancoricusDuttaphrynus melanostictus
Pristolepis malabaricaDuttaphrynus microtympanum
Megalops cyprinoidesDuttaphrynus parietalis
Parambassis thomassiUperodon taprobanicus
Anguilla bengalensisUperodon variegatus
Haplocheius lineatusUperodon montanus
Anguilla bicolarUperodon triangularis
Mystus montanusUperodon systoma
Tor khudreeMicrohyla cf. laterite

For more details

Reptiles and mammals

Kerala's forests are the storehouse of many species of reptiles and mammals. Reptiles of 59 species and mammals of 34 species were reported from the forests of Ranni. The rain forests here are the habitat of the venomous King cobra. Many King cobras were caught by Vava Suresh, the snake expert and wildlife conservationist for the Angamoozhy, Chittar, and Moozhiyar regions in the Goodrical range. The mammals are also rich in number, with countless species in these forests.

A little banded goshawk commonly found all over Indian sub continent Shikra.JPG
A little banded goshawk commonly found all over Indian sub continent
The Trinket snake (Scientific name:Coelognathus helena), a nonvenomous constrictor species of coulbrid snake Coelognathus helenus indische schmucknatter.jpg
The Trinket snake (Scientific name:Coelognathus helena), a nonvenomous constrictor species of coulbrid snake
Reptiles[ citation needed ]Birds[ citation needed ]
Melanochelys trijugaLittle cormorant
Indotestudo travancoricaDarter
Lissemys punctata punctataGrey heron
Rhinophis travancoricusPond heron
Uropeltis ceylanicusCattle egret
Python molurusLittle egret
Cnemaspis gracilisNight heron
Cnemaspis ornatusChestnut bittern
Cnemaspis beddomeiPariah kite
Lycodon tranancoricusBrahminy kite
Cnemaspis kandianaIndian shikra
Lycodon aulicusOsprey
Cyrtodactylus collegalensisJungle bush quali
Oilgodon taeniolatusRed spurfowl
Hemidactylus brookiGrey jungle fowl
Oilogodon travancoricusRedwattled lapwing
Hemidactylus frenatusBlue rock pigeon
Amphiesma stolataIndian spotted dove
Hemidactylus leschenaultiIndian emerald dove
Amphiesma beddomeiRoseringed parakeet
Hemidactylus maculatusIndian lorikeet
Amphiesma monticolaCommon hawk cuckoo
Calotes calotesCommon Indian nightjar
Xenochrophis piscatorIndian koel
Calotes elliottiCoucal/crow pheasant
Elaphe helenaIndian barn owl
Calotes rouxiGrey headed bublbul
Ptyas mucosusRuby throated bublbul
Calotes versicolorIndian alpine swift
Dendrelaphis ttristisIndian house swift
Draco dussumieriMalabar trogon
Ahaetulla nasutaPied kingfisher
Psammophilus blanfordanusChestnuttheaded bee-eater
Boiga trigonataRufoustailed flycatcher
Chamaeleo zeylanicusRedbreasted flycatcher
Bungarus caeruleusMalabar greyhornbill
Mabuya maculariusSmall green barbet
Naja najaCrimsonthroated barbet
Mabuya carinataIndian pitta
Ophiophagus hannahMalabar crested lark
Scincella laterimaculatumIndian golden oriole
Vipera russelliiBlackheaded oriole
Riopa punctataBlack drongo
Echis carinatusJungle myna
Ristella beddomiiHill myna
Hypnale hypnaleIndian tree pie
Ristella guentheriSoutheastern tree pie
Trimeresurus malabaricusPaddyfield warbler
Ophisops leschenaultiJungle crow
Bungarus faciatusMalabar woodshrike
Varanus bengalensisOrange minivet
Ptyas mucosusGoldfronted chloropsis
Ramphotyphlops braminusFairy bluebird
Typhlina braminaRedwhiskered bulbul
Typhlops acutusWhitethroated ground thrush
Geochelone travancoricaRedvented bulbul
Teretrurus sanguineusKerala rock pipit
Lissemys punctata punctataTailorbird
Blue headed yellow wagtailUropeltis ocellatus

Birds

There are abundant species of birds in these forests, including some that face extinction. There are 196 known species of birds reported from the Ranni division.

Malabar grey hornbill (Scientific name:Ocyceros griseus), a hornbill species commonly found in the Western ghats and southern India MalabarGreyhornbill.jpg
Malabar grey hornbill (Scientific name:Ocyceros griseus), a hornbill species commonly found in the Western ghats and southern India
Nilgiri flycather (Scientific name:Eumyias albicaudatus), a near-threatened species similar to verditer flycatcher NIlgiri Flycatcher.JPG
Nilgiri flycather (Scientific name:Eumyias albicaudatus), a near-threatened species similar to verditer flycatcher

List of birds

Little cormorant (Phalocrocorax Niger)Greyfronted green pigeon (Trenon pampadora affinis)Darter (Anhinga rufa)Imperial green pigeon (Ducula aenea)Grey heron (Ardea cinerea)Nilgiri wood pigeon (Columba elphinstonii)Pond heron (Ardeola grayii)Large Indian parakeet (Pisttacula eupatria)Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)Blossom headed parakeet (Pisttacula cyanocephala)Little egret (Egretta garsetta)The cuckoo (Cucclus canorus)Night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax)Indian banded bay cuckoo (Cacomantis sonneratii)Chestnut bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeusIndian plaintive cuckoo (Cacomantis passerinus)Pariah kite (Milvus migrans)Drongo cuckoo (Surniculus lugubris)Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus)Lesser coucal (Centropus toulou)Indian shikra (Accipiter badius)Grass owl (Tyto capensis)Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)Bay owl (Phodilus badius. ripleyiJungle bush quali (Perdicula asiatica)Great horned owl (Bubo bubo bengalensis)Red spurfowl (Galloperdix spadicea)Forest eagle owl (Bubo bubo nipalensis)
Grey jungle fowl (Gallus sonneratii)Brown fish owl (Bubo bubo zeylonensisRedwattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus)Short eared owl (Asio flammeus)Blue rock pigeon (Columba livia)Ceylon Frogmouth (Batrachostomus monlinger)Indian spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis)Great eared nightjar (Eurostopodus macrotis bourdilloni)Indian emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica)Bluewinged parnakeet (Psittacula columbodies)Roseringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri)Indian jungle nightjar (Caprimulgus asiaticus)<Indian lorikeet (Loriculus vernalis)Indian cuckoo (Cuculus micropterus)Common hawk cuckoo (Cuculus varius)Longtailed nightjar (Caprimulgus macrurus)Common Indian nightjar (Caprimulgus asiaticus)Whiterumped spinetail swift (Chaetura sylvatica)Indian koel (Eudynamys scolopacea)Scops owl (Otus scops)Coucal/Crow pheasant (Centropus sinensis)Malabar barred jungle owlet (Glaucidium radiatum subsp)Indian barn owl (Tyto alba)Spotted owlet (Athene brama)Grey headed bublbul (Pyconotus pricoephalus)Yellow browed bulbul (Hypsipetes indicus)Ruby throated bublbul (Pyconotus melanicterus)Black head babbler (Rhopocichla atriceps)
Indian alpine swift (Apus melba)Quaker babbler (Alcippe poioicephala)Indian house swift (Apus affinis)Brown flycatcher (Muscicapa latrirostris)Malabar trogon (Harpactes fasciatus subsp)Brown breasted flycatcher (Muscicapa muttui)Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis)Indian roller (Coracias benghalensis)Chestnutheaded bee-eater (Merops Leschenaulti)White bellied blue flycatcher (Muscicapa pallipes)Rufoustailed flycatcher (Muscicapa ruficauda)Blue throated flycatcher (Muscicapa rubeculoides)Redbreasted flycatcher (Muscicapa parva)Tickell's blue flycatche (Muscicapa tickelliae)Malabar greyhornbill (Tockus griseus)Verditer flycatcher (Muscicapa thalassina)Small green barbet (Megalaima viridis)Nilgiri flycatcher (Muscicapa albicaudata)Crimsonthroated barbet (Megalaima rubricapilla)White browed fantail flycatcher (Rhipidura aureola)Indian pitta (Pitta brachyura)Paradise flycatcher (Trepsiphone paradisi)Malabar crested lark (Galerida malabarica)Black naped flycatcher. (Hypothymis azurea)Indian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus)Streaked fantail warbler (Listicola juncidis salimalii)Blackheaded oriole (Oriolus xanthornus)Franklin's wren Warbler (Primia hodgsoni)
Jungle myna (Acridotheres fuscus)Thickbilled warbler (Acrocephalus aedon)Hill myna (Gracula religiosa)Indian great reed warbler (Acrocephalus aedon)Indian tree pie (Dendrocitta vagabunda)House crow (Corvus splendens)Southeastern tree pie (Dendrocitta vagabunda subsp)Tytler's leaf warbler (Phylloscopus tytleri)Paddyfield warbler (Acrocephalus agricola)Largebilled leaf warbler (Phylloscopus magnirostris)Jungle crow (Corvus macrohynohos)Blue chat (Erithacus svecicus)Malabar woodshirke (Tephrodornis gularis)Shama (Copsychus saularis)Orange minivet (Pericrocotus flammeus)Indian robin (Saxicoloides caprata)Goldfronted chloropsis (Chloropsis auriforns)Pied ground thrush (Zoothera wardii)Fairy bluebird (Irena puella)Orange headed ground thrush (Zoothera citrina)Redwhiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus)Whiteheaded babbler (Turdoides affinis)Whitethroated ground thrush (Zootera citrina cyanotus)Grey headed yellow wagtail. (Motacilla flava)Redvented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer)Magpie robin (Copsychus saularis)Kerala rock pipit (Anthus similis)Malbar whistling thrush (Myiophoneus horsfieldii)
Tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius)Yellow backed wagtail (Motacilla flava tutea)Blue headed yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava beema)Grey wagtail (Motacilla cinerea)Indian grey tit (Parus major)Forest wagtail (Motacilla indica)Velvetfronted nuthatch (Sitta frontalis)Tickell's flowerpecker (Dicaeum erythrorhynchos)Large pied wagtail (Motacilla madera spatensis)Purple rumped sunbird (Nictarinia zeylonica)Small sunbird (Nectarinia minima)Indian shag (Podiceps fuscicollis)Indian house sparrow (Passer domesticus)Large cormorabt (Podiceps carbo)Little Gerbe (Podiceps ruficollis)Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea)Loten's sunbird (Nictarinia lotenia)Large egret (Ardea alba)Purple sunbird (Nictarinia asiatica)Little spiderhunter (Arachnothera longirostris)Yellow backed sunbird Aethopyga siparaja)Yellowthroated sparrow (Petronia xanthocollis)Little green heron (Ardeola striatus)Open bill stork (Anastomus oscitans)Smaller egert (Egretta intermedia)Travancore baya (Ploceus philippinus travancoreensis)Yellow bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis)Red munia (Estrilda amandava)
White necked stork (Ciconia episcopus)White throated Munia (Lonchura malabarica)Pintail (Anas acuta)Spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata)Spot bill duck (Anas poecilorhyncha)Black head munia (Lonchura malacca)Garganey (Anas querquedula)Common rose finch (Carpodacus erythrinus)Black crested Baza (Aviceda lephotes)Bush lark (Mirafra assamica)Black winged kite (Elanus caeruleus vociferus)Crag martin (Hirundo rupestris)Sparrow hawk (Accipiter nisus)Eastern swallow (Hirundo rustica gutturalis)Cresested hawk eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus)Indian cliff swallow (Hirundo fluvicola)Dusky cragmartin (Hirundo concolor)House martin (Delichon urbica)Booted hawk eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus)Brown shrike (Lanius cristatus)Black eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis perniger)Ashy drango (Dicrurus adsimilis)Grey shrike (Lanius excubitor)Short toed eagle (Circaetus gallicus gallicus)Greyheaded fishing eagle (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus)Common myna (Acridotherestristis)Racket – tailed drango (Dicrurus paradiseus)Common iora (Aegithina tiphia)
Greyheaded myna (Sturnus malabaricus)Common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)Crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela melanotis)Threetoed kingfisher (Ceyx erithacus)Redheaded merllin (Falco chicquera)White breasted kingfisher. (Hakyon smyrensis)Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)Blue eared kingfisher (Alcedo meninting)Indian kestrel (Falco tinnunculus objurgatus)Bluebearded bee-eater (Nyctyornis athertoni)Banded crake (Rallina urizonoides)Broadbilled roller (Eurystomus orientalis)WWhite breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus)Malabar pied hornbill (Anthracoceros coronatus)Watercock (Gallicrex cinerea)Rufous woodpecker (Micropternus brachyurns jerdonii)Pheasant tailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurugus)Speckled piculet (Picumnus innominatus)Painted snipe (Rostratula bengalensis)Pigmy wood pecker (Picoides nanus)Blackwinged stilt (Himantopus himantopus)Green sandpiper (Tringa ochropus)Little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius)Black backed wood pecker (Crysocolaptes festivus)Heart spotted woodpecker (Hemicircus canente)Common sandpiper (Tringa hypoleucos)Common tern (Sterna hirundo)

Tribal settlements

The forest ranges of Ranni are inhabited by many tribal communities, mainly the Ulladan, Vettuvan and Malavedan, each having their own traditions and beliefs.

SettlementsCommunities
KakkudukkaUlladan
MannadisalaUlladan
ChollanavayalMalavedan
KudamuruttyMalappandaram
ParuvaUlladan
AriyanjilimannuMalavedan
ManakkayamMalaoorali
NaranamthoduVanakudi
Lahai Adiyan, Ulladan
KurumbanmoozhyUlladan
AttathoduMalapandaram
VelamplavuUlladan
KattachiraUlladan, vettuvan
KodumudiUlladan, vettuvan
KumaramkunnuMalavedan, adiyan
OlikkalluVettuvan
PambiniUlladan
AllumkalVettuvan
BhayanankaramudiKani, arayan
ChippankuzhyKani, ulladan

See also

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Mudumalai National Park is a national park in the Nilgiri Mountains in Tamil Nadu in southern India. It covers 321 km2 (124 sq mi) at an elevation range of 850–1,250 m (2,790–4,100 ft) in the Nilgiri District and shares boundaries with the states of Karnataka and Kerala. A part of this area has been protected since 1940. The national park has been part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve since 1986 and was declared a tiger reserve together with a buffer zone of 367.59 km2 (141.93 sq mi) in 2007. It receives an annual rainfall of about 1,420 mm (56 in) and harbours tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests with 498 plant species, at least 266 bird species, 18 carnivore and 10 herbivore species. It is drained by the Moyar River and several tributaries, which harbour 38 fish species.

The term Malabar rainforests refers to one or more distinct ecoregions recognized by biogeographers:

  1. the Malabar Coast moist forests formerly occupied the coastal zone to the 250 metre elevation
  2. the South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests grow at intermediate elevations
  3. the South Western Ghats montane rain forests cover the areas above 1000 metres elevation
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Periyar National Park</span> Protected area in Kerala

Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary (PNP) is a protected area located in the districts of Idukki and Pathanamthitta in Kerala, India. It is notable as an elephant reserve and a tiger reserve. The protected area encompasses 925 km2 (357 sq mi), of which 305 km2 (118 sq mi) of the core zone was declared as the Periyar National Park in 1982. The park is a repository of rare, endemic, and endangered flora and fauna and forms the major watershed of two important rivers of Kerala: the Periyar and the Pamba.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pamba River</span> River in India

The Pamba River is the longest river in the Indian state of Kerala after Periyar and Bharathappuzha, and the longest river in the erstwhile former princely state of Travancore. Sabarimala temple dedicated to Lord Ayyappa is located on the banks of the river Pamba.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KwaZulu–Cape coastal forest mosaic</span> Subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of South Africa

The Kwazulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic is a subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of South Africa. It covers an area of 17,800 square kilometers (6,900 sq mi) in South Africa's Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wildlife of Kerala</span> Overview of the wildlife in the Indian state of Kerala

Most of Kerala's native habitat, which consists of wet evergreen rainforests at lower elevations and highland deciduous and semi-evergreen forests in the east, has a humid tropical climate. However, significant variations in terrain and elevation lead to high biodiversity. But Alappuzha district has no forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Odisha semi-evergreen forests</span> Ecoregion of India

The Odisha semi-evergreen forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of eastern India. The ecoregion covers an area of 8,600 square kilometers (3,300 sq mi) on the coastal plain of Odisha state, bounded by the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests west and north-west, transitioning from the huge ecoregion Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests along the north coastland, and surrounding the smaller ecoregion Godavari-Krishna mangroves along a stretch of the south-east coast by the Bay of Bengal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ranni, Kerala</span> Taluk in Kerala, India

Ranni or Ranny is a town in the Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, India, and the 16th largest taluk in Kerala, located on both sides of the Pamba River. It Is located 30 km from Tiruvalla railway station & NH 183 in Tiruvalla.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thale Ban National Park</span>

Thale Ban National Park is a forested area south of the Banthat Mountains in southern Thailand, in the south of Satun Province bordering Malaysia; it borders Taman Negeri Perlis park. The park was established on 27 October 1980. It covers an area of 122,500 rai ~ 196 square kilometres (76 sq mi) of Khuan Don and Mueang Satun districts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vadasserikara</span> Town in Kerala, India

Vadaserikara is a village in Pathanamthitta district, in the state of Kerala, India. It is one of the 11 villages in Ranni and sits at the confluence of the Pamba and Kallar River.Nearest Railway Station Is Thiruvalla,Located At A Distance Of 34 km.The total geographical area of village is 6007 hectares.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chin Hills–Arakan Yoma montane forests</span> Ecoregion in Myanmar

The Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in western Myanmar (Burma). Surrounded at lower elevations by moist tropical forests, this ecoregion is home a diverse range of subtropical and temperate species, including many species characteristic of the Himalayas, as well as many endemic species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wildlife of Karnataka</span>

The state of Karnataka in South India has a rich diversity of flora and fauna. It has a recorded forest area of 38,720 km2 which constitutes 22% of the geographical area of the state. These forests support 25% of the elephant population and 20% of the tiger population of India. Many regions of Karnataka are still unexplored and new species of flora and fauna are still found. The mountains of the Western Ghats in the western region of Karnataka are a biodiversity hotspot. Two sub-clusters of the Western Ghats, Talacauvery and Kudremukh, are on a tentative list of sites that could be designated as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The Bandipur and Nagarahole national parks which fall outside these subclusters were included in the Nilgiri biosphere reserve in 1986, a UNESCO designation. In the Biligiriranga Hills the Eastern Ghats meet the Western Ghats. The state bird and state animal of Karnataka are Indian roller and the Indian elephant. The state tree and state flower are sandalwood and lotus. Karnataka is home to 524 tigers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary</span> Wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu, India

The Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary (GSWS), also known as Srivilliputhur Wildlife Sanctuary, was established in 1988 to protect the Near threatened grizzled giant squirrel. Occupying an area of 485.2 km2, it is bordered on the southwest by the Periyar Tiger Reserve and is one of the best preserved forests south of the Palghat Gap.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary</span> Catchments of the Peppara Dam on the Karamana River in India

The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, India. It consists of the catchment area of the Karamana River, which originates from Chemmunjimottai, the tallest hill within the sanctuary. The sanctuary is named after the Peppara Dam, commissioned in 1983 to augment the drinking water supply to Thiruvananthapuram city and suburban areas. Considering the ecological significance of the area, it was declared a sanctuary in 1983. The terrain is undulating with elevation ranging from 100 m to 1717 m. The area of the sanctuary is 75 km2 with tropical moist evergreen forests and myristica swamps. It is part of the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve. Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is 44 kilometres (27 mi) by car from the nearest railway station, at Thiruvananthapuram, and 49 kilometres (30 mi) from the Thiruvananthapuram airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests</span>

The Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests is a subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion which occupies the lower hillsides of the mountainous border region joining India, Bangladesh, and Burma (Myanmar). The ecoregion covers an area of 135,600 square kilometres (52,400 sq mi). Located where the biotas of the Indian Subcontinent and Indochina meet, and in the transition between subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, the Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests are home to great biodiversity. The WWF rates the ecoregion as "Globally Outstanding" in biological distinctiveness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angamoozhy</span> Town/village in Kerala, India

Angamoozhy is a village in Pathanamthitta district in the Indian state of Kerala. Angamoozhy is located near the Kakkad power station and the Sabarimala temple. Geographically Angamoozhy is High-range area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protected areas of Vietnam</span>

Many areas of Vietnam are under protection. While the national reserves cover small areas of scientific significance with restricted access, the national parks also cover wetlands of Ramsar designated areas and BirdLife International inscribed bird areas. The largest of the national parks initially covered were the Cúc Phương National Park, the Cát Tiên National Park, and the Côn Đảo National Park which to start with were forest areas cum reserves or prohibited areas. The objective for creating national parks was to allow access to the reserved areas as a part of ecotourism and cultural needs with full attention to the basic approach of conservation of natural environmental resources.

References

  1. "Goodrical forest range in Ranni division".