Psychrophiles or cryophiles are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from −20 °C to +10 °C. They are found in places that are permanently cold, such as the polar regions and the deep sea. They can be contrasted with thermophiles, which are organisms that thrive at unusually high temperatures, and mesophiles at intermediate temperatures. Psychrophile is Greek for 'cold-loving', from ψυχρός.
Antarctica is one of the most physically and chemically extreme terrestrial environments to be inhabited by lifeforms. The largest plants are mosses, and the largest animals that do not leave the continent are a few species of insects.
Algoriphagus is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).
Glaciimonas immobilis is a psychrophilic, nonmotile, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Glaciimonas which was isolated from alpine glacier cryoconite. Phylogenetic analysis has shown it to belong to the family Oxalobacteraceae.
Polaromonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria from the family Comamonadaceae. Polaromonas species are psychrophiles.
Rhodoferax fermentans is a psychrophilic, motile bacterium from the genus Rhodoferax. It is a photosynthetic bacteria.
Rhodoferax is a genus of Betaproteobacteria belonging to the purple nonsulfur bacteriarophic. Originally, Rhodoferax species were included in the genus Rhodocyclus as the Rhodocyclus gelatinous-like group. The genus Rhodoferax was first proposed in 1991 to accommodate the taxonomic and phylogenetic discrepancies arising from its inclusion in the genus Rhodocyclus. Rhodoferax currently comprises four described species: R. fermentans, R. antarcticus, R. ferrireducens, and R. saidenbachensis. R. ferrireducens, lacks the typical phototrophic character common to two other Rhodoferax species. This difference has led researchers to propose the creation of a new genus, Albidoferax, to accommodate this divergent species. The genus name was later corrected to Albidiferax. Based on geno- and phenotypical characteristics, A. ferrireducens was reclassified in the genus Rhodoferax in 2014. R. saidenbachensis, a second non-phototrophic species of the genus Rhodoferax was described by Kaden et al. in 2014.
Psychrobacter frigidicola is a psychrophilic, oxidase-positive, halotolerant, Gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from the Antarctic.
Arthrobacter roseus is a species of red-pigmented psychrophilic bacteria first isolated from a cyanobacterial mat. Its type strain is CMS 90r(T).
Ji Hee Kim is an Antarctic researcher, best known for being the Principal Investigator for comprehensive environmental monitoring and construction of the long term environmental database at South Korea's King Sejong Station.
Marinobacter antarcticus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, halotolerant, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from Antarctic sediments.
Mucilaginibacter antarcticus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from soil near Antarctic Peninsula.
Clostridium bowmanii is a psychrophilic, Gram-positive, anaerobic and spore-forming bacterium from the genus Clostridium.
Clostridium frigoris is a bacterium from the genus Clostridium.
Clostridium lacusfryxellense is a psychrophilic, Gram-positive, spore-forming and anaerobic bacterium from the genus Clostridium which has been isolated from a microbial mat from Lake Fryxell in Antarctica.
Flavobacterium degerlachei is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and psychrophilic bacterium from the genus of Flavobacterium which has been isolated from microbial mat from the Lake Ace in the Antarctica.
Rhodoglobus vestalii is a Gram-positive and psychrophilic bacterium from the genus of Rhodoglobus which has been isolated from a dry Valley lake near the McMurdo Ice Shelf from the Antarctica.
Paenisporosarcina antarctica is a psychrophilic, Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Paenisporosarcina which has been isolated from soil from the King George Island.
Ulvibacter antarcticus is a Gram-negative, obligately aerobic and chemoheterotrophic bacterium from the genus of Ulvibacter which has been isolated from Antarctic seawater from the coast.
Tessaracoccus antarcticus is a Gram-positive and facultatively anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Tessaracoccus which has been isolated from soil from the Fildes Peninsula. Tessaracoccus antarcticus produces rhodopsin.
