Robin Hood's Bay Lifeboat Station

Robin Hood's Bay Lifeboat Station
Former lifeboat station, Robin Hood's Bay
General information
Type	RNLI Lifeboat Station
Location	Robin Hood's Bay, North Yorkshire
Country	England
Coordinates	54°25′48″N0°31′55″W / 54.430°N 0.532°W / 54.430; -0.532
Opened	1881
Closed	1931

Robin Hood's Bay Lifeboat Station was a Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeboat station, situated at Robin Hood's Bay, on the coast of North Yorkshire, England. The lifeboat station had been operating for just over 100 years intermittently when it was closed by the RNLI in 1931. The withdrawal of the lifeboat capability from Robin Hood's Bay was due to the Whitby lifeboat being able to be launched from Whitby, and into the bay at Robin Hood's Bay, before the bay lifeboat itself could be manhandled into the sea.

History

The first boat to be used as a lifeboat at Robin Hood's Bay was a coble converted into a lifeboat by the boatbuilder Harton of Limehouse in London. ^[1] Ships were often wrecked in the bay; some have stated that this is down to the ironstone in the reef which extends out to sea from Ravenscar. The iron was thought to have affected ships compasses, though this has never been proven. ^[2] The announcement of a new lifeboat and lifeboat station for Robin Hood's Bay was made in October 1839, ^[3] and this was used for 16 years before falling into disuse in 1855. ^[1] A ship named Emporium was wrecked off the coast between Robin Hood's Bay and Whitby, with a newspaper report stating their regret that the lifeboat hadn't been launched. It stated that an RNLI inspector had visited not long before the wreck, and he had said the boat was good, but the gear was not in order. ^[4]

In 1843, six of the lifeboat crew died when they launched in a storm to the rescue of a brig (the William and Ann), in distress in the bay. ^[5] They successfully helped the crew into the lifeboat when a hug wave capsized the boat. All lifeboatmen and crew of the brig drowned. ^[6] Although listed as ineffective or disused, the lifeboat at Robin Hood's Bay was mentioned in Hansard from 1874, stating that it was 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Whitby, and some 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Scarborough, the two next nearest lifeboat stations. ^[7]

The revival of a lifeboat, and the building of a new lifeboat station in 1881, was due to the efforts needed to get to the brig Visiter (or Visitor), which had become stranded in a storm in the bay off Robin Hood's Bay in January 1881. ^[8] The old lifeboat within Robin Hood's Bay was not seaworthy, and an approach by sea from one of the Whitby lifeboats proved useless. So the other Whitby lifeboat (the Robert Whitworth) was put on its carriage and taken the 8 miles (13 km) overland through 6 feet (1.8 m) snowdrifts to be launched form the slipway at Robin Hood's Bay, in a process that took over three hours. ^{[9] [10]}

In late 1881, the RNLI took over running the lifeboat, and they presented the station with a 32 feet (9.8 m) boat named the Ephraim and Hannah Fox, which initially only had one local volunteer (the rest of the men preferred to stay with the rocket brigade). A crew from Whitby made up the numbers on the lifeboat until such a time as all men on the boat were recruited locally. ^{[5] [11] [12]} The lifeboat house was built to a standard design by the official RNLI architect, and was placed just inland from the main slipway into the sea at Robin Hood's Bay, on land donated by Sir Charles Strickland. ^[13] The Ephraim and Hannah Fox served for 23 years, being replaced in 1903 by the Mary Ann Lockwood. The second boat served for 28 years and was launched 35 times, with records stating that her crews rescued 53 people during that period. ^[14]

A rescue undertaken in 1908, resulted in the lifeboat being washed ashore by heavy seas, and all the oars being smashed by the swell. However, all the lifeboat crew and the crew of the Reperio were saved. ^[15] Another rescue occurred in October 1919, when the Cap Palos, a five-masted schooner was stranded in the bay, and the lifeboat went out four times to rescue the crew. The heavy swell later washed the ship ashore, and she spent a year on the beach at Robin Hood's Bay before being refloated and towed to Whitby. ^{[16] [note 1]}

The lifeboat station at Robin Hood's Bay was closed in 1931, as it was found that the Whitby lifeboat could in the bay before the Robin Hood's Bay lifeboat could be manhandled into the sea. ^[19] The cobbled slipway at Robin Hood's Bay (known as Way Foot), is steep and the combined weight of the lifeboat and carriage was 7 tonnes (7.7 tons). This made launching the lifeboat very time-consuming. ^{[20] [21]} Another problem was during the winter storms, when it was almost impossible to get the lifeboat back safely, and the crew had to spend hours out at sea with those they had rescued before they could return. ^[22] In all, only four boats had been used at Robin Hood's Bay between 1830 and 1931. ^[23]

One of the boards commemorating rescues undertaken by the lifeboat crews between 1893 and 1929, is hung on the wall of the old parish church on the hill overlooking Fylingthorpe, Raw and Robin Hood's Bay. ^[24] The lifeboat house building is now a shelter and public convenience. ^{[25] [8]}

At the top of the cobbled slip, just a few yards from the old boathouse, still stands a unique RNLI Coin Collection Box, in the shape of a (Cod) Fish, dating from 1887. It is listed on the National Heritage List for England as a grade II listed building, and meets the criteria for listing "as an example of Victorian public statuary and can be seen as a memorial to fishermen lost at sea and the bravery of RNLI volunteers." ^[26]

Fleet

Dates in service	Class	ON [lower-alpha 1]	Name	Comments
1881−1903	32ft Self-righting (P&S)	234	Ephraim and Hannah Fox	Boat measured 32 feet (9.8 m) by 8 feet (2.4 m). [10]
1903–1931	34ft Self-righting (P&S)	499	Mary Ann Lockwood	Boat measured 34 feet (10 m) by 8.5 feet (2.6 m). [14] On decommissioning from the RNLI, the boat was converted into a cabin cruiser at Smith and Son boatbuilders in Goole, for a private buyer. [27]

1. ON is the RNLI's Official Number of the boat.

Notes

1. The Cap Palos was repaired, but when she set sail from Whitby, she experienced a heavy south-westerly gale and returned to the Whitby Roads (an area of deep water just offshore from the mouth of the River Esk). However, she broke free from her mooring and drifted southwards with the Whitby lifeboat following for seven hours before a rescue could be effected. The Cap Palos lies in 50 feet (15 m) of water between Scarborough and Flamborough. ^{[17] [18]}

References

1. Leach, Nicholas (2018). The Lifeboat Service in England; the North East Coast, Station by Station. Stroud: Amberley. p. 121. ISBN   978-1-4456-6832-1.
2. Farnhill 1990, p. 73.
3. "A life-boat has long been wanted at Robin Hood's Bay, on the coast of Yorkshire". The Times. No. 17170. 11 October 1839. p. 7. ISSN   0140-0460.
4. "The disaster to "The Emporium"". York Herald. No. 4277. 28 October 1854. p. 3. OCLC   1325754826.
5. Farnhill 1990, p. 72.
6. "Another dreadful shipwreck – Whitby". The Times. No. 18213. 7 February 1843. p. 5. ISSN   0140-0460.
7. "Pilotage, wrecks and casualties". Parliamentary papers (House of Commons and Command). 61. London: Great Britain Parliament House of Commons: 172. 1874. OCLC   220735047.
8. Chrystal 2012, p. 48.
9. "Scarborough Maritime Heritage Centre | Robin Hoods Bay epic lifeboat rescue and terrible tragedy". scarboroughsmaritimeheritage.org.uk. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
10. Lidster 1995, p. 18.
11. Ellis, Jane (2018). "19; The 'Visiter' sea rescue, Robin Hood's Bay". The History Tree. Danby: North Yorkshire Moors Association. p. 70. ISBN   9780956577955.
12. Lidster 1995, pp. 18−19.
13. "Whitby". The Yorkshire Herald and the York Herald. No. 7673. 23 September 1881. p. 7. OCLC   1325754826.
14. Lidster 1995, p. 20.
15. "Shipping accidents". The Times. No. 38, 843. 30 December 1908. p. 8. ISSN   0140-0460.
16. Lidster 1983, p. 8.
17. "Two wrecks at sea". Hull Daily Mail. No. 10, 964. 16 November 1920. p. 6. OCLC   500154670.
18. Defieux, Charles (29 November 1971). "Of ships and men; schooner built here". The Vancouver Sun. No. 86–48. p. 36. OCLC   1080970201.
19. Lidster 1995, p. 19.
20. Page, William (1968). The Victoria history of the county of York, North Riding volume 2. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall for the University of London Institute of Historical Research. p. 535. ISBN   0712903100.
21. Lidster 1983, p. 16.
22. Lidster 1983, p. 25.
23. Chrystal 2012, p. 46.
24. "Old church of St Stephen, Fylingdales, North Yorkshire" (PDF). visitchurches.org.uk. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
25. Gower, E. (1978). Robin Hood's Bay. Clapham: Dalesman Books. p. 9. ISBN   0852064624.
26. Historic England. "THE FISH, ROBIN HOODS BAY (1391560)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 14 February 2024.
27. "East coast lifeboat to be converted at Goole". Hull Daily Mail. No. 14, 388. 27 November 1931. p. 9. OCLC   500154670.

Sources

• Chrystal, Paul (2012). Lifeboat Stations of North East England; From Sunderland to The Humber, Through Time. Stroud: Amberley. ISBN   978-1-4456-1376-5.
• Farnhill, Barrie (1990). A history of Robin Hood's Bay. North York Moors National Park Authority. ISBN   0-907480-22-5.
• Lidster, J. Robin (1983). Robin Hood's Bay in old picture postcards. Zaltbommel: European Library. ISBN   9789028824782.
• Lidster, J. Robin (1995). Robin Hood's Bay as it was; a pictorial history (5 ed.). Nelson: Hendon Publishing. ISBN   0-86067-063-5.
• Leonard, Richie; Denton, Tony (2024). Lifeboat Enthusiasts Handbook 2024. Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society. pp. 4–132.